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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card 8.

Stars

The birth of a star

All stars have a life cycle

Hydrogen

gas and

dust in

space

This is

pulled

together

by gravity

If there is

enough force

the nuclei

start to fuse

Distances of starsScientists use two ways to work out the distances of

stars from Earth:

They can look at the relative brightness of the starsThey can use parallex a near star will shift its position

against the background of more distant stars!

"ight #ears

A light year is the

distance travelled by

light in one year$

The redshift

Hotter stars have

more red in their

spectrum$

Stars will also %die&$ The mass of a

star determines whether the star

will e'plode as a supernova big

stars! or shrink to a white dwarf$


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Time and space

The structure of the Earth

( The crust is )*+,*km deep

and is solid rock

( The mantle is rock and

e'tends half way to the

centre of the Earth

( The core is mostly madefrom iron- solid outer core.

li/uid inner core

The Earth was formed around

0*** million years ago along

with the solar system$

The 1niverse was formed

around ), *** million years

ago$

The 1niverse is made of

millions of gala'ies$

2ala'ies come in different

shapes and contain millions ofstars$

The solar system is made up

of the sun our closest star!

at the centre and everything

that orbits the sun$

Scientists find out

information about the

1niverse and the Earth by

using telescopes. sendingprobes. collecting and

e'amining rocks and studying

how things happen over time$


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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card ".

Continental drift

#lfred $e%ener put forward the idea of continental

drift in )677$ He had studied the Earth and had found

lots of evidence that let him to believe that the

continents could once have all been 8oined together:

!ata and Evidence

The shapes of the

continents fit

together like a &i%sa'

9atchingrock types

9atching fossils

of animals andplants


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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card (.

Seafloor spreadin%

Scientists found a chain of mountains under the sea

when they first started to map the sea floor D!$

It was suggested that the seafloor spread either side

of of an oceanic ridge E!$

There was a ebra+like pattern to the magnetism in the

rocks at either side of the ridge that is symmetrical

D!$

Seafloor spreading$

)ceanic rid%e.Seafloorspreadin%.


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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card *.

Plate tectonics

The giant slabs of rock tectonic plates! move at a rate

of about )*cm per year$ This movement is caused by

convection currents in the Earth;s solid mantle$ The

movement causes the ocean floor to grow wider at

oceanic ridges and it can be destroyed at an oceanic

trench$

This e'plains

earth/uakes and

most volcanoes


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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card +.

,eoha-ards at home

2eohaard =roblems Solutions

Earth/uake Damage to

buildings$

"oss of human

life$

>etter

construction

methods and

warning systems$

?olcano Damage tohabitats and loss

of human life$

9onitoring thepressure. better

warning systems$

Tsunami Damage to

buildings.

habitats and loss

of human life$

>etter warning

systems$

@hat other problems or solutions did you come up

with


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P1 The Earth in the Universe. Card .

$hat /illed off the dinosaurs0The dinosaurs appeared to have disappeared from the

Earth about B0 million years ago$ >ut why

Data gathered E'planation

5lay containing iridium was

found in Italy dating backB0 million years ago$

Iridium is found in

meteorites or asteroids sothere must have been one

of these collide with the

Earth$

A huge crater at 5hic'ulub

was dated to B0 million

years ago$

The crater must have been

formed from an asteroid$

In India a third of the

land surface is covered in

basalt$

>asalt must have come as

floods of molten rock$

There must have been a

super volcano


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This last card is to make notes on everything you canremember

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