![Page 1: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MEMORY
PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD.
26th October 2007
![Page 2: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Learning and memory
Learning: the process of aquiring new info or skills
Memory: the retention of what you have learned as well as its retrieval for future reference to use
![Page 3: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of memory
sensory memory short term memory long term memory
![Page 4: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7 I V F
X L 5 3
B 4 W 7
![Page 5: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sensory memory
the momentary lingering of sensory information after a stimulus has been removed
capacity is large (about 20 items) sensory storage system used to start the process of identifying
stimuli, of giving meaning to them
eidetic images
![Page 6: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Short term or working memory
contents of our conscious awareness 20 s, limited amount of info selective attention
cocktail party phenomenon encoding
effortful automatic
![Page 8: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
XHFH FKXHV
KFJWN ULSIUE
![Page 9: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BLUE YELLOW
GREEN ORANGE
![Page 10: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Short term, active storage
rehearsal 7 (+;-2) chunking information
1 4 9 1 6 2 5 3 6 4 9 6 4 8 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144 12 22
![Page 11: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Long-term memory
can store things indefinitely without active effort
procedural memory semantic memory episodic memory
![Page 12: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Long term storage
memories are not stored in one location – pattern of activation across a large group of neurons
rehearsal!!!
shallow processing - maintenance rehearsal
deep processing - elaborative rehearsal
![Page 13: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Retrieval from long term memory
recognition
recall retrieval cues tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon fixation on wrong answer
![Page 14: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Long-term memory performance
mnemonic devices Method of loci Peg word method
use of visual imagery reconstructing context and mood
![Page 15: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
General strategies
learn and comprehend rather than practice in rote fashion
match context at learning with context of retrieval
few seconds of deliberate encoding help emotional arousal use of retrieval cues frequent short learning is better than long
learning trial store your memories in more than one way
![Page 16: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Long-term memory distortions
schemas, expectations, inferences
![Page 17: MEMORY PhDr. Eva Tomešová, PhD. 26 th October 2007](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032709/56649ea85503460f94bac887/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Memory assessment
Digit-span tests of short-term memory
memory subtest of Amthauer’s Intelligence Structure Test
Rey-Osterrieth’s komplex figure level of perception activity, visuo-motor
control and attention, visual memory