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KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg andNational Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association
ITC-CPV
www.kit.edu
Biomass for energy fuels & chemicalsProf. Eckhard DinjusDr. N. Boukis, Dr. N. Dahmen, Dr. L. Leible and Prof. M. Kaltschmitt (DBFZ)
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV2 25.09.2009
Quelle:BGR
Oil era –2500 years time window
world population
Oil consumptiontoday ~ 4 Gtoe
?
billion
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
today ~ 6,8
?Year
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV3 25.09.2009
32%
21%
26%
5%
6%
10%
ÖlGasKohleKernenergieWasserkraftBiomasse
World-wide energy systemTotal: about 12 Gtoe primary energy
100 %primaryenergy
63 %endenergy
29 %effectiveenergy
Transport conversion
Efficiency of use
Transport 19 %
residential10 %
industry29 %
commerce5 %
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV4 25.09.2009
forest (woodland)
agriculture
gras
slan
d
othe
r lan
d
desert (tundra)
Global biomass production
69 % forest
(27 Gt C/y)
11 %agri-culture11 %
grassland
6 %other
3 %desert
energy conversion factors: 1 tC ≈ 1.12 tce ≈ 0.77 toe ≈ ca. 2 t carbon coal oil dry biomass
ecosystemsoceans 351 million km2 (71 %)land 149 million km2 (29 %)
net biomass productionocean ∼ 25 Gt C/y, land ∼ 40 Gt C/ytotal ∼ 65 Gt C per year
net biomassproductivitykg C per m2
0 10.5
area %
agriculture
grassland
other land
desert(tundra)
36
6
15
9
34
tropical rain
forestsother
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV5 25.09.2009
Production and use of land biomass30 Gtoe land biomass in 2000(32 Gtoe in 2100)
69 % forests, ¼ wood11 % agriculture10 % grassland10 % other biomass
non-woody partsrotted on-site
48 %
10 %otherbiomass
10 %grassland
7 %unused
straw 4 %grain 4 %
residues 4 %crops 4 %
wood16 %
cereal16 %
other
forestry:
1.5 % "timber" waste6 % fuelwood
agriculture:
0.7 % "grain“ waste
2 % cereal straw
0.6 % other residues
0.7 % "crop“ waste
0.4 % unsuited hay1 Gtoe biofuel in 20004 Gtoe biofuel in 2100
~ 50 % fuelwood~ 25 % agroresidues~ 25 % biowastes year 2100 percentage
fuelwood 6 %
timbe
r 3 %
~ 9 % wood and ´straw´~ 3 % biowaste
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV6 25.09.2009
Maximum bioenergy scenariocrude estimate for 150 Mkm2 global land area
forests 1 kg/m2*a
Gt/aupgrowth bioenergy
50 Mkm2: average upgrowth 50
grassland 0,5 kg/m2*a
20 Mkm2: for animal food, business as usual 10 0
agriculture 2 kg/m2*a (harvest)
10 Mkm2:
10 Mkm2:
for food and feed, SCP and irrigation 20
5
525 % residues
energy plantations, organic material 20 20
90 Mkm2:sum: without ca. 60 Mkm2
desert, tundra,…100 30
30 Gt/a dry lignocellulose correspond to 12 Gtoe/a, the present primary energy need
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV7 25.09.2009
Competitive use of biomass
wood (construction material)organic raw materials
(cellulose, paper, cotton, rubber latex…)
biorefinery: BtC (carbon products)The organic chemical industry of the future arebio-chemical, thermo-chemical, physico-chemical conversion processes
ore reductant (iron)high T process heat (cement, lime, ceramic…)
residential fuelCHPCo-firing
human and animal food
decreasing priority
bioenergy
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV8 25.09.2009
Utilization options of biomass for energy
BIO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION
Alcoholic Fermen-
tationCom-
postingAnaerob.Fermen-
tation
Mech. & el.
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV9 25.09.2009
Production costs of heat, electricity and FT-Synfuel from wood residues and cereal straw (basis 2006)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
ElectricityHeat FT-Synfuel
reference: coal-fired power plant (500 MWe)
reference: fossil diesel (65 $/bbl)reference: heat fromheating oil (30 kWw)
a) Industrial wood (pellets, 92% DM) b) Wood residues (chips, 50% DM) c) Straw (bales, 86% DM)
CHP
combustion gasification pyrolysis and gasification
ITAS LL/2008
Prod
uctio
n co
sts
(€/M
Wh)
decentral integrated
500
MW
th(0
.12
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
Two-step BtL-concept bc)
1500
MW
th(0
.37
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
5000
MW
th(1
.26
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(10-
67 M
Win)
Hea
ting
plan
t b)
(500
kW
w)
Smal
l fur
nace
a)(3
0 kW
w)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(1.5
-13.
4 M
We)
Pow
er p
lant
bc)
(20-
45 M
We)
Co-
com
bust
ion
bc)
(10%
of 5
00 M
We)
Flui
dise
d be
d bc
)
(2.8
-63
MW
e)
Co-
gasi
ficat
ion
b)
(app
rox.
4%
of 5
00 M
We)
Fixe
d be
d b)
(460
kW
e)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
ElectricityHeat FT-Synfuel
reference: coal-fired power plant (500 MWe)reference: coal-fired power plant (500 MWe)
reference: fossil diesel (65 $/bbl)reference: fossil diesel (65 $/bbl)reference: heat fromheating oil (30 kWw)reference: heat fromheating oil (30 kWw)
a) Industrial wood (pellets, 92% DM) b) Wood residues (chips, 50% DM) c) Straw (bales, 86% DM)
CHP
combustion gasification pyrolysis and gasification
ITAS LL/2008
Prod
uctio
n co
sts
(€/M
Wh)
decentral integrated
500
MW
th(0
.12
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
Two-step BtL-concept bc)
1500
MW
th(0
.37
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
5000
MW
th(1
.26
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
decentral integrated
500
MW
th(0
.12
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
Two-step BtL-concept bc)
1500
MW
th(0
.37
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
5000
MW
th(1
.26
mill
ion
Mg
FT)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(10-
67 M
Win)
Hea
ting
plan
t b)
(500
kW
w)
Smal
l fur
nace
a)(3
0 kW
w)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(10-
67 M
Win)
Hea
ting
plan
t b)
(500
kW
w)
Smal
l fur
nace
a)(3
0 kW
w)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(1.5
-13.
4 M
We)
Pow
er p
lant
bc)
(20-
45 M
We)
Co-
com
bust
ion
bc)
(10%
of 5
00 M
We)
Flui
dise
d be
d bc
)
(2.8
-63
MW
e)
Co-
gasi
ficat
ion
b)
(app
rox.
4%
of 5
00 M
We)
Fixe
d be
d b)
(460
kW
e)
CH
P pl
ant b
c)
(1.5
-13.
4 M
We)
Pow
er p
lant
bc)
(20-
45 M
We)
Co-
com
bust
ion
bc)
(10%
of 5
00 M
We)
Flui
dise
d be
d bc
)
(2.8
-63
MW
e)
Co-
gasi
ficat
ion
b)
(app
rox.
4%
of 5
00 M
We)
Fixe
d be
d b)
(460
kW
e)
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV10 25.09.2009
World primary energy demand 2060
0
500
1000
1500
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060
noch offen
Geo- / ozea nische Energie
Sola renergie
N eue Bioma sse
Windenergie
Kernkra ft
Wa sserkra ft
Erdga s
Erdöl
Kohle
Tra d. Bioma sse
Quelle: Deutsche Shell AG
VISION
Use of biomass as the only renewable carbon source for production of fuels and chemicals prior to heat and power generation.
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV11 25.09.2009
Opening statements to the use of Biomass
• Biomass is the only renewable carbon source!
• Biomass should be used favourably for organic chemicals and fuel production instead of electrical power and heat generation!
• Syngas and its main constituent, Hydrogen, are key intermediates for synthetic chemistry!
• Synthetic fuels are promising products to begin with!
• Technologies already proved for other applications should be utilized!
• Technologies used have to suitable for high capacities!
• New structures of agricultural production are required!
• Biomass stems from our biosphere – sustainable use!
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV12 25.09.2009
Routes for the production of fuels from biomass
ITAS LL/2008ITAS LL/2008
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV13 25.09.2009
178
79
135
135
98
144
52
Energy harvestGJ/ha
1.9402440Maize
9754000 (6000)Palm oil
5.5352730HVO
101143910BTL
101164160BioethanolSugar cain/beet
7.41304980Biogas
3381450BiodieselRape seed
GHG reduction
t/ha
Netto energyyieldGJ/ha
Fuel yieldl/ha
Biofuels - comparison
Source: FNR
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV14 25.09.2009
BtL synthetic fuels (biomass to liquids)
Synthetic fuels are chemically identical and full compatible to conventional diesel- or gasoline
Due to their high quality they improve emissions e.g. of CO, particles, or hydrocarbons already by adding small amounts to conventional fuels
They can be tailored towards new demands e.g. in regard to emission standards or new combustion engine concepts
BtL fuels are based on a broad feed stock range…
…exhibiting a large CO2- reduction potential
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV15 25.09.2009
Feedstock – dry lignocellulose“
AgricultureStraw, hay, ….Energy crops
ForestryResidual woodShort rotation plantation
Land cultivation residuesCultivation woodCultivation hay
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV16 25.09.2009
Feedstock requirements
• Humidity/water contentis not critical to the process, but reduces its effiiciencyDrying on the field (storability)Initial water content < 15 % (air dried) Process internal further drying
• Compositionany ratio of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin possible
• Mineral content/Contaminantslow contents of chlorine and sulfur desirable
• Delivery in form of bales, grinded and loose material, transportation costs are determining
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV17 25.09.2009
Chemical pathways to synthetic fuels
Biomass Syngas
Fischer-Tropsch-Synthesis
Methanol-Synthesis
⇒DME⇒Propylen⇒Ethylen⇒Diesel⇒Gasoline⇒…….
⇒Wax⇒Diesel⇒Gasoline⇒LPG⇒Gas⇒……….
FurtherProcessing
Refining
H2 CO
CH3OH
C6H9O4
Direct use(Fuel cell, PME-
production)
⇒Hydrogen⇒Methane (SNG)
CH3-(CH2 )n-CH3
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV18 25.09.2009
Hurdles in large scale biomass utilization
Low volumetric energy density
Widely distributed and periodical occurrence
Heterogeneous solid fuels
High competition in biomass use
High ash and salt contents
Direct gasification is problematic
Downstream syntheses require high pressures
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV19 25.09.2009
Syngas and Synfuel production from dry biomass
Dry Biomass
CO, H2
C6H12O6 → 6 CO + 6 H2
6 CO + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 H2
Fischer-Tropsch
Methanol
DME .....
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV20 25.09.2009
The - slurry gasification concept
regionale Pyrolyse- Anlagen
ZentralerCentralized syngas- and
synfuel production
25 km
Regional intermediate fuel production
250 km
Transport radiusEnergy density[GJ/m3]
Straw 2
Biosyncrude 25
Diesel 36
Biomass harvesting
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV21 25.09.2009
The - process chainO2 (Steam)
bioSyncrudebioSyncrude
Filter Sorption CO2 and water separation
Catalyst
Fuel synthesis
DMEsynthesis
Gas cleaning and conditioning
High pressureentrained flow
gasification
bioSyncrudebioSyncrude
SynfuelFast pyrolysis
Bio
mas
s
Pre-treatment Syngas
de-central centralized
Slag
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV22 25.09.2009
Stepwise implementation plan
3 GW
First plant (demonstration, CHP)
Power plant network
Synfuel network
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV23 25.09.2009
Fast pyrolysis using a twin screw mixer reactor
M
HeizerSandkreislauf
M
Stroh, Heu u.a.
Häcksler
Kühler
Doppelschnecken-Reaktor
kalte
s St
rohh
äcks
el
heis
serS
and
ca. 5
00 °C
Pyrolysekoks
Pyroly segas
Pyrolyseöl
Slurry
M
HeizerSandkreislauf
M
Stroh, Heu u.a.
Häcksler
Kühler
Doppelschnecken-Reaktor
kalte
s St
rohh
äcks
el
heis
serS
and
ca. 5
00 °C
Pyrolysekoks
Pyroly segas
Pyrolyseöl
Slurry
Pyrolysis oil
Pyrolysis char
Straw, wood, ....
Twin screw mixer reactor
Heater,Heat carrier loop
CoolerBioSyncrude
Chopper
Cold chopped straw
Hot sand 550°C
• Mechanical fluidizedsand at 500°C
• Rapid transport, good radial mixing
• Fast heat transfergas retention time ca. 2 sec
Pyrolysis gas
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV24 25.09.2009
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV25 25.09.2009
Relative volumes of pyrolysis products
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV26 25.09.2009
Key issue: BioSyncrude preparation
Kolloid-Mischer
• Free flowing suspension
• High particle content up to 40wt.%
• Stable for storage and transport
• Easy to produce by mixing
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV27 25.09.2009
Suitable for feeds rich of ash
Gasification with pure O2
Temperatures around 1200 °C
High pressures up to 80 bar
Tar free synthesis gas
Residence time of seconds,complete C-conversion
4 gasification campaigns withdifferent feed materials at the 2-5 MWth pilot-gasifierof Future Energy, Freiberg
further development based on Lurgi MPG technology
High pressure entrained flow gasification
Raw syngasSoot water
BioSyncrude
Oxygen
Water
Cooling screen
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV28 25.09.2009
Results of biosyncrude gasification
H2
CO
CO2
N2
Gas composition
• no tar, < 0.1 vol.% methane• C-conversion ≥ 99 %• operation without problems
Feeds:Solids: 0 – 39 wt.%Ash: 3 %Heating value: 10 – 25 MJ/kgDensity: 1250 kg/m3
Operation conditions:Throughput: 0.35 – 0.5 t/hPressure: 26 barTemperature: 1200 – 1600 °CFeed-Temperature: 40, 80 °C
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV29 25.09.2009
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV30 25.09.2009
Synfuels fromFischer-Tropsch- and Methanol synthesis
Titan, Trinidad ca. 0.8 Mio. t/a
Sasol, South Africaca. 6 Mio. t/a
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV31 25.09.2009
Energy and mass balance
~ 7 t airdry ( 15 % H2O) wood or straw
~ 4.7 t condensate/char - slurry or pasteplus ~ 2.7 t technical O2
~ 1.2 t FT-synthesis raw products
~ 1 t synfuel~ 10 % more with by-product recycle
inevitable by-products:chemicals, electricity and HT-steam
~ 6 t dry wood or straw
Schnellpyrolyse
Kondensat/Koks – Slurry ~ 90 %
Flugstrom -Druckvergasung ~ 3 %
~ 13 %
ReaktionswärmeSynthese-Rohgas Synthese-Reingas
~ 76 %
FT- Synthese
FTS - Reaktionswärme
~ 18 %
~ 4 %
~ 5 %
nicht umgesetztes SyngasSyntheseprodukte
~ 51 %
C5- - ProdukteTrennung
lignocellulose 100 %
fast pyrolysis~ 1,5 %
~ 4%
condensate/char – slurry~ 89 %
entrained -flow gasification ~ 3 %
~ 13 %heat of reactionsynthesis-raw gas
clean syngas~ 75 %
FT- synthesis
heat of reaction~ 18 %
~ 5 %
unconverted syngassynthesis products
~ 56 %
~ 0,5 %
~ 0,5 %
~ 0,5 %
C5 - productsseparation
pyrolysis gas~ 6 %
energy forpyrolysis
C 5+
synfuelFTSproducts
~ 42 %: by- productrecycle ~ 5%
electricityhigh- p steam
~ 40 %:
slightly exothermal
thermal losssum ~ 3%
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV32 25.09.2009
Biomass, C6H9O4 , 100 %
Bio-SlurryC5H5,4O1,1, 88 %
Synthesis gas72 %
Methanol61,1 %
Hydrogen72 %
Methane56 %
FT-Products55 %
FT-Diesel44 %
4,3 CO + 3,1 H2
Platform chemicals
Energetic efficiency in % of energy initially contained in the biomass (related to HHV)
Alternative use
Power production
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV33 25.09.2009
- Pilot plant
1. Biomass pretreatmentFast pyrolysis, Biosyncrude preparation
2. Syngas generation
3. Gas cleaningDME synthesis
4. DME to Synfuel
500 kg/h 100 L Synfuel
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV34 25.09.2009
Stage 1: Fast pyrolysis and Biosyncrude preparation
Biomass preparation
Biosyncrude preparationFeed stock storage
Pyrolysis product recoveryFast pyrolysis
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV35 25.09.2009
Bioliq pilot plant – actual state
SynfuelDMESynthesis gasBioSyncrudeProduct
2012201220112008Realization
22.5 Mio.€*24.8 Mio.€8.2 Mio.€Costs
80 kg/h150 kg/h1 t/h (5 MW)500 kg/h (2 MW)Capacity
Synthesis IIGas cleaning + Synthesis I
HP Entrained flow gasification
Fast pyrolysisProcess
Stage 4Stage 3Stage 2Stage 1
Biomass Synfuel
*applied for
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV36 25.09.2009
Production costs of FT-synfuel from straw and wood residues
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0.2 1.0
Pyrolyse, Vergasung, FT -Synthese
Biomasse: Transport
Biomasse: Ernte u. Konditionierung
Raffinerie
Erdöl frei Raffinerie
Mineral ölsteuer
0FT-Synfuel (plant capacity, million Mg/a) 1)
Prod
uctio
n co
sts
(€/li
tre)
Pyrolysis, gasification, FT-synthesis
Biomass: transport
Biomass: collection
Diesel (fossil) with30 / 65 / 100 $/bbl
Refinery
Petroleum, free refinery plant
Mineral oil tax
1) FT-Synfuel from straw and wood residues, central plant; production costs quoted free plant, without tax; basis 2006 ITAS LL/2008
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
0.2 1.0
Pyrolyse, Vergasung, FT -Synthese
Biomasse: Transport
Biomasse: Ernte u. Konditionierung
RaffinerieRaffinerie
Erdöl frei RaffinerieErdöl frei Raffinerie
Mineral ölsteuerMineral ölsteuer
0FT-Synfuel (plant capacity, million Mg/a) 1)
Prod
uctio
n co
sts
(€/li
tre)
Pyrolysis, gasification, FT-synthesis
Biomass: transport
Biomass: collection
Diesel (fossil) with30 / 65 / 100 $/bbl
Refinery
Petroleum, free refinery plant
Mineral oil tax
Diesel (fossil) with30 / 65 / 100 $/bbl
Refinery
Petroleum, free refinery plant
Mineral oil tax
1) FT-Synfuel from straw and wood residues, central plant; production costs quoted free plant, without tax; basis 2006 ITAS LL/2008
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV37 25.09.2009
International interests
Request and contacts:China Straw and other residuesChile Wood- residuesIndia Residues from sugar cane Malaysia, Indonesia Residues from palm oil productionRussia / former USSR Straw und wood- residues
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV38 25.09.2009
Conclusion BTL
Production of high quality synthetic fuelsvalue added products by innovative technologies
Use of any kind of dry biomasshuge feedstock potential
No competition to food and feed productionUse of residues from agricultural and forestry
De-central/centralized concepthigh availability of biomass
Regionally distributed plant for biomass pretreatmentnew income options for farmers
Process energy is produced as a side producthigh CO2 reduction potential
Large scale synfuel productioneconomic industrial plant size
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV39 25.09.2009
Hydrothermal gasification of wet biomass
Wet (waste)
BiomassH2, CH4
2 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 12 H2 + 3 CH4 + 9 CO2
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV40 25.09.2009
Feed materials for hydrothermal gasification
Use of complete plantWithout catalystWet / toxicWet
Suitable ground and aquatic fresh plants
Corn silageMash (bio- ethanol)
Sludge (biogas)
Bio-alcoholRape oilMeOH
Hydrocarbons
Pyrolysis oil
Paper & cellulosePharmaceutical & chemical industry
Biotechnology Sewage sludge
Food &beverage
Wine trashAgricultural production
Liquid manure
Enduring energyDecentralized EnergyDisposal& energy
Disposal& energy
Energy plantsFuelsOrganic
wasteResidual biomass
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV41 25.09.2009
Hydrothermal gasification of biomass
• Gasification in excess water at 700°C, 300bar
• “integrated” water gas shift reaction
• High H2-yield obtained under pressure
• Short reaction times, high space/time-yields
• No tar and char due to solvation of the intermediates
• Easy CO2-separation under pressure
• Inorganic components are not volatile
300 400 500 6000
1020304050
H2
CO
CO2
CH4
T / °C
Wood, CH1,44O0,66, 25 MPa, 10 wt.%
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV42 25.09.2009
Flow scheme for hydrothermal gasification
Biomass Water
Storage
Colloidal mill
HD-pump
ReactorPre-heater
Economizer
Cooler
Phase separation
CO2-scrubber
Residual water
Gas tank650°C300 bar
VERENA pilot plant
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV43 25.09.2009
Hydrothermal gasification of corn silage
7.5 wt.% DS 700 °C, 250 bar 1.3 – 3.4 min
CO244%
H228%
CH422%
C2H65%
CO1% H2
51%CH439%
C2H68%
CO2%
After CO2–separation
Before CO2–separation
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV44 25.09.2009
ConclusionsEnergetic utilisation of biomass already contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases in Germany and worldwide. Sustainable use of biomass increases this effect.The emission of greenhouse gases depends strongly on the biomass and the utilisation (conversion technology and the form of end energy).
Waste and residual biomasses show low emission of greenhouse gasesHeat generation from biomass shows very low emissionsLong term use of biomass as C-carrier necessaryEfficient technologies are developed.
Optimization target for the future is the whole chain of the biomass utilization.
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV45 25.09.2009
„Stone era did not end because a lack of stones, and the oil era will not end up because oil is running out “
Sheich Zaki Yamani, 1974former minister from Saudi Arab
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV46 25.09.2009
Bundesministeriumfür Bildung und Forschung
Supported by….
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft HGF
Ministerium für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft BMELV
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Ministerium für Ernährung und ländlichen RaumBaden-Württemberg MELR
EU Kommission
Ministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV47 25.09.2009
Energy system Germany- Avoided Greenhouse gases -
Quelle: BMU 2008
Σ ca. 114 Mio. tdavon Biomasse
53,7 Mio. t
Die durch die Nutzung der Biomasse (reg. Energien) vermiedenen Klimagasmissionen liegen bei 6 bis 7 % (14 bis 15 %) der energiebedingten Klimagasfreisetzungen in Deutschland (2007).
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV48 25.09.2009
Greenhouse gasesbalance for bio-energy systems
Treibhausgasemissionen in kg CO2-Äquiv. / GJel/th
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Pellet
Scheitholz
KUP HS Strom
Wär
me
Stro
m
Biodiesel Raps
Bioethanol Weizen
Bioethanol Zuckerrübe
Biomethan (aus Biogas) Mais
BtL KUP
Bio SNG KUP
Kra
ftsto
ffe
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV49 25.09.2009
Energiesystem Deutschland- Anteil der ern. Energien am EEV -
Ang
aben
in %
Quelle: BMU 2008
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV50 25.09.2009
Nutzungsperspektiven für BioSyncrude
Co-Verbrennung in (Heiz)kraftwerkenCo-Verbrennung in (Heiz)KraftwerkenStadtwerke Hannover, UM NiedersachsenStadtwerke Halle, UM ThüringenNordhessen HMULV, eon-mitte, Lurgi (Nordhessen-Studie)Weitere Kontakte mit Vattenfall, EnBW, RWE
Monoverbrennung (BHKW)AGO (Kulmbach), Agrartechnik (Schleidorf)
Motorische VerbrennungGroßdieselhersteller Caterpillar und MAN
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV51 25.09.2009
5 GW
rail
rail
500 km
truck
otherplants
otherplants
otherplants
5 GW
rail
500 km
truck
otherplants
otherplants
otherplants
Examplary plant configuration
40 pyrolysis plants (20 M€)Capacity ~ 0.2 Mt/a straw each
1 central gasification unit (500 M€)production capacity ~ 1 Mt/a
Slurry Transport
Straw Transport
10 trucks (60 m3 straw each)
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV52 25.09.2009
Energy system - Germanyprimary energy
Quelle: BMU 2008
PEV 2007: 13,9 EJ (2,7 % bez. auf den Welt-PEV)
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV53 25.09.2009
Entwicklung des Welt-Primärenergieverbrauchs bis 2030 (IEA-Referenz-Szenario)
Fazit: Bis 2030 wird sich der Primärenergieverbrauch um rd. 45 % erhöhen!
Other renewables: Geothermie, Solar, Wind, etc.Quelle: IEA (17.11.2008): World Energy Outlook 2008, Key Graphs
Prof. E. Dinjus ITC-CPV54 25.09.2009
Well to Whell GHG vs. total energy use
Europ. Biofuels Techn. Platform, 2008