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Pilot Scale Membrane BioreactorStudy at King County
Amanda McInnis Bob BucherSusan Anderson J.B. Neethling
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King County Water Reuse Pilot Facilities
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MBR Trains
Headworks Disinfect•Class A•All streams
Membrane BioReactor (nitrification only)
Headworks Disinfect
•Class A•All streams•All groundwater
Membrane BioReactor (BNR)
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MBR Trains
Headworks Disinfect
•Class A•Wetlands•All streams•All groundwater
•All lakes
MBR (nitrification)
Reverse Osmosis
Headworks Disinfect
•Class A•Wetlands•All streams•All groundwater
•All lakes
MBR (BNR)
Reverse Osmosis
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Conventional Treatment
Aeration Basin
RAS
Influent
Secondary Clarifier
MLSS
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What Is a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)?
Aeration Basin Membrane Tank
Vacuum Pump
RAS=MLSS
Influent
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Presentation Overview
• Study overview• Turbidity removal• Peaking performance• Membrane Cleaning• Nitrogen Removal• Phosphorous Removal• Coliform removal• Operation at Low SRT
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MBR 3D View
Permeate
RAS/WAS
Membrane Cassette
Mixed Liquor
Diffusers
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System Schematic
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Pilot Study Overview Process
Goal Actual
Aerobic TSA
(days)
Actual Total TSA
(days)
Average Flow (gpm)
Average Flux * (gfd)
Relax mode or
Backpulse mode
N/dN -- -- 5.4 11.7 Relax 8/29-9-13
Backpulse 9/14
N/dN 10.0 -- 5.3 11.5 Backpulse N/dN 10.0 15.0 7.4 16.1 Backpulse
11/16-12/2 Relax 12/3
N/dN -- -- 5.5 12.0 Relax N/dN 5.6 8.5 5.5 12.0 Relax N/dN -- -- 5.5 12.0 Relax Bio-P -- -- 5.5 12.0 Relax Bio-P 6.1 7.4 7.8 16.9 Relax
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Process Overview
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
8/31 9/14 9/28 10/12 10/26 11/9 11/23 12/7 12/21 1/4 1/18 2/1 2/15 3/1 3/15
mg/
L
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
days
MLSS-Aerobic Tank Total TSA Aerobic TSA
Phase 3aPhase 1c
Phase 2a
Startup Phase 1a
Phase 1b Phase 3bPhase 2b
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Turbidity Performance
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
8/31 9/14 9/28 10/12 10/26 11/9 11/23 12/7 12/21 1/4 1/18 2/1 2/15 3/1 3/15
ntu
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
gfd
Effluent Turbidity Temperature Corrected Flux (20 deg C)
Phase 3aPhase 1c
Phase 2a
Startup Phase 1a
Phase 1b Phase 3bPhase 2b
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Turbidity Performance
• Produced consistently low (<0.02 NTU) effluent turbidities, even under peak flow conditions.
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4-hour Peaking Test
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM
mg/
L/in
Hg
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
NTU
Dissolved Oxygen Pressure Before Backpulse Pressure after Backpulse Turbidity
Turbidity Probe removed
6 gpm 9 gpm 8 gpm
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Peaking Performance• System operated for 22 days
at an avg flux of 20 gfd with effluent turbidity avg 0.02 NTU.
• The system responded well to (3) 4-hour peaking tests where flux was increased to >20 gfd.
• Effluent turbidities remained constant in the peaking tests with effluent turbidities 0.01 to 0.03 NTU.
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Membrane Cleaning
0
5
10
15
20
25
8/31 9/14 9/28 10/12 10/26 11/9 11/23 12/7 12/21 1/4 1/18 2/1 2/15 3/1 3/15
in H
g;gf
d
Pre-Backpulse/Relax Vacuum Post Backpulse/Relax Vacuum Temperature Corrected Flux (20 deg C)
Relax Mode
Backpulse Mode Relax Mode
Stopped Maintenance Cleans
PerformedMaintenance Clean
Performed Disinfection Clean 10/15
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Nitrogen RemovalProcess Goal Actual
Total TSA (days)
Average Flux (gfd)
Effluent NH4 (mg/L)
Effluent NO3 (mg/L)
-- 11.7 0.04 6.93
N/dN -- 11.5 0.03 7.90 N/dN 15.0 16.1 0.31 5.23 N/dN -- 12.0 0.40 5.88 N/dN 8.5 12.0 0.02 7.42 N/dN -- 12.0 0.02 9.37 Bio-P -- 12.0 0.02 8.52 Bio-P 7.4 16.9 0.34 9.53
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Phosphorous RemovalProcess Goal Actual
Total TSA (days)
Average Flux (gfd)
Effluent TP (mg/L)
Effluent Ortho-P (mg/L)
-- 11.7 3.64 2.90
N/dN -- 11.5 1.62 1.39 N/dN 15.0 16.1 0.52 0.97 N/dN -- 12.0 0.62 0.52 N/dN 8.5 12.0 0.73 0.72 N/dN -- 12.0 1.09 1.00 Bio-P -- 12.0 0.95 0.92 Bio-P 7.4 16.9 0.97 0.92
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Phosphorous Removal
• Unit was not designed for biological P removal.
• Did not meet removal goals
• No improvement in removal when process was modified for bio-P
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Coliform Removal
• During Start-up, effluent total Coliform concentrations were as high as 1.7 x 103
CFU/100 mL. • Effluent Coliform levels
dropped in later phases and no Coliform was detected for the remainder of the study.
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Operation at Low SRT
• The system operated successfully at a total SRT of 8 days and an aerobic SRT of 6 days for >3 months.
• The system did not have operation difficulties with high vacuum pressures
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Operation at Low SRT
• Complete ammonia removal (<0.02 mg/L)was achieved
• Low effluent turbidities (0.02 NTU average) were achieved during the low SRT period.
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Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Four months of operation
• Feed trials
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Reverse Osmosis (RO)Issue Pilot Experience
Performance TDS < 120 mg/L (>92%) TOC < 1.6 mg/L (83%) NH4-N < 0.02 mg/L (>90%) NO3-N < 0.2 mg/L (>97.5%) TP < 0.02 mg/L (>99%) Metals < MDL
Enhanced Treatment N/A
Startup Immediate
Unattended Operation Automatic/unattended
Flux 9 gfd
Footprint 2,000 to 5,000 sf/mgd
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Acknowledgement• King County Technology Assessment Program • West Point Treatment Plant Process Group• West Point Treatment Plant Process Laboratory• King County Environmental Laboratory• West Point Treatment Plant O & M Staff • King County Construction Management Staff• HDR (Bruce Willey, JB Neethling, Michael Norton)• B&V (Cindy Wallis-Lage)• Zenon Environmental, Inc.