LN# 6

Life Substances

How are cells organized?• Cells are specialized to

do specific jobs.• Cells do not work alone.• Many thousands of cells

make up a tissue.• Tissue = a group of cells

that work together to perform a specific function.

• Organs are made of many types of tissue.

Muscle Cell

Muscle Tissue

Organ

Organ system

Organism

What are cells made of?

• Cells are made of 4 types of macromolecules.

• Macromolecules are large molecules used by your body.

• The 4 types of macromolecules are polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

Macromolecule Structure

• All macromolecules have the same basic structure.

• The large molecule (polymer) is made by joining smaller molecules (monomer) together.

Polysaccharides

• Polymer = polysaccharides.

• Monomer = Monosaccharides.

• Function = – store energy,– provide structure,– used by cell for

identification and building material.

• Sacchar means sugar.• This group of molecules

are carbohydrates or sugars.

Lipids (fats)

• Polymer = Lipids• Monomer = glycerol

and fatty acid tails.• Function =

– Important part of membranes.

– Store energy, one gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of carbohydrate.

– Protection and cushion of organs.

– Insulation.

Nucleid Acids

• Polymer = Nucleic Acids

• Monomer = Nucleotides

• Function = – Stores genetic

information in the form of a code.

– Instruction for making proteins.

DNA

Nucleotide

Proteins

• Polymer = Proteins• Monomer = Amino acids• Function =

– Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes).

– Pump molecules in and out of the cell.

– Allows cell to move.– Protect against disease.– Hormones are proteins.

Protein being made by the cell.