Material Processing In what ways can we change materials?

Introduction to Material Processing Essential Questions: Identify manufacturing processes as

primary and secondary List and discuss major steps in

manufacturing processes Define secondary and primary processes

Material Processing

Material processing - changing the size, shape, and look of materials to fit human needs.

Changing the form of materials take 3 steps: Obtaining natural resources Producing industrial materials Making finished products

Look around the room – what do you see that has changed from its original state to make a product?

Obtaining Resources

Methods to obtain resources: Mining – digging the material from the

earth my means of hole or tunnel Drilling – pumping material from below the

earth’s surface through a narrow shaft Harvesting – cutting a mature, renewable

resource from the land

Primary Processing

Primary processing methods (1st step in changing the form of materials): Thermal – using heat to change

the properties of materials. Hot ores make a chemical reaction that separates metals from impurities.

Mechanical – materials are cut or crushed. Trees are cut into lumber, veneer, and chips. Rocks are crushed into gravel. They use mechanical force to change the resource.

Chemical – use chemical reactions to refine raw materials. Plastics formed by chemical reactions and simple compounds are combined to form complex polymer chains called plastics.

Primary ProcessesThermal Steel making

Cooper smelting Zinc smeltingLead smelting

Chemical Aluminum refiningPolymer formationGold refining PapermakingLeather tanning

Mechanical

Lumber manufacturePlywood manufactureParticleboard making Rock crushing

Secondary Processing

Secondary processing – secondary processes produce finished products. Leather is made into shoes Lumber is made into a furniture and houses

Types of secondary processes: Casting and molding – pouring or forcing liquid material

into a mold. The material becomes solid and is removed. Forming – using force to cause a material to permanently

shape. A die, mold, or roll is used to shape the material. Separating – changing a material’s size and shape by

removing excess material. The materials is cut or sheared in the process.

Conditioning – using heat , mechanical force, or chemical action to change the internal properties of a material

Assembling – temporarily or permanently holding two or more parts together

Finishing – Protecting or improving the appearance of the surface of a material

Summary

Raw Materials

Drilling Mining Harvesting

Thermal Processes Chemical Processes Mechanical Proc.

Casting and Molding Separating Forming

Industrial Goods

Conditioning Assembling

Finishing

Finished Goods

Are obtained by

into

And are converted by

into

Which are changed by

Secondary Processes

Primary Processes