Download - Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:
![Page 1: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CovalentBond
CovalentBond
Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms
Water’s Molecular Structure:
![Page 3: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Polar Covalent Bonds:A covalent molecule that has a slight positiveand negative charge on opposite ends.Example:
Water
*in a polar covalent bond, one atom is moreelectronegative than the other.
Electronegativitythe tendency for an atom to attract electrons
![Page 4: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solubility•Polar charges attract it to other polar molecules
•sugars, ionic compounds (like salt), and some proteins
•Not attracted to nonpolar substances like lipids (fats)
http://www.questacon.edu.au/html/squad_activities/assets/images/oil-and-water.jpg
![Page 5: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hydrogen Bonds:•Weak, polar covalent bonds.•Form rapidly and break rapidly
Example:Between water molecules
H-Bonding explains unique properties: cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, evaporative cooling, the low density of ice, the ability of water to dissolve many substances
![Page 6: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
http://www.realeyz.com/photo/macro/photos/leaf_drops.jpg
CohesionMolecules of the same substance are attracted to each other
•Leads to surface tension and water droplets
![Page 7: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AdhesionAttraction between molecules of different substances
Ex: glass and water
http://staff.um.edu.mt/rlib1/sm/wpe32.jpg
CapillarityAttraction that causes the surface of the liquid to rise when in contact with a solid.
![Page 8: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cohesion-Adhesion Theory
-As water evaporates from leaves, it tugs on the water molecules below-Cohesion and adhesion pull water up and replace missing water molecules-Water enters the roots by osmosis
www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../BioBookPLANTHORM.html
Did you ever wonder: How does water move from roots to leaves when a tree doesn’t have a heart to pump the water?
![Page 9: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Denisty of Ice•Most solids are more dense than their liquids
•This makes solids sink
•Ice is less dense than liquid water
•Due to H-Bonds•Important to life because bodies of water freeze top down•Allows life to survive below
http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/images/Iceberg.jpg
![Page 10: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms Water’s Molecular Structure:](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649ec45503460f94bcf0fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
pH ScaleMeasurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions
Acid:High concentration of [H+](or hydronium ion);low conc. of [OH-]
Base:High [OH-](a.k.a. hydroxide ion);low [H+]
pH = -log [H+]
Stomach Acid = pH 2