Download - Plant divisions gymnosperms and angiosperms
Plant Divisions
Vascular seed plants
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1.Seed plants vascular tissue
2.Plant grows from a seed
3.Seed – reproductive part of a plant that contains a plant embryo and stored food
4.Two groups of seed plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Seed plants with cones1. Gymnosperms – vascular plants that
produce seeds on the scales of female cones
a. Gymnosperm means “naked seed” – not protected by a fruit
b. No flowers
c. Needle like or scale like leaves
Four divisions of gymnosperms1. Conifers 2. Cycads
3. Gingkoes 4. Gnetophytes
Conifers:
1. Biggest division of gymnosperms
2. Evergreens – green all year
3. Importance: They are used to make…
– Paper
– Wood for building construction
– A waxy residue is used in soap, paint, varnish and some medicine
Life cycle of Gymnosperms:
1. Trees produce male and female conesa. Female cones have two ovules on scale (egg cells)
a. Male cones produce pollen grains (sperm cells)
b. Wind scatters pollen grains
2. Pollination – transfer of pollen from male structure to female structure
3. If ovules is fertilized, a seed is formed
4. Seeds grow into new trees
1. Angiosperms – Plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit
a. Angiosperm – Greek meaning seed in a vessel
b. Seed develops in an ovary
2. All have flowers – reproductive structure of angiosperm
D. Seed plants with Flowers
Structure of Flowers
StamenAnther
FilamentPistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
PetalSepal
Structures of Flowers
1. Petals – the colorful structures that you see when flowers open
2. Sepals – leaf like structures that protect the flower if it is still a bud
3. Stamens – the male reproductive partsa. Thin stalk with small knobs (anther) at the topb. Thin stalk is called a filament
4. Pistils – female reproductive partsa. Center of flower (ovary)b. Stigma – sticky tip of the pistilc. Style – slender tube connects the stigma to the
ovary at bottom of pistil
Life cycle of Angiosperms
1. Pollen falls on the stigmaa. Pollination occurs by wind, insects, or birds
2. Sperm fertilizes egg in ovary
3. Zygote develops in the embryo part of the seed
4. Ovary changes to a fruit – an ovary that enclose the seeds
Fruit = Ovaries
Angiosperms
1. Most common plants on Earth
2. Importance:a. Form the basis for the diets of most
animals
b. Produce medicines, rubber, oil, perfume, and pesticides.
Types of Angiosperms
1. Monocots – seeds with only one seed leaves
a. Grasses, corn, lilies and tulips
b. Three petals or multiples of three petals
c. Long, slender leaves with veins that run parallel
d. Vascular tissue scattered throughout stem
2. Dicots – seeds with two seed leaves
a. Roses, violets and dandelions
b. Oak and maple trees, beans and apples
c. Four or five petals on flowers (or multiples)
d. Leaves are wide with branched veins
e. Vascular tissue arranged in a circle
Seed leaf stem flower
Questions:1. How are gymnosperms and angiosperms
similar?2. List the parts of a typical flower.3. What are the three characteristics of many
gymnosperms? 4. What are the two types of angiosperms?
5. What are the two characteristics of angiosperms?
Seed plants, vascular plants
Stamen, pistil, petals, leaves
Cones, needle like or scale like leaves, seed plants
Monocots and dicots
Flowers and fruit, seed plants, vascular tissue