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Review Questions Byzantine Empire thru Meso-America
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Why did the Western Roman Empire decline? *Name at least
one reason*
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• Size – it was too big to run
• Military – no longer loyal to Rome
• Moral decay
• Civil wars weakened Rome
• Invasions
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Constantine’s important for?
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Legalized Christianity and moved the capital from Rome to
Constantinople
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Capital of the Byzantine Empire?
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Constantinople
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Geographical advantages to Constantinople?
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Easily protected, away from Germanic invasions, crossroads of trade, close to Silk Road, and
great harbor
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Great Byzantine Emperor?
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Justinian
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At least one ccomplishment made by Justinian?
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Reconquered former Roman territories, code of laws
(Justinian’s Code), and expanded trade
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Religious images (used by Byzantine empire)
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Icon
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Language spoken by most people of the Byzantine Empire?
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Greek
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Great Byzantine domed Church?
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Hagia Sophia
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Religious division or split of the Eastern and Western churches?
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Great Schism
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What factors caused the schism between the Roman Catholic
Church and the Byzantine Church (Orthodox)?
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Language (Latin v. Greek), celibacy (yes v. no), icon
controversy, pope v. patriarch
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Missionary who spread Christianity to eastern Europe and developed an alphabet?
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Cyril
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Where did Islam begin?
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Arabian Peninsula, Mecca, and Medina
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Who is the prophet of Islam?
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Muhammad
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What is the Islamic holy book?
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Quran/Koran
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What are the duties of Muslims?
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Five Pillars
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What caused the Sunni-Shi’a Islamic Divide?
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Debate over who was the successor to Muhammad
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The west African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai traded
what?
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Gold and salt
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Language of Muslims?
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Arabic
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Muslims were defeated here preventing the spread of Islam
into Europe?
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Battle of Tours
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Muslim contributions?
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Mosaics, Arabic, number system including zero, algebra,
medicine, and geography
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Land given to a vassal in exchange for loyalty?
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Fief
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Political and military system in which nobles entered
arrangements with other lords in exchange for protection?
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Feudalism
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Manors were expected to be able to meet all needs meaning they
were?
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Self-sufficient
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Peasants during feudal times that were bound to the land?
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Serfs
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In exchange for a fief these people offer protection to their
lord and to serve him?
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Vassal
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Great Frankish king who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor?
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Charlemagne
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Frankish king who revived Roman culture, stressed
education, expanded his empire through most of western Europe?
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Charlemagne
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Ethnic religion of ancient Japan? Believes in Kami?
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Shinto
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City in west Africa that served as the foundation for trans-Saharan
trade of gold and salt?
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Timbuktu
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African civilization located on the Limpopo and Zambezi
Rivers?
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Zimbabwe
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Religion of west African kingdoms?
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Islam
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What was the name of the Christian African kingdom?
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Axum
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Civilization located in the Mexican and Central American
rainforest (including the Yucatan peninsula)?
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Maya
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Civilization located in central Mexico?
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Aztec
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Capital of Aztec?
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Tenochtitlan
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Achievements made by the Maya, Aztecs, and Incan?
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Calendar, mathematics, and writing
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• Which civilization was located in South America in the Andes Mountains?
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• Incas
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• Name the capital and important city of the Incas?
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• Capital – Cuzco
• Important city – Machu Picchu