May 2015
National Broadband Plans: Deployment Models & their Effectiveness in Improving Broadband Penetration
Ozgur Aytar | Research Director
Sunil Kumar Verma | Managing Analyst
Deepa Dhingra | Analyst
Single User Price: US$ 3,495
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Summary
National Broadband Plans: Deployment Models & their Effectiveness in Improving Broadband Penetration,’ a Research Report by Pyramid Research, is an assessment of national broadband plans of several countries across the globe. The report analyses targets, technologies, role of government and private sector as well as funding strategy as included in the broadband plans of countries in all the regions.
The report is organized as follows:
• Introduction: Correlation between broadband penetration and PPP-adjusted GDP per capita, Characteristics of Good Broadband Plan and Regional Investment requirements. It also highlights about the characteristics of a Good National Broadband Plan alongwith relevant examples of the countries where the National Broadband Plan featured these characteristics.
• Global Review of NBP Frameworks: This sections highlights about the key trends and insights of the National Broadband Plans across various regions wrt to the priorities, implementation timelines, preferred technologies for deployment of broadband network, role of Government & Telcos and the investment/fundings for the implementation of these plans.
• Analysis of National Broadband Plans for Regions: This includes information regarding the National Broadband Plan for key selected countries across all the regions. Additionally it also includes Key trends and case examples elaborating the National Broadband plans of select countries.
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• Increasing number of countries are adopting national broadband plan or a strategy as a tool to improve broadband infrastructure to stimulate economic growth. The number of countries with a specific broadband plan/strategy increased to XX in 2014 from just XX in 2005.
• Majority of the countries are experiencing growth of both fixed and mobile broadband services. National broadband plans of developed countries, which already have high broadband penetration, are targeting on boosting the speed of broadband services while focus of emerging countries are on improving coverage of broadband networks to eradicate digital divide.
• Most of the countries, both developed and emerging, have selected fiber-optic and LTE technologies as they support applications and services that require high bandwidth and provide better quality.
• Governments in all the countries are actively participating to ensure development of broadband infrastructure. In some countries, Governments are supporting through providing funds and subsidies to telcos to contribute to the cost of deployment, whereas in some countries, Governments are supporting through modifications in policies and spectrum allocation.
• Telcos are also investing heavily in deployment of network and technologies that support high speed broadband services to extend coverage and increase bandwidth.
Key Findings
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Source: Pyramid Research
Correlation of broadband penetration with GDP per capita
Broadband subscriber growth continues to trend upward, despite slow GDP growth in many countries.
Qatar has the highest rate of PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in the world, while Switzerland boast the highest broadband penetration. Efforts by governments in the form of national broadband plans are expected to boost the development of broadband services worldwide.
EXHIBIT 2: BROADBAND PENETRATION AND PPP-ADJUSTED GDP PER CAPITA, 2014
Nigeria Afghanistan
Oman
Qatar
Indonesia
UAE
South Africa
Saudi Arabia
India
Singapore
Egypt Dominican Republic
Philippines
Panama Venezuela
Malaysia
Bahrain
Thailand
Australia
US
Ireland Taiwan
Turkey
Austria
Chile
Italy
El Salvador
Ecuador
Switzerland
Brazil
Japan
Mexico Colombia
Hong Kong
Israel
Canada
Finland
Russia
Slovakia
Germany Belgium
Argentina
Poland
Netherlands
Spain
Czech Republic
UK France
Honduras
Portugal
Vietnam
New Zealand
China
Romania
South Korea
Uruguay
Puerto Rico
Bulgaria
Ukraine
Kuwait
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
$0 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 $90,000 $100,000
Bro
adb
and
pen
etra
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
PPP-adjusted GDP per capita (2014)
5
Extend coverage
Emerging APAC
NA (Canada)
CEE
LA
AME
Provision high-speed broadband
Developed APAC
NA (US)
CEE
WE
AME
Deploy new technology
WE
AME
LA
Other targets
AME
EXHIBIT 6: COMMON TARGETS ACROSS REGIONS
Source: Pyramid Research
Targets and priorities of NBPs
NBPs target wide coverage and speed along with advances in technologies and services.
• The focus in emerging markets in Asia-Pacific (APAC), Latin America (LATAM) and Africa & the Middle East (AME) is primarily on improving coverage of broadband services to reduce the digital divide and speed up economic development. In contrast, developed markets such as Western European (WE) and developed APAC countries are emphasizing improving the speed of broadband services. Canada’s recently adopted national plan focuses on extending coverage to rural areas, while the US has set a target of offering 100Mbps download and 50Mbps upload speeds. Some countries in the WE, AME and LA regions have targets for upgrading or deploying new technologies: Portugal aims for nationwide LTE coverage, Brazil has a target of getting FTTH connection to XX% of the population, and Morocco aims to have 4G networks rolled out. Some countries – Qatar, Turkey – include in their NBPs the use of broadband in government institutions, schools, offices and such.
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EXHIBIT 11: FIXED-BROADBAND PENETRATION AND GDP PER CAPITA IN SELECT APAC MARKETS, 2014
Asia-Pacific continues to witness the expansion of broadband services, with the focus shifting to rural areas. Broadband services have been expanding for a long time in the region, but despite many efforts by governments and operators, the digital divide remains glaring. The huge investments required to deploy and expand broadband networks, ROI concerns among operators and a lack of basic infrastructure in rural and remote areas are hindering the growth of broadband services, creating a divide in access and use between various demographic groups. Even though Pyramid Research estimates that the number of broadband lines will increase from XXm in 2013 to XXm by year-end 2019 – up XX%. But the broadband penetration growth rate will remain low: we expect it to reach XX% at the end of 2019, up from XX% in 2014. There clearly remains huge potential for broadband services to grow in Asia-Pacific.
Developed markets in APAC such as Singapore and Hong Kong have higher broadband penetration rates than emerging ones like India and China. Pyramid Research found Afghanistan to have the lowest penetration rate in the region in 2014, XX%, while Hong Kong had the highest, XX%, even though Singapore had the highest PPP-adjusted GDP per capita: $XX.
EXHIBIT 10: FIXED-BROADBAND LINES AND PENETRATION OF POPULATION IN APAC, 2014-2019
Source: Pyramid Research
Regional broadband market context in Asia-Pacific
Broadband in the region is growing slowly on account of a lack of investment in rural and remote areas.
Afghanistan Indonesia India
Singapore
Philippines
Malaysia Thailand
Australia Taiwan
Japan
Hong Kong
China
South Korea
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000
BB
pen
etra
tio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n
PPP-adjusted GDP per capita
0%
5%
10%
15%
0
200
400
600
2014A 2015E 2016E 2017E 2018E 2019E
Bro
adb
and
p
enetratio
n
Bro
adb
and
lin
es
(mill
ion
s)
Broadband lines Broadband penetration of population
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Country NBP objectives Strategic initiatives Timeline,
budget Key players Technologies
China Short-term targets: • Fixed broadband to XX% of households. • 3G coverage to XX% of the total population. • FTTH coverage in all urban areas. • Broadband access in XX% of administrative
villages. • Broadband speeds of 20Mbps in urban
areas and 4Mbps in rural areas. Long-term targets: • Broadband access to XX% population. • Fixed broadband coverage to XX% of
households. • 3G or better access to XX% of population. • Broadband access to XX% of administrative
villages. • Speeds up to 50Mbps in urban areas and
12Mbps in rural areas.
The government opened up the broadband market to the private sector in November 2014.
To accelerate the growth of broadband, it awarded LTE licenses in December 2013.
Budget: $XXbn by 2020 Timeline: Short term: 2015 Long term: 2020
NA LTE, fiber-optics (FTTx)
Source: Pyramid Research
EXHIBIT 16: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN OF CHINA
Aiming to get broadband access to 100% of population by 2020, China unlocks the market to the private sector.
Overview of NBPs in Asia-Pacific (cont’d)
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EXHIBIT 30: FORECASTS OF 3G+ SUBSCRIPTION GROWTH RATES IN SELECT LATAM MARKETS, 2014-2019
Regional broadband market context in Latin America (cont’d)
Smartphone proliferation and the affordability of mobile broadband are driving mobile data growth in Latin America, forcing operators to invest significant amounts in upgrading their networks and deploying new technologies.
EXHIBIT 29: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND PENETRATION OF POPULATION IN LATAM, 2010-2019
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Pen
etration
of p
op
ulatio
n
Sub
scri
pti
on
s (m
illio
ns)
3G+ subs Rest of mobile subs
Penetration of population
14%
15%
13%
9%
12%
11%
14%
36%
16%
5%
26%
29%
12%
20%
14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Latin America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Chile
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Mexico
Puerto Rico
Peru
Paraguay
Panama
Uruguay
Venezuela
3G+ subscription CAGR 2014-2019
Source: Pyramid Research
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Country NBP objectives Strategic initiatives Timeline, budget Key players Technologies
Argentina Targets: • Fiber-optic coverage
expanded to XX% of the population by 2015.
• New fixed broadband networks to provide 10Mbps speed.
• Broadband service to all public schools.
The government will provide financial encouragement to local operators over the last-mile segment and will work with local governments to outfit public facilities such as libraries with free access to Internet services.
Budget: $XXbn (P8bn) Timeline: 2015
State-owned satellite firm ArSat is working with Alcatel-Lucent on rolling out a nationwide fiber-optic network.
Fiber-optics
Ecuador Target: • XX% Internet
penetration of the population.
The telecom regulator, Arcotel, is working to modify legislation in order to expand the coverage of Internet services.
Budget:NA Timeline: 2017
NA Fiber-optics (FTTx)
Source: Pyramid Research
EXHIBIT 31: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BROADBAND PLANS OF ARGENTINA AND ECUADOR
Government in Argentina and Brazil invest in fiber-optic technology to enhance broadband coverage.
Overview of NBPs in Latin America region
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Country NBP objectives Strategic initiatives Timeline, budget Key players Technologies
Portugal Short-term targets: • Nationwide LTE coverage Long-term targets: • Speeds of at least 30Mbps
for XX% of the population. • Speeds of at least
100 Mbps for XX % of households.
The government established a national funding plan to support broadband deployment. The plan includes about XX% private investment; the rest is to be contributed by public funds.
Budget: NA Timeline: • Short term:
2015 • Long term: 2020
NA Satellite, DSL, wireless (LTE), fiber-optics (FTTx)
United Kingdom
Short-term targets: • Download speeds of at
least 2Mbps for XX% population.
Long-term targets: • Speeds of at least 24Mbps
for XX of the population. • 4G coverage to XX% of
population.
Funding by the British Government, including £XXm to developing 22 super-connected cities in the UK, and investments by BT
Budget: Phase I: $XXm (£XXm) Phase II: $XXm (£XXm) Timeline: • Short term:
2015 • Long term: 2017
British Telecom (BT) will deploy G.fast technology in 2016/17 to offer speeds of up to 500Mbps (and 1Gbps as a premium).
Wireless (LTE), fiber-optic (FTTx)
Source: Pyramid Research
EXHIBIT 58: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BROADBAND PLANS OF PORTUGAL AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Portugal has established a national funding plan to provide LTE coverage across country while in the UK, the combined funding of the government and the incumbent BT will create super-connected cities.
Overview of NBPs in Western Europe (cont’d)
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Country NBP objectives Strategic initiatives Timeline, budget Key players Technologies
Romania Targets: • Provide fixed
broadband coverage to 100% of the Romanian population.
• Provide access to broadband services with speeds of more than 30Mbps to XX% of households.
• Offer broadband access speed of 100Mbps to at least XX% of households.
Romania is rolling out LTE and fiber technology to extend the coverage of broadband connections.
Budget: €XXbn Timeline: 2020
Fixed operator RomTelecom and mobile operator Cosmote Romania, have won the tender to carry out the RoNet project, which focuses on covering unserved areas with broadband access.
Wireless (LTE), fiber-optics
Source: Pyramid Research
EXHIBIT 70: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN OF ROMANIA
Project RoNet aims to provide broadband coverage to 100% of Romania’s population through €4bn in funding from the government.
Overview of NBPs in Central & Eastern Europe (cont’d)
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Source: Pyramid Research
Country NBP objectives Strategic initiatives Timeline, budget Key players Technologies
Nigeria
Short-term targets: • Wireless broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XX% of population. • Wired broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XX% of population. Medium-term targets: • Wireless broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XX% of population. • Wired broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XXZ of population. Long-term targets: • Wireless broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XX of population • Wired broadband penetration of XX%
and coverage to XX% of population • LTE or 3G to at least XX% of the
population by 2017.
The Nigerian government is considering providing seven licenses for broadband services to infrastructure companies, forcing the incumbents to lease their capacity to competitors.
Budget: NA
Timeline: • Short term:
2015 • Medium
term: 2018 • Long term:
2020
NA Wireless (LTE, 3G), fiber-optics, ADSL
EXHIBIT 82: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL BROADBAND PLAN OF NIGERIA
Overview of NBPs in Africa & the Middle East (cont’d)
Incumbents will lease capacity to new entrants in Nigeria in order to raise both wired and wireless broadband penetration rates.
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Table of contents Table of contents 2
Table of exhibits 3
Executive summary 6
Section 1: Introduction 9 Definitions and report scope Overview of national broadband plans Correlation of broadband penetration with GDP per capita Characteristics of a good national broadband plan Economics of broadband network deployment
Section 2: Global review of NBP frameworks 16 Targets and priorities of NBPs Preferred technologies for implementation Roles of governments and telcos in implementation Funding the achievement of plan targets
Section 3: National broadband plans in Asia-Pacific: Overview, trends and examples 21 Regional broadband market context in Asia-Pacific Overview of NBPs in Asia-Pacific Asia-Pacific case studies Case study: National broadband plan of Australia Case study: National broadband plan of China Case study: National broadband plan of Malaysia
Section 4: National broadband plans in Latin America: Overview, trends and examples 37 Regional broadband market context in Latin America Overview of NBPs in Latin America Latin America case studies Case study: National broadband plan of Mexico Case study: National broadband plan of Brazil
Section 5: National broadband plans in North America: Overview, trends and examples 53 Regional broadband market context in North America Overview of NBPs in North America North America case studies Case study: National broadband plan of the US
Section 8: National broadband plans in Western Europe: Overview, trends and examples 60 Regional broadband market context in Western Europe Overview of NBPs in Western Europe Western Europe case studies Case study: National broadband plan of the UK Case study: National broadband plan of Spain Case study: National broadband plan of the Netherlands
Section 6: National broadband plans in Central & Eastern Europe: Overview, trends and examples 73 Regional broadband market context in Central & Eastern Europe Overview of NBPs in Central & Eastern Europe Central & Eastern Europe case studies Case study: National broadband plan of Romania Case study: National broadband plan of Russia
Section 7: National broadband plans in Africa & the Middle East: Overview, trends and examples 84 Regional broadband market context in Africa & the Middle East Overview of NBPs in Africa & the Middle East Africa & Middle East case studies Case study: National broadband plan of Kenya Case study: National broadband plan of Qatar Case study: National broadband plan of Nigeria Appendices 102
Companies mentioned in the report About Pyramid Research
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Table of exhibits
Exhibit 1: Countries with national broadband plans, 2014 11
Exhibit 2: Broadband penetration and PPP-adjusted GDP per capita, 2014 12
Exhibit 3: Characteristics of a good national broadband plan 13
Exhibit 4: Characteristics of a good national broadband plan (cont'd) 14
Exhibit 5: Regional investment requirements 15
Exhibit 6: Common targets across regions 17
Exhibit 7: Prevalent technologies in NBPs 18
Exhibit 8: Government and telco measures in support of national broadband plans 19
Exhibit 9: Uses of government and telco funds 20
Exhibit 10: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in APAC, 2014-2019 22
Exhibit 11: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in select APAC markets, 2014 22
Exhibit 12: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in APAC, 2010-2019 23
Exhibit 13: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in select APAC markets, 2014-2019 23
Exhibit 14: Overview of national broadband plans of Afghanistan 24
Exhibit 15: Overview of national broadband plans of Australia and India 25
Exhibit 16: Overview of national broadband plan of China 26
Exhibit 17: Overview of national broadband plans of Malaysia 27
Exhibit 18: Overview of national broadband plan of New Zealand 28
Exhibit 19: Overview of national broadband plans of Pakistan and Singapore 29
Exhibit 20: Overview of national broadband plan of Taiwan 30
Exhibit 21: Availability of NBN services in Australia 31
Exhibit 22: Percentage of premises in Australia with high-speed broadband access, by technology, 2013 32
Exhibit 23: Urban and rural shares of Internet subscribers in China, 2012 and 2013 33
Exhibit 24: Fixed-broadband penetration of population in China 34
Exhibit 25: Governance structure of Malaysian broadband implementation 35
Exhibit 26: 3G and total mobile subscription growth in Malaysia, 2006-2013 36
Exhibit 27: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in LATAM, 2014-2019 38
Exhibit 28: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in select LATAM markets, 2014 38
Exhibit 29: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in LATAM, 2010-2019 39
Exhibit 30: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in select LATAM markets, 2014-2019 39
Exhibit 31: Overview of national broadband plans of Argentina and Ecuador 40
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Table of exhibits
Exhibit 32: Overview of national broadband plan of Colombia 41
Exhibit 33: Overview of national broadband plans of Costa Rica and Chile 42
Exhibit 34: Overview of national broadband plans in Dominican Republic and Brazil 43
Exhibit 35: Overview of national broadband plan of Mexico 44
Exhibit 36: Overview of national broadband plans of Puerto Rico 45
Exhibit 37: Overview of national broadband plan of Peru 46
Exhibit 38: Overview of national broadband plans of Paraguay and Panama 47
Exhibit 39: Overview of national broadband plans of Uruguay and Venezuela 48
Exhibit 40: Fixed and mobile broadband penetration in Mexico, 2012-2019 50
Exhibit 41: Minimum and average broadband speed requirements as determined by Anatel 51
Exhibit 42: Fixed broadband subscribers in Brazil, August 2014 52
Exhibit 43: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in NA 2014-2019 54
Exhibit 44: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in NA markets, 2014 54
Exhibit 45: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in NA, 2010-2019 55
Exhibit 46: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in NA markets, 2014-2019 55
Exhibit 47: Overview of national broadband plan of the USA 56
Exhibit 48: Overview of national broadband plan of Canada 57
Exhibit 49: Map of fixed 25Mbps/3Mbps broadband access in the US, December 2013 58
Exhibit 50: Residential fixed-broadband lines by technology in the US, 2014 59
Exhibit 51: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in WE, 2014-2019 61
Exhibit 52: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in select WE markets, 2014 61
Exhibit 53: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in WE, 2010-2019 62
Exhibit 54: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in select WE markets, 2014-2019 62
Exhibit 55: Overview of national broadband plans of Belgium and France 63
Exhibit 56: Overview of national broadband plans of the Netherlands and Finland 64
Exhibit 57: Overview of national broadband plans of Germany and Italy 65
Exhibit 58: Overview of national broadband plans of Portugal and the UK 66
Exhibit 59: Funding and targets of Broadband Delivery UK program 67
Exhibit 60: Availability of next-generation networks and superfast broadband in the UK, 2014 68
Exhibit 61: Objectives of Digital Agenda for Europe 69
Exhibit 62: Objectives of Digital Agenda for Spain 69
Exhibit 63: Key broadband market indicators for the Netherlands, 2013 72
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Table of exhibits
Exhibit 64: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in CEE, 2014-2019 74
Exhibit 65: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in select CEE markets, 2014 74
Exhibit 66: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in CEE, 2010-2019 75
Exhibit 67: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in select CEE markets, 2014-2019 75
Exhibit 68: Overview of national broadband plans of Hungary and Bulgaria 76
Exhibit 69: Overview of national broadband plans of Czech Republic and Russia 77
Exhibit 70: Overview of national broadband plan of Romania 78
Exhibit 71: Overview of national broadband plans of Poland 79
Exhibit 72: Romanian alignment with the Digital Agenda for Europe 2020 80
Exhibit 73: Goals of the Russian’s Ministry 82
Exhibit 74: Fixed and mobile broadband penetration in Russia, 2010-2019 83
Exhibit 75: Fixed-broadband lines and penetration of population in AME, 2014-2019 85
Exhibit 76: Fixed-broadband penetration and GDP per capita in select AME markets, 2014 85
Exhibit 77: Mobile subscriptions and penetration of population in AME, 2010-2019 86
Exhibit 78: Forecasts of 3G+ subscription growth rates in select AME markets, 2014-2019 86
Exhibit 79: Overview of national broadband plan of Egypt – short term targets 87
Exhibit 80: Overview of national broadband plan of Egypt – long term targets 88
Exhibit 81: Overview of national broadband plans of Tunisia 89
Exhibit 82: Overview of national broadband plan of Nigeria 90
Exhibit 83: Overview of national broadband plan of Israel 91
Exhibit 84: Overview of national broadband plans of Morocco and Turkey 92
Exhibit 85: Overview of national broadband plan of Qatar and Iran 93
Exhibit 86: Overview of national broadband plans of Kenya and Gabon 94
Exhibit 87: Short-term and long-term targets of Kenya's national broadband plan 95
Exhibit 88: Kenya fixed-line broadband penetration of population, 2013 to 2019 96
Exhibit 89: Qatar national broadband network 97
Exhibit 90: Qatar residential broadband subscriber growth forecast, 2013-2019 98
Exhibit 91: Short-term, medium-term and long-term targets of Nigeria's NBP 99
Exhibit 92: Fiber-optic access line growth in Nigeria, 2013-2019 100
Exhibit 93: Nigeria national broadband plan penetration targets 101
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Companies mentioned in the report
Alcatel-Lucent
ArSat
Axtel
Azteca Comunicaciones
Bell Canada
British Telecom
BSNL
Cantv
CenturyLink
China Mobile
China Telecom
China Unicom
Claro
Cosmote Romania
Deutsche Telekom
Frontier Communications
Grupo Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Grupo ICE)
INEA
IslaLink
Iusacell
KPN Netherlands
Maroc Telecom
Natcom
Nitel
Orange Kenya
Orange Spain
RomTelecom
Rostelecom
Safaricom
SES SA
SingTel
StarHub
Tele2 Netherlands
Telecomm Telégrafos
Telefónica de España
Teléfonos de Mexico
Telekom Malaysia
Telekom Romania
T-Mobile Netherlands
Turk Telekom
VDT Communications
Virgin Media and EE
Vodafone Netherlands
Vodafone Spain
Warburg Pincus
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Reasons to Buy
• The ‘National Broadband Plans: Deployment Models & their Effectiveness in Improving Broadband Penetration’ report provides a comprehensive examination of National Broadband Plans in all the six regions along with trends and case studies to help companies and operators make informed decisions pertaining to investments in network and technologies, understand Governments’ role and optimize return on investment.
• This report provides a five-year forecast of 3G+ subscription and penetration, developed using bottom-up modeling methodologies of Pyramid Research. The forecast would help executives understand growth opportunities for their companies as per emerging trends in broadband segment.
• Information on broadband plans of several countries in each region; analysis of targets, technologies, governments’ support, operators’ role and funding strategies; case studies of specific countries from each region and key takeaways and recommendations will help broadband operators to develop understanding of markets across the globe and factors driving demand and adoption of broadband services in domestic and international markets.