““Lighting the Way to Nano-Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”Technology through Innovation”
P.N.Prasad
International Joint Research CenterInternational Joint Research Centerfor Nanophotonics and Biophotonics:for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics:
Meeting the 21Meeting the 21stst
Century Technical ChallengesCentury Technical Challenges
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Multidisciplinary Frontier Research in Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Extensive Research Facility ($26 million)
Education and Training Funded by NSF
Industrial Collaboration : Co-development, Industrial training, advanced testing
Technology Transfer : 7 spin off companies (LPT, ACIS, Hybrid Technologies, NanoBiotix, Nanoaxis, Hangzhou Mingyue Laser Optoelectronics Co and Solexant Inc.)
Discussion with RUSNANO on a joint venture Nanobiotech company in Russia
International collaboration : Joint research, Student exchange, Joint workshop
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Niagara Falls
Nanotechnology at ILPB
Multifunctional Nanomaterials
Metamaterials Nanoassebles and nano/microfabrication
Health care
Energy
Information technology
Chem/Bio technology
January 2008: Brazil
February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: PhilippinesMay 2008: China
September 2008: RomaniaNovember 2008: China, KoreaDecember 2008: Russia
ILPB Nanotechnology NetworkCollaboration Visits (2008-2009)
2008
February 2009: Dubai
March 2009: Malta, GermanyAugust 2009: Ireland
May 2009: China
July 2009: Italy, Russia
September 2009: China, KoreaAugust 2009: Brazil
September 2009: Chile
ILPB Nanotechnology NetworkCollaboration Visits (2008-2009)
January 2008: Brazil
February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: PhilippinesMay 2008: China
September 2008: RomaniaNovember 2008: China, KoreaDecember 2008: Russia
2008 2009
Impact of Nanotechnology:Impact of Nanotechnology:Subject of Global Priorities Subject of Global Priorities
Energy
Health Care
ChemicalAnd
Biodefense
Environment
Information Technology
Global Government Funding in 2008:
7.849 B$
US: 1.821 B$
China: 0.510 B$
Russia: 1.076 B$ EU: 2.440 B$
India: 0.050 B$
Korea: 0.350 B$ Japan: 1.128 B$
http://www.cientifica.eu/images/Whitepapers/nor-sample.pdf
Rest of World: 0.510 B$
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
NANOTECHNOLOGY: A GLOBAL PRIORITY
NANOPHOTONICS
Nanoscale Optical Interactions and Excitation Dynamics: Manipulation and Manifestations
Size Dependent Optical Transitions
Novel Optical Resonances
Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics
Manipulation of Light Propagation
Nanoscopic Field Enhancement
Solar Energy,
Information Technology,
Environmental Monitoring,
Healthcare
Technologies for global priorities:
NANOPHOTONICS FROM MEDIEVAL AGES(Stained Glass Window in Notre Dame de Paris: Rose Window)
Metallic nanoparticle doped glassesMetallic nanoparticle doped glasses
Nanophotonics in the Marketplace
* Nanoparticle u.v. absorber in sunscreen lotions: - TiO2, ZnO
* Semiconductor Lasers (Laser pointers, Laser printers, DVD players)
- Quantum well lasers
* Solid State Lasers for Chemical Sensing - Quantum cascade lasers
* Nanoplasmonic Home-pregnancy kit
NANOPHOTONICS: A Dream or Reality?
NANOPHOTONICSNANOPHOTONICS
Dendrimers: Control ofDendrimers: Control ofexcitation dynamicsexcitation dynamics
3 nm 7 nm3 nm 7 nm
QDs: Size-dependent QDs: Size-dependent absorption/emissionabsorption/emission
Photonic crystals:Photonic crystals:Manipulation of light propagationManipulation of light propagation
Nanotrapping:Nanotrapping:Subwavelength controlSubwavelength controlof field gradientsof field gradients
Plasmonic arrays:Plasmonic arrays:Field enhancement,Field enhancement,Novel optical resonancesNovel optical resonances
• Nanomaterials: Colloidal quantum dots, High dielectric oxides, core-shell semiconductors, nanostructured electrodes, nanowires and conductive polymers all contribute to efficiency of PV, thermoelectric, battery, and capacitor subsystems. Nanomaterials enable appropriate structures and geometries to achieve maximum results.
Portable Renewable Energy DevicePortable Renewable Energy Device
Solar Energy
Abundant energy source
only available during day
Advanced Storage
High performance battery and supercapacitor systems
Waste heat
Electricity
Thermoelectrics
High Z nanostructured thin films
Electricity
Nanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar EnergyNanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar Energy
Current technologies need improvement in:• IR conversion• UV conversion
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Carrier multiplicationby UV absorption in quantum dots
Bi-exciton
Hot Exciton
ħωc
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
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2.5
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Sample #0510073_3Absorption Peak: 1670nmApplied Bias: 3V
S.J. Kim, P.N.Prasad et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 031107 (2008)
Nanophotonics solution:3 nm 7 nm3 nm 7 nm
QD with tunable absorption
Photon Harvestingby IR absorbing QDs
Facilitated Charge separationBy conjugation to SWNT
Enhanced charge collection by high mobility organics
Quantum dotsfor harvestingIR photons
Cho, Prasad et al.,Adv. Mater. 19, 232 (2007)
Light Harvesting by Nature
Vision
Photosynthesisin plants
Vitamin DPhotosynthesis
1000 BCIndia, China and
Egypt use light to treat skin
disease
400 BCGreeks use
Heliotherapy (whole body light
exposure)
1900Hematoporphyrin
discovered
1975RPCI reports
first cancer cure using PDT
1993Photofrin licensed as first photosensitizer
for Basal cell cancer
1980-1985Laser
technology advances
PDT
|| | | | ||
Photodynamic Therapy
Historical Milestones
|
Harnessing Light for Therapy
Digital Finger Pulse Oximeter
Light
Absorption Spectrometer
Negative Positive
Pregnancy Test
Current Technologies inHarnessing Light for Healthcare Diagnostics
Flow Cytometry
Harnessing Light for Healthcare:
Biophotonics
Optical Activation andMonitoring of
Therapy
Laser TissueEngineering
Laser Tweezersand Scissors
Bioimaging Biosensors
Optical Diagnostics
UB-ILPB Biophotonics Research Program
Unique propertiesat nanoscale
Multimodality/Multiplexibility
Controlledrelease
Targeted delivery
NANOTECHNOLOGY: Impact on Health Care
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
NANOMEDICINEApplications
In VivoDiagnostics
Theranostics:‘see and treat’
Nanotherapeuticsdrug/gene delivery
In VitroDiagnostics
Nanomedicine – New Era in Personalized Medicine
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Obesity
Addictions
Aging
Current and Future Health Care Challenges
InfectiousDiseases
Cancer
Genetic Disorders
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Nanotechnology-based In Vitro
Diagnostics
TORCH* Infections
Malaria
Influenza(Swine Flu)
Tuberculosis
HIV, HPV, Hepatitis B
Meningitis
*TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (eg. Chicken pox, human parvovirus), Rubella, Cytomegaloviruse, Herpes simplex virus or HIV
Collaboration with Center for Disease Control, Atlanta
Our approach: Quantum Dot Nanoprobes for protein detection using microbead capture with flow cytometry
In-Vivo DiagnosticsMultimodal Nanoplatforms
for Medical Imaging
PET124I labeled-ORMOSIL
MRIGd-doped Nanophosphor
OpticalGd-doped Nanophosphor
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
M. Nyk, P.N.Prasad et al, Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11):3834; R. Kumar, P.N.Prasad et al. Avd. Func. Mater. (In Press, 2008)
SPECT/CT125I labeled-ORMOSIL
Cancer nanotechnologyTargeted delivery ● Controlled release ● Multimodal therapy ● Real time monitoring
With Uttam Sinha, M.D.Univ. of Southern California
Gene TherapyHead & Neck, Lung cancer
Gold NanorodGold Nanorod
With McMaster Univ.
Neutron capture therapyBrain, prostate cancer
NaYF4: Tm/GdNaYF4: Tm/Gd
With Anirban Maitra, M.DJohns Hopkins Univ. Medicine
ChemotherapyPancreatic, Prostate cancer
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Magnetic therapy
US patent No. 6,514,481
Nanoclinic
Breast & Oral cancer
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
With Ravi K Pandey, Ph.D. Roswell Park Cancer Institute
PSPSSi
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ORMOSIL nanoparticle
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Photodynamic therapyCervical, skin cancer
Gene Therapy Gene Therapy using ORMOSIL using ORMOSIL
and GNR and GNR NanoparticlesNanoparticles
StrokeStimulation of neuron
repair/replacement (neurogenesis) using gene
upregulation
Infectious DiseaseGene silencing to modulate primary influenza infection
and secondary bacteria pneumonia
Lung InjuryIncrease gene expression after
injury to prevent secondary bacteria infection
Chronic PainGene silencing of neuron
signaling pathways involved in chronic pain
Drug AddictionGene silencing of signaling
cascade involved in addiction process
ObesityModulation of energy intake
using gene silencing
AsthmaGene silencing of
enzymes causing lung remodeling
Huntingtons DiseaseGeneration of mouse model
using gene insertion
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Nanoplex
Gene delivery using nanoparticles
•Electrostatic gene condensation•Efficient cellular entry•Non-toxicity•High gene expression/silencing
Nucleus
Endosome
Protein
Nanoplex
Nucleus
Endosome
Protein
Nanoplex
Gene Augmentation e.g. CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis Gene Silencing e.g. Oncogene in Cancer
Nucleus
Endosome
Protein
Nanoplex
Nucleus
Endosome
Protein
Nanoplex
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
NanotechnologyFor
Information
Communication:
• Reconfigurable PhotonicCrystals
• 3D Plasmonic Guiding and RoutingNetwork
Displays(Organic Displays:
OLED, PLED)Storage:• 3D Two-Photon Storage• Holographic Storage
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Processing:• Electro-optic Processing Using
Supramolecular Structuresand Nanocomposites
• Electrically and Optically SwitchablePhotonic Crystals
Nanotechnologyfor
Environment
Rapid in-field and remotemonitoring
Nanoporous membranetechnology for
decontaminationand purification
Nanoparticle basedcapture platform
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Nanostructured sensorand device platforms
Nanotechnologyfor
Chem/Bio Defense
Rapid in-field and remote detection
Nanomedicine basedrapid medical response
Nanostructured capture anddetoxification platform
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Rapid disseminationof information
Nanostructuredsensor platforms
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
• A new Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Frontier
• Ripe for Technological Innovation and Commercial Opportunities
• Destined to create Immense Societal Impact
AcknowledgementsProf. A.CartwrightDr. K.TramposchDr. E.J. BergeyDr. G.S.HeDr. H. PudavarDr. K.T. YongDr. T. OhulchanskyyDr. I. RoyDr. S. KimMr. J. QianDr. H. DingDr. A. KachynskiDr. A. KuzminDr. A. PlissDr. A. BonoiuDr. D. BharaliDr. R.KumarDr. S. MahajanDr. J.W. SeoMr. S.J. KimMr. S.S. Kim
AFSOR (Dr. Charles Lee)National Cancer InstituteNational Science FoundationAFRL (Dr. Augustine Urbas)OISHEI FOUNDATION
Outside Collaborators
Prof. R. PandeyProf. A. OseroffProf. M. StachowiakProf. K.S. LeeProf. M. SamocProf. P. KnightDr. P. WallaceDr. A. MaitraDr. S. SchwartzDr. U. SinhaDr. R. Masood
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu