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Modern China: A Capsule History
The Impact of the West on 19th and 20th Century China
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The Manchu Conquest of China: 1644
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Imposition of the Queue
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Manchu conquest of Taiwan: Koxinga and the anti-Qing rebellion 1661-1683
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The Kangxi Emperor: Longest Reigning Chinese Emperor: 1661-1722
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The Manchus become Confucian: Heirs to the Mandate of Heaven
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The Jesuits and their role
Astronomers Translators Missionaries Weapons
manufacturers Cartographers Advisors
Matteo Ricci
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The Qianlong Emperor: 1735-1796
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Map of Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
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The Conquest of Tibet and Xinjiang
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Tibetan Buddhism at the Qing Court
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The Canton system of Trade: Macau as the gateway to China
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Qianlong meets George McCartney: A clash of Two worlds
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The Opium War: “The most disreputable War Britain eve fought” Gladstone
Motivation: the British thirst for tea and trade Destabilization: Payment in silver as China
wanted nothing the British produced Problem: Imbalance in trade Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into
China
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Commissioner Lin and the successful suppression of Opium
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China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology
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The Treaty of Nanjing: 1842: First Unequal Treaty
Cede Island of Hong Kong in perpetuity Open 5 pots to trade: Guangzhou (Canton),
Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai.
Pay 21 Million dollars reparations Extraterritoriality Most Favored Nation Clause
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Second Opium War: Causes
Desire for free trade Desire to travel in interior Desire for missionary activity Desire for legalization of opium Desire for diplomatic relations
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Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun
Europeans right to have legations in Beijing 10 cities opened for trade and residence Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtse
river Foreigners right to travel, trade, and
proselytize in China 6 million dollar indemnity Russia got the maritime Province
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Storming of the Dagu )Taku) Forts
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Flight of the Xian FengEmperor to Chengde
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Destruction of the Summer Palace
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Convention of Beijing: second unequal treaty 1860
Confirm Tianjin Treaty Cede Kowloon to Britain Open Tianjin as treaty port Chinese laborers allowed to emigrate
overseas
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Rebellions: Taiping, Nian, Muslim: 1850-1878
Transfer of power from Manchus to Chinese Transfer of power from Center to provinces Weakening of Central government Allowing further Western Imperialism Awakening desire for change among
Chinese youth Sense of doom among youth
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Rebels and Mandarins
Zeng Guofan
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Cixi and the maintenance of power
Balancing act Position as regent Raising fear of
foreigners and Chinese Personal friendship Bestowal of favors
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The Marble Boat in the new Summer Palace
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The Sino-Japanese War: 1895
Li Hong Zhang Shimonoseki
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Treaty of Shimonoseki
Cession of Taiwan to Japan 200 million dollar indemnity China recognize independence of Korea Cede Liaodong Peninsula to Japan (reversed
by Triple Intervention by Russia, France and Germany)
Open more ports and rivers to trade
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Guangxu Emperor and the 100 days of reform
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Boxer Rebellion: Defense of the British Legation
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The Boxer Rebellion
A Boxer and the International Relief force
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Russo-Japanese war: control of railroads in Manchuria
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The Russo Japanese War: fought over Manchuria (China)
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Sun Yat-sen and the revolution of 1912
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Sun’s Three Principles of the People: San Min Zhu Yi
Nationalism: Min Zu Democracy: Min Quan Socialism (people’s welfare): Min Sheng
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The Accidental Revolution: 1912: The end of the imperial system and the establishment of a Republic
Yuan Shi Kai becomes President
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The May fourth Movement: The first modern student movement
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Founding of the Chinese Communist Party
Chen Duxiu
Li Dazhao
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Mao Zedong as a Young Man
Founding member of CCP
Reinterpreter of Leninism for Chinese conditions
Interested in the peasants
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Zhu De: Leader of the Red Army
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Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) and the Northern Expedition
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Massacre of Communists
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End of the first United Front in Shanghai
Nationalists turned on the Communists and massacred them in Shanghai
Resulted in split of the Nationalist party Renewed civil war against the Communists Communists in city virtually destroyed Mao flees to countryside in Jinggangshan
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Retreat to Jinggangshan
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Civil War: the Long March
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Japanese invasion and creation of the state of Manchukuo: Puyi crowned as emperor in 1932
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Start of the Sino Japanese War: 1937: Lugoujiao (Marco Polo Bridge)
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The start of the Anti-Japanese war
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Nanjing Massacre
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Chiang, Meiling, and General Stillwell in Chungking (Chongqing)
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Cairo Conference: China comes of Age and the unequal treaties are abolished
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The End of the Anti-Japanese War and the Continuation of the Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists
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Mao Proclaims the Establishment of the People’s Republic of China
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Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek) fled to Taiwan
Jiang’s memorial Hall in Taipei
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Major events from 1949 to Today
Rebuilding China Korean War 100 Flowers Movement and Anti-Rightist
Campaign Great Leap Forward Invasion of Tibet and flight of Dalai Lama Tension over Taiwan
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More events
The Sino-Soviet Split: who are China’s Friends
The Great Proletarian Revolution Nixon’s visit to China
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President Nixon goes to China: 1972
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The New China: “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”
Deng Xiaoping comes to power:
“It doesn’t matter if a cat is a white cat or a black cat as long as it catches the mice.”
“To Get rich is Glorious”