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International Humanitaria
n Law
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Origins
Hammurabic Code (1772 BCE)
Justinian Code (7th Century CE)
English Common Law
U.S. Bill of Rights 1791
Lieber Codes: Civil War
Memory of Solferino, Henry Dunant
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Geneva Convention 1864
Ambulances, military hospitals, personnel recognized as neutral
Citizens assisting wounded are protected
Wounded/sick combatants collected and cared for
The symbol of a red cross on a white background (reverse of the Swiss flag) identifies neutral, medical personnel
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Adjustments/Amendments
1949: New rules governing the treatment of POWS
1977: Prohibition of child recruitment in armed forces, protecting of cultural objects and places of worship
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Standard POW package
Circa 1943
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Consequences of Non-Compliance
Economic and/or political sanctions (usually imposed by United Nations)
Nations that are party to the Geneva Conventions must pass domestic legislation providing penalties for violations
Serious violations (breach) is regarded as a war crime (ex. Torture, hostage taking, rape, etc.)
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Special Trials/Tribunals
Nuremberg (1945-46) and Tokyo (1946-48)
UN War Tribunals: Former Yugoslavia & Rwanda
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International Criminal Court
July 1, 2002
60 nations
Now 100