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Physics of Electric Dipole Moments in Storage Rings
Yannis K. Semertzidis
Brookhaven National Lab
Frascati, 3 October 2005
•EDMs: What do they probe?•Experimental Technique•Physics of Hadronic EDMs
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Particles with Spin…
0d
+
-
dd
For a particle with a spin, only the EDMcomponent alongthe spin survives.
+
-
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A Permanent EDM Violates both T & P
Symmetries:
+
-
+
-T
+
-P
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A Permanent EDM Violates both T & P
Symmetries:
EdEdH
PEdH
EdEdH
EdH
T
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How about Induced EDMs?
EEdH
TOK
PEEdH
OK
Edd
EdH
1st order Stark effect. T, P Violation!
EEdH
2nd order Stark effect. Allowed!
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MDMs are Allowed…
BdH
BdBdH
T
PBdH
BdBdH
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T-Violation CP-Violation
CPT
Andrei Sakharov 1967:
CP-Violation is one of three conditions to enable a universe containing initially equal amounts of matter and antimatter to evolve into a matter-dominated universe, which we see today….
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EDM Searches are Excellent Probes of Physics Beyond the SM:
One CP-Violating Phase (CKM), Needs loops with all quark families for a non-zero result (High Order Effect). Predicts negligible values.
SM:
42 CP-Violating Phases, Needs one loop for a non-zero result (First Order Effect).
SUSY:
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Electric Dipole Moments in Storage Rings
• For P @ 10-28e·cm, D @ 10-29e·cm most models beyond the SM predict values within our sensitivity:
• SUSY
• Multi-Higgs
• Left-Right Symmetric …
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EDM in an Electric Field…
dsd E
dt
+ -E
+
-
d
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Precession of a Top in a Gravitational Field
SILL
mgl ,
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EdBdt
sd
Usual Experimental Method
Small Signal
Compare the Zeeman FrequenciesWhen E-field is Flipped:
dE421 +
-
TNEd
11
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Schiff Theorem:A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force……An Electron in a Neutral Atom Feels no Force Either:
0int EEE extTot
…Otherwise it Would be Accelerated…
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Neutron EDM Limits
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
50 60 70 80 90
Year
10^
-25
e-cm
Neutron EDM Vs Year
“…at 6 x 10-26 e cm, it is analogous to the Earth's surface being smooth and symmetric to less than 1 µm” (John Ellis).
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Schiff Theorem:A Charged Particle at Equilibrium Feels no Force……An Electron in a Neutral Atom Feels no Force Either. However:
int 0Tot extF qE qE Other Forces
…the net E-field is not zero!
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Current Atomic EDM Limits
• Paramagnetic Atoms, 205Tl: electron |de| < 1.610-27e·cm (90%CL)
PRL 88, 071805 (2002)
• Diamagnetic Atoms, 199Hg Nucleus: |d(199Hg)| < 2.110-28e·cm (95%CL)
PRL 86, 2505 (2001)
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EDM Status
Particle System Limit [ecm]
Electron 205Tl 1.510-27
Mercury 199Hg atom 210-28
Neutron Ultra-Cold n 510-26
Proton 199Hg atom 510-24
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Future Prospects:
• Neutron: Ultra-Cold Neutrons & Polarized 3He stored together in a superfluid 4He. Goal 50-1000, S.K. Lamoreaux et al.
• Electron: YbF Ultra-cold molecules. Goal ~1000, B.E. Sauer et al.
• Electron: PbO*, goal ~1000, D. DeMille et al.
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Neutron EDM at LANSCEAiming for a Factor of 50
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Electric Dipole Moments in Storage Rings
e.g. 1T corresponds to 300 MV/m! Goal: P @ ~10-28e·cm, D @ ~10-29e·cm
Buddt
sd
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Hadronic EDMs
8s
CPL GG
163.6 10 e cmn pd d
( ) NND n p Dd d d d
1610 e cmDd
i.e. @ 10-29ecm:1310
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A value of QCD =10-13 would create an EDM of
System EDM value
Proton 410-29ecm
Neutron -310-29ecm
Deuteron 110-29ecm
Tl atom 510-31ecm
Hg atom 110-32ecm
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cqd
Quark EM and Color EDMs
52c
CP q qq
iL q d F d G q
, 0.5 5.6 0.2c c c c cD q q u d u d u dd d d d d e d d e d d
, 0.7 0.25 0.55 0.5c c cn q q d u d ud d d d d e d d
cqd
i.e. Deuterons and neutrons are sensitiveto different linear combination of quarksand chromo-EDMs. Similarly with the proton.
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Deuteron (D) EDM at 310-
27ecm
Relative strength of various EDM limits as a function of left handed down squark mass (O. Lebedev, K. Olive, M. Pospelov and A. Ritz, PRD 70, 016003 (2004) hep-ph/0402023)
D EDM at ~10-29ecm
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Sensitivity to right-handed mass
“…
…”
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Sensitivity to right-handed mass
1.6 e 0.81 0.16c c cn u d sd d d d
38.7 10 e 0.005c c cHg u d sd d d d
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CEDMs for the down quark vs MN3
Deuteron sensitivityat 10-29 ecm
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Electric Dipole Moments in Storage Rings
• P @ 10-28e·cm, D @ 10-29e·cm would be the best EDM sensitivity over present or planned experiments for QCD, quark, and quark-chromo (T-odd Nuclear Forces) EDMs.
• P, D, 3He, etc., i.e. a facility to pin down the CP-violation source.
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EDM in Storage Rings
• STORI05 Nuclear Physics in Storage Rings workshop, Bonn/Germany, May 2005
• Frascati/Rome, workshop dedicated to EDM in Storage Rings, 1-11 October, 2005
• “Flavour in the Era of the LHC”, EDM presentation, 7-11 November, 2005
• Letter of Intent on the resonance method by the end of 2005.
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Extra Slides
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S. Lamoreaux at “Lepton Moments”
E=5MV/m,T=108s
R&D
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Cost of the n-EDM Experiment at LANSCE
• $10M for the experimental apparatus
• $9M for the Beamline
• R&D?
• Total $19M plus R&D