Download - National Diabetes Awareness Day
What is Diabetes?
When you eat, your body breaks food down into glucose. Glucose is a type of sugar that is your body’s main source of energy.
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What is Diabetes?
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As blood glucose rises, the body sends a signal to the pancreas, which releases insulin.
What is Diabetes?
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Acting as a key, insulin binds to a place on the cell wall, unlocking the cell so glucose can pass into it. There, most of the glucose is used for energy right away.
What is Diabetes?
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Blood glucose goes up and down throughout the day: § As your blood
glucose rises (after a meal), the
pancreas releases insulin.
What is Diabetes?
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Your cells don’t use insulin properly. The insulin can’t fully “unlock” the cells to allow glucose to enter (insulin resistance). Insulin is either not being made adequately or not used adequately
Your pancreas may not produce enough insulin (insulin deficiency).
TYPE I DIA
BETES
TYPE
II D
IAB
ETES
10% of Canadians
Runs in families, other risk factors unclear
Unpredictable or preventable
Diagnosis in children or teens
Insulin injection is essential
Type I
90% of Canadians
Runs in families, but there are other known risk factors*
Diagnosis often over 40
Insulin is an option but not essential. Disease also managed with diet and exercise
Type II
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Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes…
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§ Overweight (abdominal obesity) § 45 years or older § Physically inactive § Have a parent or sibling with type 2
diabetes. § African or Native or Hispanic
American, or Pacific Islander § Abnormal cholesterol levels § Have had diabetes during pregnancy,
or given birth to a baby >9 lbs § High blood pressure
Classic Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Blurred vision
Fatigue
Hunger
Urinating in the middle of the night
Feeling of thirst
Frequent urination
Weight loss 8
Diagnosing Diabetes
Random blood sugar
• ≥ 11.1mmol/L • Plus classic
Symptoms
Fasting blood sugar
• ≥ 7 mmol/L • No calorie
intake for 8 hours
2-hours after 75g
sugar load
• ≥ 11.1 mmol/L 9
Diagnosing Diabetes
10 Less than 5.55 mmol/L normal
5.55 to 6.99 mmol/L pre-diabetes
7 mmol/L or greater diabetes
Fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) results
Normal Pre-diabetes* Diabetes
Blood Sugar Targets for Type I and II Diabetics
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Pre-meal or fasting: 4-7 mmol/L
2 hours post-meal: 5-10mmol/L
(5-8mmol/L if A1C not met)
A1c: ≤7%
ABC’s of Diabetes Management
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A1c
Cholesterol Blood Pressure
HbA1c: the blood test with a memory
Hemoglobin is a protein that makes your red blood cells red-colored.
When hemoglobin picks up glucose from your bloodstream, it becomes ‘glycosylated’ (known as HbA1c). The HbA1c test measures % HbA1c in your blood—a number that corresponds to your average blood glucose for the previous 6 months
A1C is a measurement of your average blood glucose control for the last 2 – 3 months and approximately 50%
of the value comes from the last 30 days. 13
HbA1c and Blood Levels
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Blood Pressure • The force of your blood against
the blood vessel walls
• Recommended target for diabetics is ≤130/80 mm Hg
Top number = pressure when your heart contracts and pushes blood out (systolic). Bottom number= pressure when the heart relaxes between beats (diastolic).
High blood pressure means your heart is working too hard. High blood
pressure can lead to Heart Attack, Stroke, and Kidney Disease 14
• Cholesterol: a fat substance naturally present in your blood and cells. Two main types of cholesterol: LDL and HDL.
• Triglyceride: a form of fat that the body makes from sugar, alcohol or other food sources
Diabetes and Cholesterol
1. High triglycerides 2. Low HDL (“good”) Cholesterol 3. High LDL (“bad”) cholesterol
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Diabetics have:
LDL (low-density lipoprotein): “bad” cholesterol; increases risk of CV events HDL (high-density lipoprotein): “good” cholesterol; reduces risk of CV events
What’s the deal about SUGAR levels???????
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Diabetes Can Lead to Nerve and Small Blood Vessel Damage
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Pre-Diabetes and prevention
Pre-diabetics can delay/ prevent the development of type 2 diabetes by
making changes in diet & increasing level of physical activity.
It is currently estimated that
6 million Canadians have pre-diabetes!
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Recommendations by CDA • Canadian Diabetes Association:
Your goal should be to complete at least 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous- intensity aerobic exercise each week,
(e.g. 30 minutes, 5 days a week).
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Benefits of Physical Activity
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Lose Weight/ maintain body
weight
Lower Risk of Heart Disease
Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular
disease
Blood sugar control
Gain Energy
Improve Well-being
Improve Overall Health
Can’t Exercise?
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• Pools • Exercise balls or
exercise bands • Stationary bikes • Exercise videos • Yoga • Local Recreation
Centers or school facilities • Walk to grocery store/work
Recommendations by CDA • Canadian Diabetes Association:
Make positive lifestyle changes, including healthy
eating (according to Canada’s Food Guide)
REDUCE the amount of sugar, fat and sodium in your recipes by one-third to one-half ELIMINATE ingredients that add unnecessary sugar, fat or sodium
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Canadian Diabetes Association
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Managing Your Diabetes
Step 1: Learn about diabetes.
Step 2: Know your diabetes ABCs.
Step 3: Manage your diabetes.
Step 4: Get routine care to avoid problems
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Diabetes Self-Management
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Monitoring blood glucose
Taking medication
Following a meal plan
Getting regular exercise
Take Steps to Reduce Risk Factors for Heart Disease
26 If you smoke, quit. Call the Smoker’s Help Line toll-free
support line: 1-866-366-3667, and visit quitsmoking.shoppersdrugmart.ca to get started
Managing Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
² Vegetables and fruits (fresh or frozen without added salt)
² Low-fat (1% or skim) dairy products ² Whole grains (whole wheat breads, cereal, pasta and
brown rice, etc) ² Lean meats and poultry without added salt ² Limit processed foods and take-out ² Unsalted or ‘no added salt’ items (e.g. crackers, nuts) ² Avoid using salt at the table and in cooking
Sodium intake should be no more than 1,500 to 2,300 mg per day. One teaspoon of salt has 2,300 mg of sodium
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Managing Sugar Levels
• Stick to small portions of sugary foods
• Consume natural sources of sweets (i.e. fruits)
• To keep blood sugar from spiking, avoid sweet treats à chew on sugarless gum/candy for cravings!
• Drink lots of water (replace soda’s)
• When you reach a healthy weight, which will be easier
to reach blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar goals 28
REGULAR BLOOD MONITORING!
• Self-monitoring is essential
• Especially important for patients treated with insulin
• A minimum of 3 blood sugar readings per day should be performed*
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LOW BLOOD SUGAR: EMERGENCY!
Medic Alert bracelet!! Cold, sweaty skin Difficulty concentrating dizziness Blurred vision Fatigue Shakiness, Lack of coordination Irritability nervousness Fainting, unconsciousness
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Getting regular medical care as a Diabetic
Once (repeat at age 65) Pneumococcal vaccine
1 time/year Flu shot
1 time/year Urine microalbumin/ creatinine ratio
2 times/year Dental exam
At least 1 time/year Foot exam
1 time/year Dilated eye exam
At least every other year Cholesterol
At least 2 times/year Blood pressure
2-4 times/year HbA1c
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LB Cinnamon
• Cinnamon 3000MG
• 60 capsules
• Promotes healthy glucose levels. No sugar, gluten, lactose or preservatives.
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LB Chromium
• Chromium - 500mcg
• 100 tablets
• Provides support for healthy glucose metabolism. No sugar, gluten, lactose or yeast.
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LB No Calorie Sweetener with Sucralose • 100 x 1g
packets
• Suitable for calorie reduced diets
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LB Fit Management Clearly Fibre • Daily vitamin and dietary fibre
supplement.
• Helps the body metabolize fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
• No sugar added. No fillers, artificial sweeteners or colors.
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2 types of Fibre Soluble Fibre Insoluble Fibre
present in oat bran, oatmeal, legumes (dried beans and lentils) and
fruits such as apples and strawberries
Reduces cholesterol and manages sugar levels
present in wheat bran, whole grain breads and cereals, fruits and
vegetables.
Helps to prevent constipation and some cancers
controls blood glucose increases the feeling of being full manages blood pressure regulates bowel movement reduces blood cholesterol controls weight 36
LB Vitamin A
• 250 capsules
• helps to maintain eyesight, skin, membranes and immune function.
• No lactose, sugar, gluten or preservatives.
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LB Healthy Eyes Formula
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• 60 coated tablets
• For adults over 50
• Helps to maintain eyesight, skin, membranes and immune function.
• Helps in development and maintenance of night vision.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Online Diabetes Information Hubs:
diabetes.ca | 1-800 BANTING shoppersdrugmart.ca/diabetes
healthcanada.ca
Blood Pressure: Hypertension.ca
Smoker’s Help Line toll-free support line:
1-866-366-3667 quitsmoking.shoppersdrugmart.ca
*Health Link BC at 8-1-1 *
Calculate my Diabetes Risk Score J