Download - Material System
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DIVERSITYMATTERS
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Alicia Díaz
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STATE MASS VOLUME SHAPE FLUENCY
SOLID CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT NO
LIQUID CONSTANT CONSTANT VARIABLE YES
GAS CONSTANT VARIABLE VARIABLE YES
AGGREGATION STATE OF MATTER
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html
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CLASSIFICATION
OF MATTER
MIXTUREPURE
SUBSTANCE
HOMOGENEOUS
(SOLUTIONS)
HETEROGENEOUS
(SUSPENSIONS,
COLLOIDS, ETC.)COMPOUNDSELEMENTS
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Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom.For example: gold, silver, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Simple substances Equal molecules with only one type of atom
Compounds: A substance that contains two or moreelements, the atoms of these elements always combining inthe same whole-number ratio.For example: water, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate,carbon monoxide
PURE SUBSTANCEA material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
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Homogeneous: It has the same properties at all its pointsand have only one phase. We can call this type of mixture,dissolution or solutions.
Heterogeneous: It has not the same properties at all theirpoints and are made up of more than one phase
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/solutions/character.html
MIXTUREA material with two or more substances
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SOLUTIONS
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SOLUTIONS
1. COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTIONS
2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE
CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
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1. COMPONENTS OF SOLUTIONS
• SOLUTE: is the component of themixture that has the minorproportion
• SOLVENT: is the component of themixture that has the majorproportion
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2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF
AGGREGATION
2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF
SOLUTE
2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF
SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE
SOLUTION
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SOLUT SOLVENT SOLUTION EXAMPLE
Gas
Gas GAS
Air
Liquid Moist air
Solid airborne dust
Gas
Liquid LIQUID
Coca cola
Liquid Water and alcohol
Solid Colacao milk
Gas
Solid SOLID
Hydrogen in palladium
Liquid Amalgams
Solid Alloys
2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
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2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
• CONCENTRATED: Large amounts of solute
• DILUTED: small amounts of solute
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2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
• SATURATED: It has the maximumamount of solute that the solvent candissolve at a given temperature
• UNSATURATED: It has the least amountof solute than the solvent can dissolve ata given temperature
• SUPERSATURATED: It has more solutethan the solvent is capable of dissolving ata given temperature
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3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
• Percent by mass
• Percent by volume
• Grams per liter
100m
mmass%
solution
solutsolut
100V
VVolume%
solution
solutsolut
solution
solut
L
gL/g
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SEPARATION OF MIXTURE
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SEPARATION OF MIXTURES
Separationof solids
Of different
sizesSIEVE
Of different magnetic properties
MAGNETIC
SEPARATION
Of different solubility in
different solvents
EXTRACTION
Separation of solids
and liquids
Soluble
solid
EVAPORATION
CRYSTALLIZATION
Insoluble solid
FILTRATION
CENTRIFUGE
Separationof liquids
Miscible
DISTILLATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Immiscibles DECANTING