Download - Research: The Industrial Revolution
-
7/29/2019 Research: The Industrial Revolution
1/4
The Industrial Revolution
First of all, the Industrial revolution started in Britain around 1780s and wasnot fully noticed until 1830s.
It was about going from hand production methods to machines, improvedefficiency of water power, the use of steam power, development of machine
tools and the change from wood to coal because coal require much lesslabor to mine than cutting wood.
The Industrial Revolution has led to a number of important innovations andDesign has played a remarkable role in making these technologies happen:
Textile: Steam and water were used to power the mechanized cotton
spinning and this increased the output of a worker by a factor of about1000. The cotton gin showed an increase of productivity of removing seedfrom cotton by a factor of 50.One of the main inventions which have started the industrialisation andrevolutionized the industry worldwide was the Spinning mule by SamuelCrompton.
The spinning mule has a fixed frame with a creel of bobbins to hold the
roving, connected through the headstock to a parallel carriage with the
spindles. On the outward motion, the rovings are paid out through
attenuating rollers and twisted. On the return, the roving is clamped and thespindles reversed to take up the newly spun thread.
Crompton built his mule from wood. Although he used Hargreaves' ideas ofspinning multiple threads and of attenuating the roving with rollers, it washe who put the spindles on the carriage and fixed a creel of roving bobbinson the frame. Both the rollers and the outward motion of the carriageremove irregularities from the rove before it is wound on the spindle
-
7/29/2019 Research: The Industrial Revolution
2/4
The spinning mule by Samuel Crompton
Steam Power:A remarkable increase of the efficiency which led to the use
of between 1/5 and 1/10 as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary engines
to rotary motion in order to make the machine more suitable for industrial
use.
:Machine tools During the Industrial Revolution there was a high demand
for metal parts to be used in the machines. This led to creating many
machine tools for cutting metal knowing that wood has the disadvantage of
changing dimension with temperature and humidity and that hand methods
were very costly and precision was hard to achieve.
-
7/29/2019 Research: The Industrial Revolution
3/4
A machine tool to shape metal parts was invented in late 1800s
Machine tool
Transportation: The Revolution has also helped Britains infrastructures
for better transport connection. Road networks, canals, waterway network
and railway network were built and improved which later on helped
transport Raw materials quickly and cheaper than before and allowed ideas
spread.
The Iron Bridge was a very important construction which helped industries
in the area of Broseley to cross the River Severne.
The bridge was designed by Thomas Pritchard
-
7/29/2019 Research: The Industrial Revolution
4/4
Design:
Design was a very important aspect of the Industrialization which has
helped many domains make great progress by creating effective machines,
tools...
Some art movements have influenced the Industrial Design in many ways.The Design during the Industrial Revolution was very low standard due to
the high competition in producing high quantity in order to make greater
profit, so they focused less on its artistic aspect because it was costly.
There was a reaction about the poorly designed machines and products
which led to the Arts and Crafts movement in order to use shape, form and
colour in the design process.
The movement failed later because its production was only available to the
wealthy.
Rococo which influenced painting, architecture and design and was
characterized by its decorative and elegant touch to which middle class
buyers were attracted, wanting the prestige associated with aristocracy.
Neo-Some art movements have influenced the Industrial Design such asClassicism which is a reaction against the Rococo style and focuses on the
order, symmetry and simplicity of style.
Romanticism happened as a response to the monstrous machinery and to
support nature in art.