“lighting the way to nano-technology through innovation” p.n.prasad international joint research...

““Lighting the Way to Nano-Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”Technology through Innovation”

P.N.Prasad

International Joint Research CenterInternational Joint Research Centerfor Nanophotonics and Biophotonics:for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics:

Meeting the 21Meeting the 21stst

Century Technical ChallengesCentury Technical Challenges

The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics www.photonics.buffalo.edu

The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

Multidisciplinary Frontier Research in Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

Extensive Research Facility ($26 million)

Education and Training Funded by NSF

Industrial Collaboration : Co-development, Industrial training, advanced testing

Technology Transfer : 7 spin off companies (LPT, ACIS, Hybrid Technologies, NanoBiotix, Nanoaxis, Hangzhou Mingyue Laser Optoelectronics Co and Solexant Inc.)

Discussion with RUSNANO on a joint venture Nanobiotech company in Russia

International collaboration : Joint research, Student exchange, Joint workshop


Niagara Falls

Nanotechnology at ILPB

Multifunctional Nanomaterials

Metamaterials Nanoassebles and nano/microfabrication

Health care

Energy

Information technology

Chem/Bio technology

January 2008: Brazil

February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: PhilippinesMay 2008: China

September 2008: RomaniaNovember 2008: China, KoreaDecember 2008: Russia

ILPB Nanotechnology NetworkCollaboration Visits (2008-2009)

2008

February 2009: Dubai

March 2009: Malta, GermanyAugust 2009: Ireland

May 2009: China

July 2009: Italy, Russia

September 2009: China, KoreaAugust 2009: Brazil

September 2009: Chile

ILPB Nanotechnology NetworkCollaboration Visits (2008-2009)

January 2008: Brazil

February 2008: Qatar, India October 2008: PhilippinesMay 2008: China

September 2008: RomaniaNovember 2008: China, KoreaDecember 2008: Russia

2008 2009

Impact of Nanotechnology:Impact of Nanotechnology:Subject of Global Priorities Subject of Global Priorities

Energy

Health Care

ChemicalAnd

Biodefense

Environment

Information Technology

Global Government Funding in 2008:

7.849 B$

US: 1.821 B$

China: 0.510 B$

Russia: 1.076 B$ EU: 2.440 B$

India: 0.050 B$

Korea: 0.350 B$ Japan: 1.128 B$

http://www.cientifica.eu/images/Whitepapers/nor-sample.pdf

Rest of World: 0.510 B$


NANOTECHNOLOGY: A GLOBAL PRIORITY

NANOPHOTONICS

Nanoscale Optical Interactions and Excitation Dynamics: Manipulation and Manifestations

Size Dependent Optical Transitions

Novel Optical Resonances

Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics

Manipulation of Light Propagation

Nanoscopic Field Enhancement

Solar Energy,

Information Technology,

Environmental Monitoring,

Healthcare

Technologies for global priorities:

NANOPHOTONICS FROM MEDIEVAL AGES(Stained Glass Window in Notre Dame de Paris: Rose Window)

Metallic nanoparticle doped glassesMetallic nanoparticle doped glasses

Nanophotonics in the Marketplace

* Nanoparticle u.v. absorber in sunscreen lotions: - TiO2, ZnO

* Semiconductor Lasers (Laser pointers, Laser printers, DVD players)

- Quantum well lasers

* Solid State Lasers for Chemical Sensing - Quantum cascade lasers

* Nanoplasmonic Home-pregnancy kit

NANOPHOTONICS: A Dream or Reality?

NANOPHOTONICSNANOPHOTONICS

Dendrimers: Control ofDendrimers: Control ofexcitation dynamicsexcitation dynamics

3 nm 7 nm3 nm 7 nm

QDs: Size-dependent QDs: Size-dependent absorption/emissionabsorption/emission

Photonic crystals:Photonic crystals:Manipulation of light propagationManipulation of light propagation

Nanotrapping:Nanotrapping:Subwavelength controlSubwavelength controlof field gradientsof field gradients

Plasmonic arrays:Plasmonic arrays:Field enhancement,Field enhancement,Novel optical resonancesNovel optical resonances

• Nanomaterials: Colloidal quantum dots, High dielectric oxides, core-shell semiconductors, nanostructured electrodes, nanowires and conductive polymers all contribute to efficiency of PV, thermoelectric, battery, and capacitor subsystems. Nanomaterials enable appropriate structures and geometries to achieve maximum results.

Portable Renewable Energy DevicePortable Renewable Energy Device

Solar Energy

Abundant energy source

only available during day

Advanced Storage

High performance battery and supercapacitor systems

Waste heat

Electricity

Thermoelectrics

High Z nanostructured thin films

Electricity

Nanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar EnergyNanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar Energy

Current technologies need improvement in:• IR conversion• UV conversion


Carrier multiplicationby UV absorption in quantum dots

Bi-exciton

Hot Exciton

ħωc

2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

No

rma

lize

d C

arr

ier

Extr

actio

n

[Ele

ctr

on

s/

Ph

oto

ns

]Photon Energy/E

g

Sample #0510073_3Absorption Peak: 1670nmApplied Bias: 3V

S.J. Kim, P.N.Prasad et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 031107 (2008)

Nanophotonics solution:3 nm 7 nm3 nm 7 nm

QD with tunable absorption

Photon Harvestingby IR absorbing QDs

Facilitated Charge separationBy conjugation to SWNT

Enhanced charge collection by high mobility organics

Quantum dotsfor harvestingIR photons

Cho, Prasad et al.,Adv. Mater. 19, 232 (2007)

Light Harvesting by Nature

Vision

Photosynthesisin plants

Vitamin DPhotosynthesis

1000 BCIndia, China and

Egypt use light to treat skin

disease

400 BCGreeks use

Heliotherapy (whole body light

exposure)

1900Hematoporphyrin

discovered

1975RPCI reports

first cancer cure using PDT

1993Photofrin licensed as first photosensitizer

for Basal cell cancer

1980-1985Laser

technology advances

PDT

|| | | | ||

Photodynamic Therapy

Historical Milestones

|

Harnessing Light for Therapy

Digital Finger Pulse Oximeter

Light

Absorption Spectrometer

Negative Positive

Pregnancy Test

Current Technologies inHarnessing Light for Healthcare Diagnostics

Flow Cytometry

Harnessing Light for Healthcare:

Biophotonics

Optical Activation andMonitoring of

Therapy

Laser TissueEngineering

Laser Tweezersand Scissors

Bioimaging Biosensors

Optical Diagnostics

UB-ILPB Biophotonics Research Program

Unique propertiesat nanoscale

Multimodality/Multiplexibility

Controlledrelease

Targeted delivery

NANOTECHNOLOGY: Impact on Health Care


NANOMEDICINEApplications

In VivoDiagnostics

Theranostics:‘see and treat’

Nanotherapeuticsdrug/gene delivery

In VitroDiagnostics

Nanomedicine – New Era in Personalized Medicine


Obesity

Addictions

Aging

Current and Future Health Care Challenges

InfectiousDiseases

Cancer

Genetic Disorders


Nanotechnology-based In Vitro

Diagnostics

TORCH* Infections

Malaria

Influenza(Swine Flu)

Tuberculosis

HIV, HPV, Hepatitis B

Meningitis

*TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (eg. Chicken pox, human parvovirus), Rubella, Cytomegaloviruse, Herpes simplex virus or HIV

Collaboration with Center for Disease Control, Atlanta

Our approach: Quantum Dot Nanoprobes for protein detection using microbead capture with flow cytometry

In-Vivo DiagnosticsMultimodal Nanoplatforms

for Medical Imaging

PET124I labeled-ORMOSIL

MRIGd-doped Nanophosphor

OpticalGd-doped Nanophosphor


M. Nyk, P.N.Prasad et al, Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11):3834; R. Kumar, P.N.Prasad et al. Avd. Func. Mater. (In Press, 2008)

SPECT/CT125I labeled-ORMOSIL

Cancer nanotechnologyTargeted delivery ● Controlled release ● Multimodal therapy ● Real time monitoring

With Uttam Sinha, M.D.Univ. of Southern California

Gene TherapyHead & Neck, Lung cancer

Gold NanorodGold Nanorod

With McMaster Univ.

Neutron capture therapyBrain, prostate cancer

NaYF4: Tm/GdNaYF4: Tm/Gd

With Anirban Maitra, M.DJohns Hopkins Univ. Medicine

ChemotherapyPancreatic, Prostate cancer

lysineYY

YY

lysineYY

YY

lysinelysineYY

YY

lysineYY

YY

lysineYY

YY

lysinelysineYY

YY

Magnetic therapy

US patent No. 6,514,481

Nanoclinic

Breast & Oral cancer


With Ravi K Pandey, Ph.D. Roswell Park Cancer Institute

PSPSSi

O

OO

I

SiO OI

ORMOSIL nanoparticle

SiO

OO I

PSPSSi

O

OO

I

SiO OI

ORMOSIL nanoparticle

SiO

OO I

Photodynamic therapyCervical, skin cancer

Gene Therapy Gene Therapy using ORMOSIL using ORMOSIL

and GNR and GNR NanoparticlesNanoparticles

StrokeStimulation of neuron

repair/replacement (neurogenesis) using gene

upregulation

Infectious DiseaseGene silencing to modulate primary influenza infection

and secondary bacteria pneumonia

Lung InjuryIncrease gene expression after

injury to prevent secondary bacteria infection

Chronic PainGene silencing of neuron

signaling pathways involved in chronic pain

Drug AddictionGene silencing of signaling

cascade involved in addiction process

ObesityModulation of energy intake

using gene silencing

AsthmaGene silencing of

enzymes causing lung remodeling

Huntingtons DiseaseGeneration of mouse model

using gene insertion


Nanoplex

Gene delivery using nanoparticles

•Electrostatic gene condensation•Efficient cellular entry•Non-toxicity•High gene expression/silencing

Nucleus

Endosome

Protein

Nanoplex

Nucleus

Endosome

Protein

Nanoplex

Gene Augmentation e.g. CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis Gene Silencing e.g. Oncogene in Cancer

Nucleus

Endosome

Protein

Nanoplex

Nucleus

Endosome

Protein

Nanoplex


NanotechnologyFor

Information

Communication:

• Reconfigurable PhotonicCrystals

• 3D Plasmonic Guiding and RoutingNetwork

Displays(Organic Displays:

OLED, PLED)Storage:• 3D Two-Photon Storage• Holographic Storage


Processing:• Electro-optic Processing Using

Supramolecular Structuresand Nanocomposites

• Electrically and Optically SwitchablePhotonic Crystals

Nanotechnologyfor

Environment

Rapid in-field and remotemonitoring

Nanoporous membranetechnology for

decontaminationand purification

Nanoparticle basedcapture platform


Nanostructured sensorand device platforms

Nanotechnologyfor

Chem/Bio Defense

Rapid in-field and remote detection

Nanomedicine basedrapid medical response

Nanostructured capture anddetoxification platform


Rapid disseminationof information

Nanostructuredsensor platforms


NanotechnologyNanotechnology

• A new Multidisciplinary Scientific Research Frontier

• Ripe for Technological Innovation and Commercial Opportunities

• Destined to create Immense Societal Impact

AcknowledgementsProf. A.CartwrightDr. K.TramposchDr. E.J. BergeyDr. G.S.HeDr. H. PudavarDr. K.T. YongDr. T. OhulchanskyyDr. I. RoyDr. S. KimMr. J. QianDr. H. DingDr. A. KachynskiDr. A. KuzminDr. A. PlissDr. A. BonoiuDr. D. BharaliDr. R.KumarDr. S. MahajanDr. J.W. SeoMr. S.J. KimMr. S.S. Kim

AFSOR (Dr. Charles Lee)National Cancer InstituteNational Science FoundationAFRL (Dr. Augustine Urbas)OISHEI FOUNDATION

Outside Collaborators

Prof. R. PandeyProf. A. OseroffProf. M. StachowiakProf. K.S. LeeProf. M. SamocProf. P. KnightDr. P. WallaceDr. A. MaitraDr. S. SchwartzDr. U. SinhaDr. R. Masood


“lighting the way to nano-technology through innovation” p.n.prasad international joint research...

Documents

global priority slide

novel optical resonances

nanophotonics dendrimers

impact of nanotechnology

solid state lasers

nsf industrial collaboration

joint workshop niagara

laser printers