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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card 8.
Stars
The birth of a star
All stars have a life cycle
Hydrogen
gas and
dust in
space
This is
pulled
together
by gravity
If there is
enough force
the nuclei
start to fuse
Distances of starsScientists use two ways to work out the distances of
stars from Earth:
They can look at the relative brightness of the starsThey can use parallex a near star will shift its position
against the background of more distant stars!
"ight #ears
A light year is the
distance travelled by
light in one year$
The redshift
Hotter stars have
more red in their
spectrum$
Stars will also %die&$ The mass of a
star determines whether the star
will e'plode as a supernova big
stars! or shrink to a white dwarf$
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card 1.
Time and space
The structure of the Earth
( The crust is )*+,*km deep
and is solid rock
( The mantle is rock and
e'tends half way to the
centre of the Earth
( The core is mostly madefrom iron- solid outer core.
li/uid inner core
The Earth was formed around
0*** million years ago along
with the solar system$
The 1niverse was formed
around ), *** million years
ago$
The 1niverse is made of
millions of gala'ies$
2ala'ies come in different
shapes and contain millions ofstars$
The solar system is made up
of the sun our closest star!
at the centre and everything
that orbits the sun$
Scientists find out
information about the
1niverse and the Earth by
using telescopes. sendingprobes. collecting and
e'amining rocks and studying
how things happen over time$
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card ".
Continental drift
#lfred $e%ener put forward the idea of continental
drift in )677$ He had studied the Earth and had found
lots of evidence that let him to believe that the
continents could once have all been 8oined together:
!ata and Evidence
The shapes of the
continents fit
together like a &i%sa'
9atchingrock types
9atching fossils
of animals andplants
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card (.
Seafloor spreadin%
Scientists found a chain of mountains under the sea
when they first started to map the sea floor D!$
It was suggested that the seafloor spread either side
of of an oceanic ridge E!$
There was a ebra+like pattern to the magnetism in the
rocks at either side of the ridge that is symmetrical
D!$
Seafloor spreading$
)ceanic rid%e.Seafloorspreadin%.
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card *.
Plate tectonics
The giant slabs of rock tectonic plates! move at a rate
of about )*cm per year$ This movement is caused by
convection currents in the Earth;s solid mantle$ The
movement causes the ocean floor to grow wider at
oceanic ridges and it can be destroyed at an oceanic
trench$
This e'plains
earth/uakes and
most volcanoes
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card +.
,eoha-ards at home
2eohaard =roblems Solutions
Earth/uake Damage to
buildings$
"oss of human
life$
>etter
construction
methods and
warning systems$
?olcano Damage tohabitats and loss
of human life$
9onitoring thepressure. better
warning systems$
Tsunami Damage to
buildings.
habitats and loss
of human life$
>etter warning
systems$
@hat other problems or solutions did you come up
with
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card .
$hat /illed off the dinosaurs0The dinosaurs appeared to have disappeared from the
Earth about B0 million years ago$ >ut why
Data gathered E'planation
5lay containing iridium was
found in Italy dating backB0 million years ago$
Iridium is found in
meteorites or asteroids sothere must have been one
of these collide with the
Earth$
A huge crater at 5hic'ulub
was dated to B0 million
years ago$
The crater must have been
formed from an asteroid$
In India a third of the
land surface is covered in
basalt$
>asalt must have come as
floods of molten rock$
There must have been a
super volcano
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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card 13.
This last card is to make notes on everything you canremember