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3-imperfect 4-preterite 5-preterite: car, gar, zar 6- preterite: spock verbs 7- preterite- cucaracha verbs 8- preterite: snake y snakey 9- modal verbs 10- adverbs 11- progressives- past 12- progressives- present 13- future tense 14-future: irregulars 15- superlatives 16- formal commands 17- prepositions 18- conditional 19- demonstratives 20- ordinal numbers
The imperfect is used for past actions that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end.
AR ER/IR
Aba Iba
Abas Ibas
Aba Iba
Ábamos Íbamos
Aban iban
This is used to describe what you did in the past.
Ex. I ate yesterday.Yo comí ayer.
AR ER/IR
E I
Aste Iste
O Io
Amos Imos
Aron ieron
Dar y Ver Ser y Ir Hacer
d/v: i fui hice
d/v: iste fuiste hiciste
d/v: io fue hizo
d/v: imos fuimos hicimos
d/v: ieron fuieron hicieron
Verb Cucaraca Form Verb Cucaracha Form
Andar Anduve- Estar Estuve-
Poder Pud- Poner Pus-
Quere Quis- Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv- Venir Vin-
Conducir Conduj- Producir Produj-
Traducir Traduj- Decir Dij-
Traer Traj-
For the preterite form of these verbs, you use the cucaracha form and then add the conjugated ending.
-e -iste -o-imos -isteis -ieron
It only stem changes in the 3rd person
Dormir Leer
Dormí Leí
Dormimos Leimos
Dormiste Leiste
Durmió Leyó
Dumieron Leyeron
In the 3rd person preterite form of –er and –ir verbs with stems that end in a vowel,
change the I to a Y.
For these you use the conjugated form of a verb and then say the infinitive
Conjugated verb + infinitive
In English, all adverbs end in –ly, in spanish, you put the adjective in the feminine form and ad the ending –mente.
Ex. Rapido Rapida Rapidamente!
In English, these have the ending –ing. In spanish, they differ between ar, er, and irverbs.
AR -andoER/IR -iendoEX. Trabajar trabajandoComer comiendo
This tense, EL PASADO PROGRESIVO, is used when you say sentences such as..
I was working. Estaba trabajando. / Trabajaba They were studying. Ellos estaban estudiando ahora. We were selling a novel Estábamos vendiendo una novela. He was eating a lot. Él estaba comiendo mucho. She was leaving in two days. Estaba partiendo en dos díasor.. partía en dos días
Used to say “I will do something.”Infinitive + AR(á, ás, á, emos, eis, án) or ER/IR(é,
ás, á, emos, éis, án)I will eat tomorrow. Yo comeré manana.
Infinitive Base for Conjugation
Decir Dir-
Hacer Har-
Poner Pondr-
Salir Saldr-
Tener Tendr-
Voler Vendr-
Podir Podr-
Querer Quer-
Saber Sabr-
definite article + noun + más (menos) + adjective + de
A superlative describes something relative toa larger group.
Ex. Paul is the smartest boy in the class.Paul es el chico más intelligente de la clase.
In the Usted/Ustedes form, you put it in the yo form and change it to a feminine form.
Ex. TrabajarTrabajoTrabaja Usted, trabaja en el proyecto por favor.
Abajo: below Arriba: above Debajo: under Dentro: inside Encima: abpove Fuera: outside Cerca: near Lejos: far Detras: behind
Prepositions are used to describe where something is comparatively to something else.
Used to tell how something could/would have happened.
Ar Er Irhablar comer vivir hablaría comería viviría hablarías comerías viviríashablaría comería viviríahablaríamos comeríamos viviríamoshablaríais comeríais viviríaishablarían comerían vivirían
These are used to help describe which object somebody is talking about
This That That Over There
Este Ese Aquel
Esta Esa Aquella
These Those Those Over There
Estos Esos Aquellos
Estas Esas Aquellas