Download - Quality Plans
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Quality
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Quality is the degree to which a set ofinherent characteristics fulfils requirements.
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Traditional approaches to quality
y The inspection process does not itself add value.
y The production of substandard product is a waste of
resources.
yInspection department takes up expensive land andwarehousing space.
y Not compatible with just in time, where there is no time for
inspection.
y Working capital is tied up.
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Quality management systems
Quality management system is the organizational structure for
responsibilities, activities, resources and events that together
provide procedures and methods of implementation to ensure the
capability of an organisation to meet quality requirements.
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Quality assurance and quality control
Quality control is the part of quality management focused on
fulfilling quality requirements.
Quality assurance is the part of quality management focused on
providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.
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Quality plans Project plansIn tandem with
project deliverables.
allocation of staff. timescales of the project.
the frame work within which the
work will be accomplished.
Given by the project manager
or project management team
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Project manager must ensure that allproject staff are aware of the existence,
purpose and content of the Project Quality
plan.
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Quality plan contentsy Introduction.
y Project overview.
y Glossary of terms.
y Product requirement.
y Project organisation.
yMonitoring and reporting procedures.
y Development life cycles.
y Quality assurance.
y .Testing
y Quality documentation.
y Procurement.
y Sub contractors.
y Non-conformance.
y Change management.
y Configuration management.
y Risk management.
y Delivery.
Passport to success
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Quality plan contents
The introduction should include a definition of the purpose of a ProjectQuality Plan and how it fits into the planning and management of a project. It
should also indicate whether the plan is part of the contractual requirement
and, if so, how this has influenced the content and format of the plan.
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Quality plan contents
This section contains a general description of the project including the client,
the objectives and the major deliverables of the project.
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Quality plan contents
The glossary provides definitions of general terms with particular meanings
used in the plan and any terms specific to the project. This enables thereader to correctly interpret the contents of the Project Quality Plan.
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Quality plan contents
This is a description of the work to be carried out with a list of times scales,
deliverables and project milestones with appropriate references to relevantspecifications. The description of the work may include areas such as
performance criteria, security requirements, legal constraints and client
standards.
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Quality plan contents
This section details the organisation and management of the project,
specifying management roles (with named individuals) and theirresponsibilities. This might include:
contact points for technical information within the client organisation
required resources and their origin (departments, sub-contractors etc).
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Quality plan contents
This section is a description of the procedures that will be in place forplanning, monitoring and controlling the project. This will cross-reference
project standards that define how the plans will be constructed and
presented, how progress will be monitored and slippage addressed and the
frequency and contents of project reports.
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Quality plan contents
This section will describe the main project phases of systems development,with details of the :
start criteria for the phase standards, methods and procedures to be used
in the phase
test, inspection and review procedures for the phase phase completion
criteria.
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Quality plan contents
Quality Assurance (QA) is concerned with reviewing the project work as itprogresses. It aims to discover errors as early in the project lifecycle as
possible. Reviews may be:
. self-checking
peer-to-peer review
subject to formal project review subject to formal external review.
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Quality plan contents
The dynamic testing phases (unit testing, system testing, user acceptancetesting etc) will be defined in this section.
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Quality plan contents
It is important that the results of quality assurance and testing are
documented so that quality management can be verified as rigorous and
avoid inadvertent repetition. A simple process may be used, where for each
quality check a form is completed showing:
. review date deliverable(s) reviewed or tested
reviewer(s) description of errors found
action point(s) for error correction
severity of error.
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Quality plan contents
The project may require certain products (for example, hardware) to be
purchased, rather than developed. A process must be defined for effectiveprocurement. This process will include:
the purchasing policy
the system for supplier selection and evaluation
the goods inspection methods).
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Quality plan contents
The project may require that certain parts of the systems development are
sub-contracted to a separate organisation. This section will describe:
details of sub-contracts
the system for sub-contractor selection and evaluation
how work will be distributed to sub-contractors
how sub-contract work is monitored and quality checked
acceptance procedures for work produced by the sub-contractor.
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Quality plan contents
The project may have to purchase goods and services that do not conformto the quality requirements of the project. This section will describe how they
will be dealt with.
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Quality plan contents
Describes the procedures to document and control changes to the scope of
the project. This will include the system for logging change requests, the
method of impact analysis and gaining and documenting the
authorization/approval to apply the change.
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Quality plan contents
Risk management is concerned with identifying potential problems andeliminating or reducing the damage the realization of those risks would
cause. Risk assessment and management must be conducted at the start of
the project and also throughout the project lifecycle to ensure that risks are
understood and controlled.
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Quality plan contents
This section specifies the arrangements for handling, delivering andinstalling the deliverables defined in the Product Requirement section of the
Project Quality Plan.
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Capability Maturity Model Integration
(CMMI)
CMMI is a process improvement approach that provides organizations with
the means to deliver its projects, products and services to the required level of
quality.
CMMI defines five levels of capability maturity that an organisation may attain
in the efficiency and completeness of its working practices.
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Six Sigma is a quality management system (developed by Motorola)
aimed at systematically improving processes as a metric for
measuring defects and improving quality.
Six sigma
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The main Six Sigma methodology takes the form of specificimprovement projects that follow a standard five-phase pattern (DMAIC).
These are used to improve an existing business process.
(a) Define the process improvement goals that are consistent with
customer demands and enterprise strategy.
(b) Measure the current process and collect relevant data for future
comparison.(c) Analyze to verify relationship and causality of factors. Determine
what the relationship is, and attempt to ensure that all factors have
been considered.
(d) Improve or optimize the process based upon the analysis using
techniques like Design of Experiments.
(e) Control to ensure that any variances are corrected before theyresult in defects. Set up pilot runs to establish process capability,
transition to production and thereafter continuously measure the process
and institute control mechanisms.
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Six Sigma requires effective organisation, including the following key
elements
(a) Steering committee nominate process areas for improvement.
(b) Each process area will constitute a separate project and will have its own SixSigma project team. The project team will be made up of staff
experienced in the process under review. For smaller scale projects, they
will be the staff actually operating the process.
(c) Project leaders run the project teams and hold varying grades of
qualification, these are:
Master Black Belt: First and foremost teachers, who alsoreview and mentor. They are especially skilled in the
statistical techniques involved and will contribute to several
projects simultaneously.
Black Belt: Leaders of teams responsible for measuring,
analyzing, improving and controlling key processes that
influence customer satisfaction and/or productivity growth.Black Belts are full-time positions.
Green Belt: Similar to Black Belt but not a full-time
position, they retain other responsibilities alongside Six
Sigma.
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