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ModellingModelling in Educationin Education
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What is a modelWhat is a model ??
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dolls, toy cars and trains, Monopoly, chess, physical
games: football, tennis, etc.
What is a modelWhat is a model ??
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Features of a model• using one thing to think about another• idealized and simplified representation of
real thing
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Toy cars vs. LegoToy cars vs. Lego
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• Theory exploration(learning from models) – exploring ideas about a topic presented by
someone else (teacher or expert), where these ideas may often be quite different from the learner’s ideas
Features of learning activitiesFeatures of learning activities
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Theory construction (learning with models) – giving students the empty tool together with
materials and tasks challenging them to construct models
Features of learning activitiesFeatures of learning activities
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• to allow children to explore other people’s representations
• to express and manipulate their own representation of their world
• to lead them to an understanding of the nature of the task of theory building (modelling tool serves as a ‘theory’ machine)
What is the role of modelling tools in What is the role of modelling tools in Education?Education?
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Nature of Scientific Investigations
Observation
Theorization
Prediction
Logical inference or
generalization
Bacon’s ViewBacon’s View
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Nature of Scientific Investigations
Observation
Theorization
Prediction
Conjecture Refutation
Popper’s ViewPopper’s View
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Nature of Scientific Investigations
Observation
Theorization
Prediction
Scientific revolution
Normal science
Kuhn’s ViewKuhn’s View
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Observation
Theorization
Prediction
Weak in science
education
Overemphasized in science education
Nature of Scientific Investigations
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Nature of Scientific Investigation
Theory Building
Observation and Experimentation Theory-Exploration activities
Theory-Construction activities
conjecture
Refutation
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Concept Mapping vs. Dynamic Modelling
Concept maps require students to describe only semantic relationships between concepts
Dynamic Modelling tools require students to define dynamic relationships (cause and effect, how the relationships evolve with time, etc.)
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Examples of Dynamic Modelling: Stella
•Four Components:
•Stock
•Flow
•Connector
•Converter
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Examples of Dynamic Modelling: Model-It
What is Model-It?
• Model - It is a qualitative modeling tool specially designed for the learning needs of children and young adults (grades 5 - 12). This tool enables students to make qualitative models of cause and effect relationships. Students using Model - It are able to associate Objects found in the environment with measurable, variable Factors.