Millet and Livelihood of vulnerablecommunity with special focus on Women
E.D.Israel Oliver King , Principal Scientist M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Namakkal
Embracing Millets back to life ‐ National Millet Conference 2016 21 May 2016, Bhopal
Scheme of PresentationPart 1 : Millets, Role of Women and participatory
research and development work of MSSRFPart 2: 1. Emerging market opportunities for millets in
Periurban and Urban context 2. New development in small scale millet processing
equipments 3. Reflection on the status of millets in PDS in
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu 4. Issues and opportunities in millet growing regions in
Tamil Nadu using 4 C Framework
CLIMATE SMART NUTRITIOUS MILLETS FINGER MILLET(Eleucine coracana)
FOXTAIL MILLET(Setaria italica)
Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum
Proso MilletPanicum miliaceum
LITTLE MILLET(Panicum sumatrense)
+ + + +
+ + +
+ +
+ ++
+ indicates the drought hardiness
Millets are hardy, nutritious but neglected
Kolli Hills, Eastern Ghats, India
Climate Resilient Practices; Mixed Cropping – Coping Mechanism Against Natural Calamities
Millet Landraces Diversity across Species in Kolli Hills
* Farm level variability exist based on land terrain, Soil, Farmers preferences
Gender Role in Millet Farming and Processing Activities of Millet Cultivation Decision Making (%) Work Participation (%)
Men Women Both Men Women Both1. Selection of crop for cultivation 44.16 27.27 28.57 36.51 19.05 44.442. Selection of variety (seed) 45.95 35.14 18.92 42.86 30.16 26.983. If seed is purchased, who decides & do 49.33 34.67 16.00 43.94 25.76 30.304. Field cleaning 31.58 32.89 35.53 17.81 31.51 50.685. Land preparation (ploughing or digging) 65.79 14.47 19.74 54.67 16.00 29.336. Transport & application of manure 54.93 18.31 26.76 42.86 18.57 38.577. Seed treatment 36.84 42.11 21.05 47.37 42.11 10.538. Sowing seeds (broadcast/row planting) 45.45 27.27 27.27 44.00 24.00 32.009. Chemical fertilizer application 55.36 25.00 19.64 51.79 25.00 23.2110. Hand weeding 10.00 58.55 30.00 11.59 62.32 27.5411. Interculture/mechanical weeding 11.36 70.45 18.18 4.55 70.45 25.0012. Plant protection measures 21.92 27.40 50.68 16.44 30.14 53.4213. Watching from crop damage 16.44 28.77 54.79 24.66 24.66 50.6814. Harvesting main crop 11.84 39.47 48.68 6.76 45.95 47.30Activities of Post Harvest processing, Storageand Market15. Threshing & cleaning 9.33 50.67 40.00 5.48 52.05 42.4716. Cleaning & drying grain 5.33 58.67 36.00 6.85 60.27 32.8817. Transporting the grain 26.76 30.99 42.25 18.31 35.21 46.4818. Drying grain e.g seed/consumption/marketing 11.76 51.47 36.76 8.96 52.24 38.8119. Storage of grain 11.86 47.46 40.68 8.96 56.72 34.3320. Seed selection and storage 21.31 31.15 47.54 18.33 30.00 51.6721. Marketing of grain/fodder 22.81 28.07 49.12 25.00 25.00 50.0022. Receiving & handling the money 10.77 50.77 38.46 12.31 47.69 40.0023. Marketing of grain/fodder 41.18 26.47 32.35 38.24 29.41 32.3524. Receiving & handling the money 32.50 37.50 30.00 30.00 40.00 30.00
MSSRF NUS Survey/FGD 2012‐2013
Manual Pounding
020406080100120140
Manual Mechanical
131.52
4.6
Duration in Minutes
Dehusking mill
Post harvest processing machineries for Little and Foxtail Millets
Double Hopper and Single Sheller 82‐85%
Perfura CIAE model of Stone Machine 77‐82%
Husker and Polisher 65%
Dehuskerwith Hopper 68‐70%
Mc gill Rubber Sheller 90 %
Value Added Products
Finger Millet Malt (Ragi Malt)
Thinai Payasa Mix
Thinai Laddu
Samai Bajji Mix
Samai Uppuma Mix
Samai Rava Dosa Mix
Little Millet rice
Italian Millet rice
Finger Millet Flour
LITTLE MILLET
ITALIANMILLET
BAKEDCOOKIES
BUNS
FRIEMS
DIABETIC MIX
Baked,Puffed &Fried…..Neutraceutical Mixes
KOLLI HILLS NATURAL FOODS
Millet Value Chain DevelopmentProducer – Procurer ‐ processor – Value adder
– Distributor ‐ Consumer
Quantity of different form of millets Marketed 2001 ‐ 2015
Linkages of products to Health foods shops and organic outlets
Kolli Hills Natural Food Shop
Managed by the KHABCOFED
Collectives of the Members of the
federation
Function as a Hub in the supply chain of
the Kolli Hills products
Year Whole Grain (Kg)
Little and Italian Millet Rava and
Flour (Kg)
Value Added Products (Kg)
Gross Returns (Rs)
2001-2002 9000 1200 62,0002002-2003 2662 70,0682003-2004 1365 25,5242004-2005 3138 71,5002005-2006 2255 1110 1,16,0982006-2007 1062 240 50,5982007-2008 1770 414.45 73,6942008-2009 2672 831 1,29,6392009-2010 1465 1061 1,25,8532010-2011 681 984 1,32,8932011-2012 1373 1119.75 2,42,4222012-2013 3658 1660.2 4,20,0542013-2014 5486.5 1497.85 5,49,9082014-2015 5227.5 1405.35 5,50,201
Total 9000 34015 10323.6 26,20,452
Kolli Hills (3)
Thiruppathur (1)
Chennai (2)
Namakkal (3)
Erode (1)
Salem (4)
Thiruppur (1)
Karur (1)
Coimbatore (2)
Viluppuram (1)
Madurai (1)
Mayiladudhurai (1)
Tanjavur (2)
Kumbakonam(1)
Paramathi Velur (1)
Dindigul (1)
Vellakovil (1)
Thiruchengode (1)
Karaikkal (1)
Sales Deed Partnership Deed
TIN Cert Sales Tax Cert. SSI Cert.Dhan Settlement
• Creating Common Property• Partnership deed in SHG• MOU with the Block development
Office• Tax Payer’s Identification Number
certificate (TIN)• Sales Tax Certificate (CTC)• Small Scale industry certificate (SSI)• Tamil Nadu Food Safety and Drug
Administration Certificate
Community Based Asset building
FSSAI
Campaigning for Millets
Self Help GroupsSchool exhibitions
Linking with markets
Street playin villages
Traditional food mela
Exhibitions
International Fora
Mass campaign for inculcating
importance of millets in Conservation,
Cultivation, Nutrition, Value
addition, Consumption and
linking with Markets
Folk Theatre Road Show
Exhibitions at Various Fora
Rural Markets
Awareness‐raising and marketing campaigns, have increased the use of millets among users
Governance StructureAssets of KHABCOFED
Total of 109 Groups (16 Men, 30Women, 1 Mixed , 62 Farmers clubsMembership of 985 Males and 526FemalesMillet producers, Custodian Farmers,Organic producers,TraditionalKnowledge holder, Folk Artists,Healersand EntrepreneursManaging 9 Pulversing mills,3Dehsuking and Flour millOrganic produce collection centresand Community based Value additionunits each at three locationsVillage Millet resource Centres at 16locationManaging Internal control systemsfarms under organic farmingCommunity based natural food shopsat 2 locationsTotal Financial turnover is 75, 29,913INR
Collective Action and Governance
Millet supply/ Value chain pattern Farmers Local procurers Organic shops
Millet Store, Re Store, Allmaa 100, Valam, Bio Organic
Own Farm Organic shops Jay CEE Greens, Amirtham, F5 Stores
Own farm Packed Products Own shop Commission Agencies Other Shops
Eco Care
Origin diversified source Organic shops ConsumersMany Products and Whole Grain
Own Farm whole sale vendor Sriramulu, Jawadi hills
Farmers Local procurers Commission Agency Whole Sale shops provision Stores Dept stores
Push cart vendors
Wet Flour Vendors
Restaurant Organic Shop Whole Sale Star typeHotel
Pearl millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet Finger millet
Shurghum Pearl millet Pearl millet Pearl millet Italian Millet
Finger miller Barnyard millet
Barnyard millet
Barnyard millet
Italian Millet Italian Millet Italian Millet
Kodo millet Kodo millet Kodo millet
Sorghum Sorghum Sorghum
Middle and Lower middle class
Families Middle and Lower middle class
Middle and Upper middle class
Upper middle class and Elite
Dealers and Local Vendors, Agencies, Commission Agents
Elite
Millets species, Market Domains and Consumers
Brands and Certification in Millets • Ecocare, 24 Manthra,Mayoora,Sai
foods,Little Millets,Jawadi Hills, Pristine, Pro‐nature, Nature land, Kavalam
• Whole grain, Processed food, Labelled products
• IMO, USDA, EU, ECOCERT, PGS• Food Safety and Standards Authority of
India (FSSAI) • Committee of organic foods, Tamil Nadu• Average INR 60‐70/500 gms
Branded millet foods ‐ Almaa100 – Selaiyur‐ Chennai
Branded Foods – Ecocare, 24 Manthra, Mayoora, Vriksha, Terra Locally made products
Sweets and Biscuts – Dealers mixing with other flour Maida, Wheat, Rice flour
Whole Grains ‐ reSTORE‐kottivakkam ‐ chennai• Only organic millets and Whole grains only• Direct procurement from Farmers•Keeps Less profit margin•Awareness about millets – Use Media support•Organise workshops • Connected with – “Millets Store” – a non profit organisation
• South Indian recipes – Dosa, Ponagal, Briyani, Boiled items –Puttu, Rotti, Koozh, Khazhi, Soup
• Served as combo and sole food• Source of millets is from their own
farms and organic shops• Awareness materials are provided
in the Restaurants ‐ Know your traditional food , Expressing health benefits like controlling blood pressure, cholesterol and other health problems
• Consumers Profile – Those suggested by Physicians, keen on organic foods, Explorers
• Price of the food varies – Most not affordable by common
Millets in Restaurants
WHOLESALE DEALERS – Products and whole Grain
Sri ramulu, kothwal chavadi
Godown of the shopWhole sale pack
• Source from the southern parts of Tamil Nadu, Eastern hill stations and from Karnataka.
• Bulk purchase and transfer to dealers in Koyambedu, Paris ‐ Kottaval Chavadi, Tambaram
• Supply millets to Commission agents and subdealers and mini markets
• Deal with agents in Bangalore, Nasik, Lucknow
Agriculture Engineering, Centre of Excellence for Small Millets, GKVK,
Bangalore • This is only centre in India exclusively for millet processing sponsored
by INSIMP programme• Ragi pearling machine (Rs. 65,000) Ragi pulveriser (Rs. 95,000)
manufactured by VEE THREE SERVICE Enterprises, Bangalore• Ragi pulveriser small (Rs. 35,000)• Table top ragi pulveriser (Rs. 71,000) • Uruli roaster manufactured by Gayathri Entreprises, Chennai• Ribbon blender for (value addition)• Packaging machine (Rs. 4 lakhs) manufactured by Century systems,
Bangalore• Powder making machine (Rs. 4.5 lakhs)• Sealing machine (Rs. 17,000)• Flaking machine (making machine) manufactured in Mysore• This centre is conducting training on value addition
Millet Inclusion in Tamil Nadu PDS !• Tamil Nadu‐ Lamps – Large Scale Multipurpose
Society – District Consumer Cooperative Whole sale Shop Limited – Retail Shops at District level
• Finger millet, Italian millet, Little millets, Pearl millet are available ‐ Rate INR 60‐70/ kg
• No procurement policy yet in Tamil Nadu for PDS• Comprehensive Assessment on current Production –
Availability • Minimum Support Price for millet – Farmers Welfare • Enabling subsidy policy – consumer Welfare• Purchase arrangement with processing mills –
Working through FPOs • Channelling through PDS supply chain • Most of the Ragi produced in Krishnagiri district of
Tamil Nadu has been producred by Karnataka state last year
• Most of the Little millets produced in Dharmapuridistrict of has gone to Nasik and Theni for Processing and not consumed locally
Little millets Pack
Millets and PDS in Karnataka• Government of Karnataka has fixed Minimum support
price for Ragi as Rs. 2100/Quintal • Ragi supplied through PDS in southern part of Karnataka
and Sorghum supplied through PDS in Northern part of Karnataka
• Currently Ragi and Sorghum in PDS is only for BPL families but there is raising demand from all families
• Constraints faced by the state for continuous supply • There is high demand from Rich people of metro city like
Bangalore and they are very much interest on getting millets through anyway (either PDS of private market)
• Besides, Noon meal scheme in Karnataka is promoting finger millets based foods (Ragi motha) from primary school to High school (1st standard to 10th standard)
Broader Framework used in Ground Appraisal
Production Domain
Procurement Domain
Processing Domain Value Added Product
Production and Maketing Domain
Seed SourceLand Selection and PreparationSeed SowingMillet CroppingPost HarvestMillet ConsumptionNeed Assessment
Millet CollectionMillet StorageTransportingMillet SalesFinancial transactionNeed Assessment
Millet PurchaseMill OperationFinancial transactionMillet SalesNeed Assessment
trainingCurrent StatusFinancial transactionLearning, issuesRequirements and Market opportunities Need Assessment
Key Informants : Farmers, Producer Organisation, NGOs representatives, State officials, Consumers, Policy Makers, Research and Development Agencies and literature
Conservation• Quality seeds of millets are not available in many location and
they depend on mundys.• Farmers are not able to protect seeds properly since they are
attacked by rats and pests and no private and public storage systems functional.
Processing •Households face difficulties with regard to manual processing of millets.•There is a severe loss of knowledge among women about culinary preparations using millets.
CultivationFarmers have alternative short duration crops like Tapioca, groundnut, gingelly, horsegram and corianderThe need for raising millets crops is low in the light of subsidised food available through PDS.The labour demand for millet cultivation is high.The cost of cultivation of millets is high and economic returns from the crop are low and not equitable to farmers There is a dearth of cattle which is making cultivation of millets difficult from the point of view of draught animal power and dung.There is a severe wildlife ‐ agriculture conflict in the region due to the presence of wild boars and birds and increased pest attacks
Opportunities:
• Quality seed production and timely supply of new varieties based on local choice
• Financial assistance and crop loans need to be extended for promoting cultivation of millets.
• Insurance support for millet crops. • There is a felt need for establishing local level small and medium type processing units to enable increased consumption.
• Farmer producers companies and Public and Private supply channels linking to food systems