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Romanticism and Romantic Poetry
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Timeframe of Romantic Poetry
• First work of Romantic poetry - Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth in 1798
• Traditionally ends with death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832
• Some consider poetry produced in Victorian and even Modern eras to be “Romantic”
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Major features of Romantic Poetry
• Freely imaginative idealizing fiction
• imagination and emotion
• particular as opposed to general or universal experience
• value of the individual - link to French revolution
• freedom rather than authority
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Major features continued• Optimistic sense of renewal
• Interest in the language and lives of common people
• love for unspoiled natural world
• revitalized interest in medieval subjects and settings
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Historical context• Prosperity and confidence in
1700’s
• American and French revolutions
• disappointment in bitter and violent ends - Napoleon
• Industrial Revolution
• dirty, unorganized cities emerge
• huge class shift
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First generation of English Romantic Poetry - Wordsworth
and Coleridge• Men meet at Cambridge
• publish Lyrical Ballads in 1798
• seeks to abandon formal language of 1700’s
• balance between poet’s influence and “real language”
• balance between commonplace and supernatural
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First generation of English Romantic Poetry - Wordsworth
and Coleridge• Apparent contradictions
seek to reveal what Wordsworth calls “the essential passions of the heart” and what Coleridge calls “our inward nature”
• natural and commonplace, supernatural and romantic all contribute to basic operation of human mind and emotions
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Second generation: Byron, Shelley, Keats
• All have tragically short lives
• Byron and Shelley both aristocrats, well educated, leave England under pressure, see themselves as outcasts
• Byron popular, while Shelley misunderstood
• Keats produces poetry at 24, dies at 25