research: the industrial revolution

7/29/2019 Research: The Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution

First of all, the Industrial revolution started in Britain around 1780s and wasnot fully noticed until 1830s.

It was about going from hand production methods to machines, improvedefficiency of water power, the use of steam power, development of machine

tools and the change from wood to coal because coal require much lesslabor to mine than cutting wood.

The Industrial Revolution has led to a number of important innovations andDesign has played a remarkable role in making these technologies happen:

Textile: Steam and water were used to power the mechanized cotton

spinning and this increased the output of a worker by a factor of about1000. The cotton gin showed an increase of productivity of removing seedfrom cotton by a factor of 50.One of the main inventions which have started the industrialisation andrevolutionized the industry worldwide was the Spinning mule by SamuelCrompton.

The spinning mule has a fixed frame with a creel of bobbins to hold the

roving, connected through the headstock to a parallel carriage with the

spindles. On the outward motion, the rovings are paid out through

attenuating rollers and twisted. On the return, the roving is clamped and thespindles reversed to take up the newly spun thread.

Crompton built his mule from wood. Although he used Hargreaves' ideas ofspinning multiple threads and of attenuating the roving with rollers, it washe who put the spindles on the carriage and fixed a creel of roving bobbinson the frame. Both the rollers and the outward motion of the carriageremove irregularities from the rove before it is wound on the spindle


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The spinning mule by Samuel Crompton

Steam Power:A remarkable increase of the efficiency which led to the use

of between 1/5 and 1/10 as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary engines

to rotary motion in order to make the machine more suitable for industrial

use.

:Machine tools During the Industrial Revolution there was a high demand

for metal parts to be used in the machines. This led to creating many

machine tools for cutting metal knowing that wood has the disadvantage of

changing dimension with temperature and humidity and that hand methods

were very costly and precision was hard to achieve.


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A machine tool to shape metal parts was invented in late 1800s

Machine tool

Transportation: The Revolution has also helped Britains infrastructures

for better transport connection. Road networks, canals, waterway network

and railway network were built and improved which later on helped

transport Raw materials quickly and cheaper than before and allowed ideas

spread.

The Iron Bridge was a very important construction which helped industries

in the area of Broseley to cross the River Severne.

The bridge was designed by Thomas Pritchard


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Design:

Design was a very important aspect of the Industrialization which has

helped many domains make great progress by creating effective machines,

tools...

Some art movements have influenced the Industrial Design in many ways.The Design during the Industrial Revolution was very low standard due to

the high competition in producing high quantity in order to make greater

profit, so they focused less on its artistic aspect because it was costly.

There was a reaction about the poorly designed machines and products

which led to the Arts and Crafts movement in order to use shape, form and

colour in the design process.

The movement failed later because its production was only available to the

wealthy.

Rococo which influenced painting, architecture and design and was

characterized by its decorative and elegant touch to which middle class

buyers were attracted, wanting the prestige associated with aristocracy.

Neo-Some art movements have influenced the Industrial Design such asClassicism which is a reaction against the Rococo style and focuses on the

order, symmetry and simplicity of style.

Romanticism happened as a response to the monstrous machinery and to

support nature in art.

research: the industrial revolution

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