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Page 1: Midterm review   french iv

Le Français IVMidterm Review

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BOTTOM LINE: The present tense indicates that the action is occurring right now!

Present Tense translates 3 waysIn English, we have 3 different “present tenses.” In French there is only one. Translations include: je porte – I wear, I do wear, I am wearing tu travailles – you work, you do work, you are working il parle – he speaks, he does speak, he is speaking

Usage of the Present Tense

Current actions Habitual actions still in effect. In “si” clauses with the future

With “depuis” and “il y a…que.”

Je lis un livre. Il regarde les nouvelles tous les jours.

Si elle a le temps, elle iraiau cinema ce soir.

J’étudie le français depuis cinq ans.

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Regular Verbs

Regular verbs end in -er, -ir, -

re

-ERje e nous onstu es vous ezil e ils entelle e elles ent

-REje s nous onstu s vous ezil _ ils entelle _ elles ent

-IRje is nous issonstu is vous issezil it ils issentelle it elles issent

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Les Verbes RéflechisI. Reflexive Verbs express actions that are

returned to the subject. The subject is also the object of the action.

II. A reflexive pronoun is used to express reflexivity. The pronoun varies for each subject.

me nouste vousse se

III. In the infinitive form, the reflexive verb uses the

pronoun se (s’ before a vowel.) Examples – se laver, se brosser,s’assesoir, s’habiller, se raser, se maquiller

Je me brosse

les dents.

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Conduire – to driveJe conduis Nous

conduisonsTu conduis Vous conduisiezIl/elle/on conduit

Ils/elle conduisent

Past participle – conduit

Suivre – to followJe suis Nous suivonsTu suis Vous suivezIl/elle/on suit Ils/elle suivent

Past participle - suivi

Mener – to leadJe mène Nous menonsTu mènes Vous menezIl/elle/on mène

Ils/elle mènent

Past participle - mené

Mettre – to put, to placeJe mets Nous mettonsTu mets Vous mettezIl/elle/on met Ils/elle

mettentPast participle - mis

ParaîtreJe parais Nous paraissonsTu parais Vous paraissezIl/elle/on paraît Ils/elle paraissent

Past participle - paru

Irregular Verbs

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Le Passé ComposéI. Use – To express certain actions in the pastII. Form

I. Helping VerbI. Avoir

I. All regular: -ER, -IR, -REII. Most irregular: avoir, être, faire, prendre, etc.

II. ÊtreI. Vandertramp – monter, rester, sortir, descendre, retourner, venir, arriver, naître,

devenir, entrer, revenir, tomber, rentrer, aller, mourir, partirII. Reflexive – all verbs with a “se” in the infinitive form.

II. Past ParticipleI. Regular Verbs

I. -ER – éII. -IR – iIII. -RE – u

II. Irregular verbs – see chart (next slide)III. Vandertramp verbs – see chart (third slide)IV. Reflexive verbs – follow the regular rules

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Common Irregular Verbs - AvoirInfinitive Past ParticipleAvoir EuÊtre ÉtéFaire FaitPrendre PrisDire DuLire LuÉcrit ÉcritDormir DormiSavoir SuConnaître Connais

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Vandertramp Verbs - Être Infinitive Past Participle

Monter MontéRester RestéSortir SortiDescendre

Descendu

Retourner RetournéVenir Venu*Arriver ArrivéNaître Né*Devenir Devenu*Entrer EntréRevenir Revenu*Tomber TombéRentrer RentréAller AlléMourir Mort*Partir Parti

Helpful Tips- Remember the acronym – MRS. DR.

VANDERTRAMP- Note that these verbs mostly deal

with comings and goings- Most of these verbs follow the same

rules to form the past participle as regular verbs- Chunk irregular past participles into

groups- Verbs based on venir – venu,

devenu, revenu- Mourir and naître – to die/to

be born

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In UseI. Conjugate the helping verb for the

subjectI. Avoir –

ai avonsas aveza ont

II. Être – suis sommeses êtesest sont

II. Form the past participle (see previous slides)

III. For verbs that take être, show agreementI. Add an “e” to the past participle for

feminine subjects.II. Add an “s” to the past participle for

plural subjects.

AvoirRegular IrregularParler – J’ai parlé au téléphone hier.

Prendre – J’ai pris le train.

Choisir – Elle a choisi la chemise verte.

Dormir – Paul a dormi pendant le film.

Vendre – Nous avons vendu notre voiture.

Vous avez fait la cuisine.

Être

Vandertramp Reflexive

Elle est tombée Nous nous sommes habillés

Je suis né Tu t’es brossé les dents.

Vous êtes allés Elles se sont reveillées

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L’ImparfaitI. Use – To express certain actions in the past.II. Form

I. Find the stemI. Remove the –ons ending from the nous form of a

verbII. One irregular stem – être = ét-

II. Add the ending that matches the subject-ais -ions-ais -iez-ait -aient

III.Examples- Quand j’avais cinq ans, j’étais très timide.- Quand elle était petite, elle passait chaque été en

France.

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Le Passé Composé vs. L’ImparfaitI. Passé Composé

I. Actions that began and ended in the past.II. Actions that took place at a specific time.

II. ImparfaitI. Habitual or continuous actions in the past.II. Physical or emotional states in the past

(setting a scene).III. Actions with no specific beginning or ending.

Time

Passé Composé Present

Imparfait

Summary Point: The imparfait indicates an

action of indeterminate duration. The passé compose indicates a

specific timeframe during which an action took place. An imperfect

action may or may not be over. An action in passé

composé is always a completed action.

Quand Marie était jeune…

elle est allée France.

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Le FuturI. Proche – Aller + infinitive

I. Conjugate aller for subjectII. Future action remains in the infinitiveIII. Ex. Je vais regarder la télé ce soir.

II. Simple – The future tenseI. Find the stem

I. -ER and –IR verbs: infinitiveII. -RE verbs: drop the “e”

II. Add the ending that matches the subject-ai -ons-ai -ez-ai -ont

III. Example- Je voyagerai en France l’année prochaine.

aller je vais nous allons tu vas vous allez il/elle va ils/elles vonts

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Le Futur AntérieurI. Form

I. Conjugate helping verb in the futur simple

II. “past” future action takes the past participle.

II. Use – To express actions that will be completed before another future action

III. ExamplesI. J’aurai fini mes études

quand je voyagerai en France.

II. Marie aura parlé à Phillippe demain.

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Le SubjonctifI. Use – to express doubtII. Form

I. StemI. Ils form in the present tenseII. Drop the –ent

II. Endings-e -ions-es -iez-e -ent

III. Irregular Verbs

je/finir(ils)

finissent

finiss-

je finisse

je -e

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Indicative: Gives the facts. Exists in all the basic tenses: Past - what happenedPresent - what happens, what is happening Future - what will happen

Subjunctive: Expresses doubt or uncertainty. Exists in the past and present: A wish or desire of someone elseCertain impersonal expression.

Subjunctive vs. Indicative

Je choisissais./j’ai choisi.Je choisis.Je vais choisir/Je choisirai

Je veux qu’elle choisisse.Il est important que tu choisisses.

You can avoid using the subjunctive by using a double verb construction instead:

Ex. Il faut que tu finisses tes devoirs. Il faut finir tes devoirs.

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Plus du SubjonctifI. With Conjunctions

à condition avantafin pourvuau cas attendrebien de craintede façon de manièrede peur de sorteen attendant tâchermalgré pour autantpour jusqu’à cesoit à moins

II. With the Imperative

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Le Passé du SubjonctifI. Form

I. Conjugate the helping verb in the subjunctive

I. avoir êtreaie ayons sois soyonsaies ayez sois soyezait aient soit soient

II. Form past participle (same as passé compose)

II. UseI. Triggered by the same expressions of wishes/desires of someone else.II. Used when the action in the subordinate clause is a past action.Ex. Je étais triste que tu n’aies pas appelé.

Nous avons passé un bon weekend, bien qu’il n’ait pas fait beau.Il fallait que tu aies compris le passé du subjonctif.

Note….The verb in the main clause does not have to be in the past in order for the verb in the subordinate clause to take the past subjunctive.

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Le Passé SimpleAbout – The passé simple is a literary text. It is used in place of the passé composé in writing.

-ER Verbs-ai -âmes-as -âtes-a -èrent

-IR Verbs-is -îmes-is -îtes-it -irent

-RE Verbs-us -ûmes-us -ûtes-ut -urent

It is formed by removing the infinitive ending and adding the ending that matches the subject.

Many irregular verbs will follow these rules as well:Irregular Verbs

-ER Rule aller-IR Rule dire, faire, mettre,

voir, prendre, naître, écrire

-RE Rule devoir, être, avoir, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir, vivre, mourir

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L’ImpératifI. Use

I. Commands/Directions/AdviceI. TuII. Vous

II. Suggestions - NousII. Form

I. Drop the subjectII. Conjugate the verb

I. Drop the “s” in the tu form with –ER verbs and allerII. Ex. Mange tes legumes!

III. With Object PronounsI. Me and te change to the stress pronouns moi and toiII. New syntax

I. Object pronouns will follow the verb with a hyphenII. Direct object pronouns le, la, les will precede indirect object pronouns moi, toi and nous.III. Ex. Tu me lances le ballon Lance-le-moi.

ATTENTION! Some verbs in the imperative require the use of the subjunctive!

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Le Participe PrésentI. Form

I. Stem – nous form in the present tense, drop –ons.

II. Add the ending –ant.III. Irregular verbs

I. être – étantII. avoir – ayantIII. savoir – sachant

II. UseI. Translated as the –ing suffix in English. II. Most often used with “en” to express an

action being performed at the time another action took place.

Ex. En faisant mes devoirs, j’ai réçu des bonnes notes.

The present participle can also be used alone to modify nouns:

Ex. Ayant faim, il a mange tout le

gâteau

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Quantity Expressionsplus de

trop de

rien de

beaucoup de

autant de

assez de

moins de

quelque chose de

plusieurs

quelques

peu de

Note…• Quantities followed by the

preposition “de” will be followed by nouns. The de will never vary. Ex. J’ai beaucoup de livres.

• Plusieurs and quelques will never be followed by a preposition. Ex. Elle a plusieurs histoires.

• Quelque chose de and rien de will be followed by adjectives in the ms. Ex. Nous avons entendu quelque chose de nouveau.

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Le PlurielI. General Rules

I. Add –sII. Ex. les chiens, les voitures,

les élèvesII. Nouns ending in –u

I. Add –xII. Ex. les châteaux, les jeux

III.Nouns ending in –alI. Change to –auxII. Ex. l’animal – les animaux

IV.Nouns ending in –s, -x, or –z I. Will not changeII. Ex. – le choix, le fils, le nez

Irregularitiesl’oeil – les yeux

monsieur – messieurs

le ciel – les cieux

madame – mesdames

le pneu – les pneus

mademoiselle - mesdemoiselles


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