Material Processing In what ways can we change materials?
Introduction to Material Processing Essential Questions: Identify manufacturing processes as
primary and secondary List and discuss major steps in
manufacturing processes Define secondary and primary processes
Material Processing
Material processing - changing the size, shape, and look of materials to fit human needs.
Changing the form of materials take 3 steps: Obtaining natural resources Producing industrial materials Making finished products
Look around the room – what do you see that has changed from its original state to make a product?
Obtaining Resources
Methods to obtain resources: Mining – digging the material from the
earth my means of hole or tunnel Drilling – pumping material from below the
earth’s surface through a narrow shaft Harvesting – cutting a mature, renewable
resource from the land
Primary Processing
Primary processing methods (1st step in changing the form of materials): Thermal – using heat to change
the properties of materials. Hot ores make a chemical reaction that separates metals from impurities.
Mechanical – materials are cut or crushed. Trees are cut into lumber, veneer, and chips. Rocks are crushed into gravel. They use mechanical force to change the resource.
Chemical – use chemical reactions to refine raw materials. Plastics formed by chemical reactions and simple compounds are combined to form complex polymer chains called plastics.
Primary ProcessesThermal Steel making
Cooper smelting Zinc smeltingLead smelting
Chemical Aluminum refiningPolymer formationGold refining PapermakingLeather tanning
Mechanical
Lumber manufacturePlywood manufactureParticleboard making Rock crushing
Secondary Processing
Secondary processing – secondary processes produce finished products. Leather is made into shoes Lumber is made into a furniture and houses
Types of secondary processes: Casting and molding – pouring or forcing liquid material
into a mold. The material becomes solid and is removed. Forming – using force to cause a material to permanently
shape. A die, mold, or roll is used to shape the material. Separating – changing a material’s size and shape by
removing excess material. The materials is cut or sheared in the process.
Conditioning – using heat , mechanical force, or chemical action to change the internal properties of a material
Assembling – temporarily or permanently holding two or more parts together
Finishing – Protecting or improving the appearance of the surface of a material
Summary
Raw Materials
Drilling Mining Harvesting
Thermal Processes Chemical Processes Mechanical Proc.
Casting and Molding Separating Forming
Industrial Goods
Conditioning Assembling
Finishing
Finished Goods
Are obtained by
into
And are converted by
into
Which are changed by
Secondary Processes
Primary Processes