Download - Our English Heritage Notes
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Our English Heritage
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Learning Target
I can evaluate the extent to which our government, & the men who wrote our Constitution, were influenced by their experiences with the British government & its history.
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Time Line of British History
1066
William the Conqueror becomes KingIntroduces the feudal system
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THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
• Introduced to England by William the Conqueror
• Introduced in the year 1066
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THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups:1. RoyaltyIncludes the monarch (king or queen) and his/her family
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THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups:
2. NobilityLords and ladies who held titles such as earl, duke, baron Worked for the King so he could rule
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THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
Under the feudal system, the people of England belonged to one of the three following groups:3. Common PeopleIncluded serfs & peasants
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Time Line of British History
10661215
King John signs the Magna Carta
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THE MAGNA CARTA
• Translates as the Great Charter• Signed by King John of England• Signed in the year 1215
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THE MAGNA CARTA
The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas:
1. Limited GovernmentThere are limits to the powers of both the king & his nobles.
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THE MAGNA CARTA
The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas:
2. Rule of LawLaws exist, & all citizens must obey them. The king is not above the law.
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THE MAGNA CARTA
The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas:
3. TaxationThe king cannot increase taxes without the “consent of the realm.”
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THE MAGNA CARTA
The Magna Carta was a major step in the growth of English constitutional government. It contained 4 important ideas:
4. Trial by JuryThe guilt or innocence of a citizen accused of a crime will be decided by a jury of his peers.
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THE MAGNA CARTA
It is important to remember that most people in England were not a part of this agreement. Men who owned property were given far more rights than other people. Men without property, women, & children had fewer rights. However, the Magna Carta was an important step in establishing a constitutional government.
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Time Line of British History
William the Conqueror becomes KingIntroduces the Feudal System
10661215
King John signs the Magna Carta
Meeting of the Model Parliament
1295
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THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT
• Parliament comes from the French word parler, meaning to talk
• Met in the year 1295
• Called for by Edward I
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THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT
Parliament was made up of two houses which represented the most powerful groups in the kingdom:
1. House of LordsRepresented the nobility
2. House of CommonsRepresented the non-noble property owners
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THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT
Eventually, Parliament became so important that it was able to act without the king’s support. The struggle for ultimate power in England’s government came to a head in the 1600s when the Stuart kings & their Parliaments fought over a variety of issues including money, religion, & foreign policy.
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THE RISE OF PARLIAMENT
At the heart of these struggles was a key constitutional issue:
Can kings act independently?
OR
Must they wait for Parliament's consent?
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Time Line of British History
William the Conqueror becomes KingIntroduces the Feudal System
10661215
King John signs the Magna Carta
Meeting of the Model Parliament
12951628
Charles I signs the Petition of Right
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THE PETITION OF RIGHT
• Signed by King Charles I
• Signed in the year 1628
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The Petition of Right strengthened the idea that English subjects enjoyed certain fundamental rights that no government can deny.
THE PETITION OF RIGHT
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Time Line of British History
William the Conqueror becomes KingIntroduces the Feudal System
10661215
King John signs the Magna Carta
Meeting of the Model Parliament
12951628
Charles I signs the Petition of Right
1678
Charles II signs the Habeas Corpus Act
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THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT
• Translates as “to have the body”• Adopted in the year 1678
A writ a habeas corpus orders the government to…
…deliver the person it has arrested to a court & to explain why the arrest was made.
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The struggle between the King & Parliament eventually resulted in a bloodless revolution known as the Glorious Revolution. As a result, King James II was overthrown & forced to flee the country.
THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
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THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
• Who took the king’s place? William & Mary
• In what year? 1688
• What was the condition of their succession?English Bill of Rights
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The English Bill of Rights established and/or reinforced several important constitutional principles:
THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
1. Government by consent & contract
2. Rule of Law
3. Trial by Jury
4. Parliamentary Supremacy
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
William the Conqueror
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
King John
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Elizabeth I
Charles I
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Charles I
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
William & Mary
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Evolution of English Monarchy
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Elizabeth II