Download - R Unit 13 EarlyLifeInTheTewaWorld
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UNIT 13
EARLY LIFE IN THE TEWA WORLD
Objectives:Students will understand how important the natural world was for the
Ancestral Tewa people.
Students will learn why it is important to respect the plants and the
animals that live in their communities.
Students will understand the importance of domestication of plants
and animals for the Ancestral Tewa people.
Students will become skilled at observation and inference.
Subjects: Science, Social Studies, Math, Language Arts.
Time:Two - four class periods.
Mateia!s:
opy for students!Feather Anatomystudent information sheet "#$ -
%&,Maize: Sacred Grain of the Americasstudent information sheet "#$ - '&,
Ancestral Pueblo Farming Methods- Drawings student activity sheet "#$ -
##&, Ancestral Pueblo Farming Methods- a!tions student activity sheet "#$
- #(&,Pueblo Foods: An "nduring #raditionstudent information sheet "#$ -
#$&, Grandmother$s Storystudent information sheet "#$ - #)&.*rom the trunk! %ld Father Storytellerby +ablita elarde, oyote
#alesby velyn ahl /eed,&n My Mother$s 'ouseby Ann 0olan lark,
+etroglyph(ational Monument #eacher)s Guide,turkey feathers, pinto and
Anasa1i beans, dried corn kernels, dried corn on the cob, paper
plates or +etri dishes, photographs of the petroglyphs, other
curriculum guides. Magnifying loupes may be checked out
from Mesa +rieta +etroglyph +ro2ect office.
*rom the teacher! writing, construction and copy paper,
pencils.*or the teacher! /esource materials! orn teacher resource sheet "#$ -
3&, A orny 4ame teacher resource sheet "#$ - #5-#%&. AlsoAncestral
Pueblo Peo!le of *andelier, A Guide for +th Grade #eachers, is available
from ecinos library and online at
http!66www.nps.gov6band6forteachers6fourth-grade-lesson-plans.htm.
7nteractive posterAdobe and Maize: At 'ome with (ature at 'u!obi
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Pueblo, available online at
http!66www.blm.gov6education699:resources6articles6hupobi6inde;.html.
"#cabu!a$:
A%icu!tue & *arming. The process of cultivating the soil, raising
crops and animals.
A'asa(i & The 0ava2o name for the Ancestral +ueblo people.
Ai) & ry. An arid land gets very little rain.
D#mesticati#' & The process of developing of plants and animals that
can be cared for by people and become dependent on people.
*ai' & ried seeds of a cereal grasses.
*i) %a)e' & A farming techni
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$. ;plain that the students will be observing real turkey feathers. 7f
they havent used magnifying loupes before, demonstrate how to
use them. *or information on how to care for loupes, see 8nit (-#,
Geology of Mesa Prieta.
). +ass out a loupe or hand lens and feather to
each pair of students. As one student observes
the feather, the other student writes down the
observations. Then they switch. Bith the
feather between them, the students draw the
feather "like a scientist&.
C. iscuss the parts of a feather and the different
types of feathers. +ass out student handout with parts of feather
labeled and ask students to label their drawing.
5. emonstrate how feather veins are like 1ippers by separating two
veins and then 1ippingthem back together. Bhy is
this feature an important
adaptationD "*irds only
molt once a year. /sing its
bill, a bird is able to re!air
damaged feathers with this
feature.&
%. /ead other stories that
involve animals from%ld Father Storyteller andoyote #ales
from the &ndian Pueblos.
Activit$ -:
#. Erainstorm or webbing! Ask the students to share all that they
know about corn. "0eiew #eacher &nformation Sheet "#$-3&.
(. 4ive each student a kernel of corn to look at with a magnifying
loupe or hand lens. Fave the students write down their
observations and draw the kernel. Bhile they are engaged, pass
around an ear of dried corn for the students to look at.
$. +ass out the student information sheetMaize: Sacred Grain of theAmericas"#$-' G #9& and read it as a class.
). /eview the reading by asking
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the !eo!le were eating a healthy diet.&Bhat did the +ueblo women
use to grind the cornD 1A metate and mano.& Fow is corn used in a
sacred way by the +ueblo peopleD "#hey use corn meal and corn
!ollen when they are !raying and they use the whole corn ear in
corn dances.3 Fow can we show respect for the cornD "*y thaning
the corn in our hearts for all of the good food that it gies us.&
C. Ancestral +ueblo *arming Methods! ;plain to the students that
the Ancestral +ueblo farmers developed different ways to capture
and retain moisture. This was very important in an arid
environment. Show the students the posterAdobe and Maizeand
discuss. +ass out the student activity sheets!Ancestral Pueblo
Farming Methods- Drawings and a!tions, 145-44 - 463. As a
class, look at each drawing and read the caption. Fave the students
make booklets by cutting out the drawings and thecaptions and
gluing them onto the pages of a book that they make out ofconstruction paper. olor the pictures.
5. Assessment! Ask the students to write a short essay describing how
they would grow corn if they were an Ancestral +ueblo farmer.
%. ;tension activities may be found inPetrogly!h (ational
Monument 7 #eachers Guide,Lessons #( and #$ pp. C9-59H
8ee!ers of the "arth,hapter #5, pp. #$%-#)C, or see photocopies
at the end of this unit.
Activit$ 3:
#. Ask the students if they or their family eat pinto beans. Tell them
that the Ancestral +ueblo people raised
corn, beans and s
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the body with more nutrition than if eaten separately. Eetter
nutrition leads to healthier bodies, population growth and larger
communities.
(. +ass out paper plates or +etri dishes, pinto and Anasa1i beans and
magnifying loupes to pairs of students. Ask them to observe and
record the same way they did with the turkey feather. Ask them to
compare and contrast the beans using a chart or enn diagram.
Then draw and label the two types of beans.
$. Teacher readsPueblo Foods: An "nduring #raditionstudent
information sheet, "#$-#$& to the class. Then have the students read
Grandmother)s Story, 145-4+3.iscuss the similarities and
differences between +ueblo and Fispanic traditions.
). ;tension #!A orny Game teacher resource sheet, "#$-#5 G #%&.
C. ;tension (! Fave the students sprout and grow corn, beans and
sBhy do you think they made bird petroglyphsD? "Maybe to honor
the bird, to as for its !rotection or !ower, etc. #hese answers are
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all inferences.&
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U'it 134 Ea!$ Lie i' t,e Te5a W#!)
MAI6E: SA/RED *RAIN OF THE AMERI/AS
stu)e't i'#mati#' s,eet
Fow many of you en2oy
eating popcorn, corn on the cob,
posole or cornbreadD Be can thank
the native people of Me;ico and the
Ancestral +ueblo people of the
Southwest for the development of
corn. orn was originally called
mai1e "ma=1 in Spanish& but today
we call it corn, and its scientificname is=ia mays.
About 5,(C9
years ago the early
people who lived in the
mountains of southern
Me;ico discovered that
the seeds of a special
grass called Te#si'tecould beroasted and popped like our popcorn.
They began to take care of these
plants and gradually developed
larger ears and many varieties of
mai(e. The seeds were dried and
stored for planting in the spring and
for times of drought. This was the
beginning of the )#mesticati#'of
corn.
As early as $C99 years ago,
mai1e reached the southwest as thenative people traded with each other.
@ver hundreds of years these early
farmers developed mai1e seeds that
grew on even larger cobs and were
many different colors.
A%icu!tuedeveloped as
more families came together in large
s and needed more food to eat. The
Ancestral +ueblo farmers also
domesticated beans and s (a?uitz ae, Me@ico.#he bottom cob is about 4 in. long. 1From
Pi!erno and Flannery, 643
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s
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U'it 134 Ea!$ Lie i' t,e Te5a W#!)
AN/ESTRAL 8UE2LO FARMIN* METHODS& /A8TIONS
Stu)e't Activit$ S,eet
/,ec7 Dams: heck dams were built across arroyos. They were used to catch
the soil and slow down the water which reduces erosion. Many different crops
were planted behind the dams.
Li'ea 2#)es: Linear borders were low lines of stones built across hills. Soil
that was washed down the hillside was caught behind the borders and became agood place to plant.
*i) *a)e's: 4rid gardens were similar to waffle gardens but had walls
made of stones rather than mud. They were much larger than waffle gardens
and were probably used to grow corn and beans.
*ave! Mu!c,e) Fie!)s! Mulch is any material that is placed on top of soil tohold the moisture in. The Ancestral +ueblo farmers often mulched their grid
gardens with gravel and small stones. This reduced the wind and water erosion
as well as holding in the moisture.
Ii%ati#': 7rrigation was used to bring water from a stream or river to the
fields. They did this by digging ditches from the stream or river to the fields.
They blocked the ditch when they wanted the water to stop.
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U'it 134 Ea!$ Lie i' t,e Te5a W#!)
AN/ESTRAL 8UE2LO FARMIN* METHODS& DRAWIN*S
Stu)e't Activit$ S,eet
rawings by /o;anne Swent1ell, fromIBater Farvesting Traditions in the
esert Southwest,I by Joel 4lan1berg,
+ermaculture esign Journal, 0o. (9,August #''), pp. 3-#(.
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U'it 134 Ea!$ Lie i' t,e Te5a W#!)
8UE2LO FOODS: AN ENDURIN* TRADITION
Stu)e't I'#mati#' S,eet
by r. 4regory a2ete
Traditional foods have been very
important to +ueblo people for a long
time. Traditional foods connect the
+ueblo people to their land, to their
community and to their traditional way
of life. +ueblo people have lived in theSouthwest for ten thousand years.
uring this time they have gotten their
foods by hunting, gathering and
gardening. *or the +ueblo people, food
was not 2ust a way to survive. *ood was
special and sacred. *oods like corn are
sacred in +ueblo traditions. Iorn is
who we are,I is a phrase used by some
+ueblo elders. 7t captures the way
+ueblo people feel about theimportance of corn.
7n +ueblo tradition, corn is a symbol of
how the people have survived in the
Southwest environment. orn, along
with deer, elk, buffalo and other wild
game, represents the plants and animals
that have given life to the +ueblo
people. This special life-giving
relationship is celebrated in +uebloplanting, harvesting and rain dances.
These ceremonies are done in a yearly
cycle that represents how the earth
gives life. Easket weaving and making
pots are also part of the traditional
IwayI to show respect for the life-
giving force of food.
7n the last few generations, the
traditional +ueblo way of life has
changed. Some of these changes have
taken place because +ueblo people have
had to adapt to the stresses of Imodern
life.I ... These changes in the traditional
way of life have brought about diseases
like diabetes and heart disease.
0ow that some +ueblo people have
seen what these changes have done to
the health and well being of their
communities, they are going back to
traditional ways. They are going back
to traditional foods and becoming more
active. They are looking back to +ueblo
traditions so they can make wise
choices and become stronger.
This reading was adapted from
I7ndigenous *oods, 7ndigenous Fealth! A
+ueblo +erspectiveI from! Fealth,0utrition and Traditional *oods, a2ete, et
al., Fealth /esource enter of 0ew
Me;ico - #''3.
"Adapted fromCife on the 0io Grande: A
Diabetes "ducation urriculum, Grades
5- . Ana onsuelo and Associates, Santa*e, 0M, n.d., p. C&
r. 4regory a2ete is from Santa lara
+ueblo and is a professor at the 8niversityof 0ew Me;ico.
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U'it 134 Ea!$ Lie i' t,e Te5a W#!)
*RANDMOTHER9S STORY Stu)e't I'#mati#' S,eet
This is my
4randmother, Lucy ata. Be livein San Juan +ueblo. She hasdiabetes. iabetes runs in our
family. My 4randpa had it too.
My 4randmother got diabetes
when she was fifty years old. She
is seventy years old now and sheKs
still going strong. She learned to
take care of her diabetes. My
4randmother says she doesnKtwant us to get diabetes. She wants
us to be healthy and strong.
My 4randmother tells us stories
about how things used to be. She
says that a long time ago, 0ative
people didnKt have diabetes. They
lived a healthy life. They worked
in the fields, hunted and gatheredtheir foodH they took care of their
animals, chased after children andwalked everywhere. The foods
they ate were healthy and fresh.
0ow, modern life has changed theway 0ative people live. They
donKt work with their hands and
bodies as much as they did before.
They donKt chase the children
because the children are watching
T. They donKt walk everywhere
because they drive their cars.Another thing that has changed is
the way 0ative people eat. 7nstead
of eating fresh food that they have
grown or traded for, they might
eat too much food that comes in
cans or bags. Some people call it
2unk food. They might eat stuff
with too much fat, sugar and salt.
4randmother says things have
changed. 7tKs not the Igood olddaysI anymore.
Bhen 4randmother found out she
had diabetes, she went to a doctor
and a wise medicine man. They
both said the same thing. ITry to
go back to the way it was in the
Kgood old days.K 4o back to the
way your ancestors used to live.Take the new but donKt leave the
old ways behind.I
So my 4randmother started
changing back to the way it was.
She doesnKt eat 2unk food
anymore, only once in a while.
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She eats healthy meals that
include meat, vegetables, grains
and fruit. She walks to her
neighborKs house instead of taking
the car. She goes to the doctor andgets medicine and checks her
diabetes.
The grandchildren can help too.Bhen we come home from
school, we tell her, ILetKs go for a
walk, 4randmaNI Be walk in the
fields sometimes. Sometimes we
go by the river and she tells us
stories about how things used to
be... Iin the good old days.I
"Adapted fromCife on the 0io Grande: A
Diabetes "ducation urriculum, Grades
5-. Ana onsuelo and Associates, Santa*e, 0M, n.d., p. #5.&
The people of San Juan +ueblo now use
its Tewa name, @hkay @wingeh.
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