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Introduction to the Periodic Table
Atomic Number ● Symbol ● Atomic Weight
Element ● Compound ● Mixture
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I am Demitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
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What is the PERIODIC TABLE?
o Shows all known elements in the universe.
o Organizes the elements by chemical properties.
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How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE?
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What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?
o The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
Or o The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
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What is the SYMBOL?
o An abbreviation of the element name.
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What is the ATOMIC WEIGHT?
o The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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How do I find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an element
using the periodic table?
o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC WEIGHT NUMBER
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Now you are almost as smart as I am!
But not as handsome! Man, I look GOOD!
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Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
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What is an ELEMENT? o A substance composed of a single kind of atom.
o Cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.
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What is a COMPOUND?
o A substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.
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What is a MIXTURE?
o Two or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded.
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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Element, Compound or Mixture?
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You are still not as handsome as the great Mendeleev!
I am working this beard! Man, I look GOOD!
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Periods Each row is called a “period”
Hint:
A period comes at the end of a sentence--a horizontal line.
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Groups
• Each column is called a “group” or family.
• Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell.
Group 1 = 1 electron
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons Except for He, it has 2 electrons
• The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons.”
12
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18
Hint: Your Family tree is vertical.
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Transition Metals Transition Metals have slightly different rules
for shells and valence electrons.
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Now you are as smart, but still not as handsome as the great
Mendeleev!
Man, I look GOOD!