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M.A.N.I.A Causes of WW1Militarism, Alliance System, Nationalism, Imperialism,
Assassination
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Militarism- Policy of building up military forces and weaponry and of
threatening armed aggression
- Attempting to solve political issues through threats of
aggression and war
- European countries, especially Germany and Britain, created
larger and more expensive militaries to protect existing
colonies and challenge other countries for control of new
territories
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Militarism- By the turn of the century, Germany had the most powerful army in Europe, but
Britain had the most powerful navy and wanted to keep it that way
- This led to an arms race, with both Britain and Germany competing for the most
powerful navy
- Dreadnoughts- big, fast, warships with devastating firepower
- Constant threat of war and competition for
Weapons led to bad relationships between
European nations
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Alliance System- Germany was once 32 separate nations,
but in 1871 they joined to make one of
the most powerful nations in the world
- Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was
aggressive, interfered with the business
of other countries, built a powerful navy
and army, and pushed for German
colonies around the world
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Alliance System- Germany’s aggression pushed
France and Russia into an alliance
(Dual Entente), Britain joined
after Germany’s navy began to
grow (Triple Entente)
- In response, Germany joined an
alliance with Italy and
Austria-Hungary (Triple Alliance)
- Triple Entente = Allies
- Triple Alliance = Central Powers
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Alliance System- These systems of alliance were intended to keep the peace in
Europe. War with any allied nation meant war with the whole
alliance, a threat intended to tame aggressive nations
- However, if war did break out, it would quickly spread across
continental Europe, which is exactly what happened.
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Nationalism- A shared sense of cultural heritage, pride in one’s home country, and a belief that
people of the same cultural and ethnic background should be united.
- European nations were very nationalistic, and thus willing to sacrifice themselves
to protect their country
- In the early days of the war effort, English Canadian men were eager to enlist in
order to demonstrate their nationalist pride for Britain.
- Russia felt the need to protect the Balkans because of shared cultural beliefs -
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Imperialism- Expanding one nation’s authority
or control of other lands by
economic, military, or political
means
- In other words, the creation of
colonies
- European countries trying to build
Empires by colonizing Asia, Africa,
America, ect.
- England and France became very
rich as a result of their colonies
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Imperialism- Germany wanted colonies as well and threatened the French
and British
- Austria-Hungary expanded its Empire by conquering the
Balkans, leading to hostility with Russia
- Canada, although a country in its own right, was still
considered a member of the British Empire, and thus had no
choice but to go to war with Germany.
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Assassination Part 1 - Background- The Balkans are a group of
countries located in Southeast
Europe, including Bosnia and
Serbia
- Entire region controlled by the
Ottoman Empire until the 1800s
where they gained their
independence.
- Austria-Hungary conquered
Bosnia in 1908
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Assassination - Part 1 Background- Serbia was angry by this because Austria- Hungary was a threat to them, and ethic
Serbians living in Bosnia were now under Austrian rule (think Nationalism)
- Serbia also had a strong alliance with Russia
- Russia felt it was their duty to protect The Balkans because of a shared cultural
and ethnic background
- Animosity between Austria-Hungary and Russia over control of the Balkans.
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Assassination- Part 2: Franz Ferdinand- Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
Austria decided to visit Sarajevo,
Bosnia to inspect troops, along
with his pregnant wife
- On Sunday June 28, 1914, Franz
Ferdinand was shot by Gavrillo
Princip, a member of the Black
Hand, a Bosnian terrorist group
- The Black Hand wanted to force
Austria-Hungary out of Bosnia and
have Bosnia become part of Serbia
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“The Gunshot Heard Around the World”
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Consequences of the Assassination- After the assassination, it was discovered that The Black Hand was founded by a
Serbian General. This angered the Austria-Hungarians and they wanted answers!
- Austria-Hungary turned to alliance member Germany for support; feared
retaliation from the Russians
- Germany offered a Blank Cheque deal, meaning they would give Austria-Hungary
all the money and support they would need to defeat the Serbians
- Serbia was given a list of demands/ultimatums to avoid a war. They met all
demands expect one - they would not allow Austria Hungary into Serbia to
conduct their investigation into the assassination
- As such, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28,1914.