Download - Research data collection methods and tools
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Research data collection methods and tools
Presented by Likhila abraham
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Data
Data are observable measurable fact that provide information about the phenomenon under study .
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Data sources
1.Primary sources 2.Secondary sources a)internal b)external
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Selection of methods of data collection
1.The nature of phenomenon under study2.Type of research subject
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3)Purpose of research study4)Size of study sample5)Distribution of target population6)Time frame of the study7)Literacy level of subjects
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8)Avilability of resourses and man power9)Researchers knowledge level and compitence
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Diamensions of data collection methods
Structure
quantifiabilit
y
obtrusiveness objectivity
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Methods of data collection
Self reports
Observation
Biophysiological methods
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Self report methods
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Unstructured and semi structured self report techniques
Unstructured or loosely structured self report method offer flexibility ,when these methods are used the researcher does not have a set of questions that must be asked in a specific order and worked in a given way.
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Interview
A method of data collection in which one person ( interviewer)ask the questions to another person (respodent)which conducted either face to face or telephonically
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Characteristics of interview
1)Participants and interviewer will be strangers 2)Verbal answers to the verbal questions3)Investigator records the information's from the respondents4)With a specific purpose5)Can be through telephone6)It can be modified with situations
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Types of interviews1.Structured interviews2)Unstructured interviews 3)Semi structured interviews4)Focussed group interviews5)Telephonic interviews6)In depth interviews
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Structured interview(directive interview)Formalized and has limited set of questionsPresented with same questions in same orderNot permitted to change any thingIncreases credibility and reliabilityMinimize context effect
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Merits1.Data from 1 interview to next are comparable2.Recording or coding data does not cause problem3.Attention will not diverted4.Time consuming
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DemeritsLoose the spontaneityRespondent views are minimized The scope of exploration limitted
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Semi structured interview methodIn depth interview methodFocussed group interview method
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Interview process
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Advantages
Useful to obtain people perception,feelings,openionsHigh respondent rateOwn words are recordedDetailed questioning
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DisadvantagesTime consumingDifferent interviewers may understand differently
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Questionnaire
It is a self report paper and pencil instrument that a researcher asked to complete
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Formats of questions
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Dichotomous Multiple choice Cafeteria Rank orderContingencyRatingImportanceLikertBipolarmatrix
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GuidelinesGeneral pointsSequence of questionsConstruction of questions
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MethodsPostal phoneElectronicpersonal
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Advantages
Easy to analyseTime consumingReduce biasCost effective
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DisadvantagesNot suitable for allLow response rateProbbing not possibleChanse of interpretationCan lie
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Scales and other forms of self report methods
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Socio physiological scalesVignettesProjective techniquesQ sorts
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Socio physiological scalesComposite scales
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Likert scaleIt is a composite measure of attitudes that involve summation of score on set of itemsto which respondents are asked to indicate their disagreement or agreement
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UsesTo measure attitude values and feelings of people about specific concepts ,quantifying the qualitative attributes
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CharacteristicsPsychological measurement toolIllustrative in natureNeutral statementBipolar scaling methods
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Scoring
statement Strongly agree
Agree Uncertain
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Positive 5 4 3 2 1
Negative 1 2 3 4 5
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AdvantagesEasy to constructMore reliable and valuableEasy to administer
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DisadvantagesRespondent may feel force to answer Feeling of respondent is not fully assessed Casual approach providing misleading data
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Semantic differential scalesIt is a type of rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects ,events ,concepts (respondent attitude towards events)
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UsesPatient satisfaction surveyEmployee surveyMarketing surveyPersonality measurement
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DesignBipolar adjective pairs are used This adjectives are selected according to the survey
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EvaluationGood-bad Kind –cruelWise –foolishPotencyHard-softHeavy –lightLarge-smallActivityActive-passiveFast –slowBright-dim
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AdvantagesEasy to administerProvide reasonable valid reliable data .Convenient method
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DisadvantagesDifficult to select the adjective pairsTime consuming
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CURE
1 2 3 4 5 6 DEATH
NO PUNISHMENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 PUNISHMENT
To asess the belief about HIV?
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VISUAL ANALOGOUS SCALEDEFINITIONVISUAL ANALOGOUS SCALE IS A TOOL USED TO HELP A PERSON TO RATE THE INTENSITY OF SENSATION AND FEELINGS
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NO PAIN WORST PAIN
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USESTO MEASURE PAIN, ANXIETY, MOODTO MEAURE ALERTNESS AND QUALITY OF SLEEP TO CHOOSE RIGHT DOSE OF MEDICINE FOR RATING SOFT VARIABLES SKILLS,CONFIDENCE QUALITY
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ADVANTAGES IT IS RELIABLE AND VALIDQUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE PHENOMENON
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DISADVANTAGESCOMPARISON NOT POSSIBILEINCREASE OF FEELINGS CANOT MEAUREDHIGHLY SUBJECTIVE
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