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LN# 6
Life Substances
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How are cells organized?• Cells are specialized to
do specific jobs.• Cells do not work alone.• Many thousands of cells
make up a tissue.• Tissue = a group of cells
that work together to perform a specific function.
• Organs are made of many types of tissue.
Muscle Cell
Muscle Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
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What are cells made of?
• Cells are made of 4 types of macromolecules.
• Macromolecules are large molecules used by your body.
• The 4 types of macromolecules are polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.
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Macromolecule Structure
• All macromolecules have the same basic structure.
• The large molecule (polymer) is made by joining smaller molecules (monomer) together.
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Polysaccharides
• Polymer = polysaccharides.
• Monomer = Monosaccharides.
• Function = – store energy,– provide structure,– used by cell for
identification and building material.
• Sacchar means sugar.• This group of molecules
are carbohydrates or sugars.
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Lipids (fats)
• Polymer = Lipids• Monomer = glycerol
and fatty acid tails.• Function =
– Important part of membranes.
– Store energy, one gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of carbohydrate.
– Protection and cushion of organs.
– Insulation.
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Nucleid Acids
• Polymer = Nucleic Acids
• Monomer = Nucleotides
• Function = – Stores genetic
information in the form of a code.
– Instruction for making proteins.
DNA
Nucleotide
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Proteins
• Polymer = Proteins• Monomer = Amino acids• Function =
– Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes).
– Pump molecules in and out of the cell.
– Allows cell to move.– Protect against disease.– Hormones are proteins.
Protein being made by the cell.