Download - Membrane transport extra credit-sara milne
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Membrane Transport
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Types of Transport
Passive Transport Active Transport
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Passive Transport
Process by which membrane proteins allow molecules to cross the membrane
No energy required
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Membrane Proteins
Allow polar molecules, such as ions, sugars, and amino acids to pass through the lipid bilayer
Types: Carrier Channel
Use passive transport
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Carrier Proteins
A binding-site binds the molecule, which allows for a conformational change and thus passage through the membrane
The binding site is the complementary shape for the molecule
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Channel Proteins
Forms a pore that allows a specific molecule (correct size and charge) to cross the membrane
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Active Transport
Ions are actively pumped across the membrane – against their concentration gradient
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Ways of Driving Active Transport
Coupled Transporters ATP-Driven Pumps Light-Driven Pumps
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Coupled Transporters
Uphill transport of one molecule across the membrane as another moves down
Types: Symporters Antiporters
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Symporters
Needs two molecules moving through the protein at the same time
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Antiporters
One molecule comes in as the other moves out
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ATP-Driven Pumps
Uphill transport with ATP hydrolysis Types:
P-Type Pumps F-Type Pumps ABC Transporters
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P-Type Pumps
Pass ions across the membrane and phosphorylate themselves
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F-Type Pumps
Called ATP synthases – make ATP instead of use it Pumps H+ across the membrane to drive this
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ABC Transporters
Pump small molecules across the membrane, not just ions
Two ATP-binding sites
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Light-Driven Pumps
Uphill transport coupled with light activation
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Ion Channels
Contain water Allow ions to diffuse down 4 types:
Voltage-gated Ligand-gated (extracellular) Ligand-gated (intracellular) Mechanically gated
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Voltage-Gated
Activated by changes in electrical potential Important in neurons
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Ligand-Gated (Extracellular)
Stimuli from outside the cell opens the channel
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Ligand-Gated (Intracellular)
Stimuli from inside the cell opens the channel
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Mechanically Gated
Responds to mechanical pressure or vibration, includes stress