international humanitarian law. origins hammurabic code (1772 bce) justinian code (7 th century ce)...
TRANSCRIPT
International Humanitaria
n Law
Origins
Hammurabic Code (1772 BCE)
Justinian Code (7th Century CE)
English Common Law
U.S. Bill of Rights 1791
Lieber Codes: Civil War
Memory of Solferino, Henry Dunant
Geneva Convention 1864
Ambulances, military hospitals, personnel recognized as neutral
Citizens assisting wounded are protected
Wounded/sick combatants collected and cared for
The symbol of a red cross on a white background (reverse of the Swiss flag) identifies neutral, medical personnel
Adjustments/Amendments
1949: New rules governing the treatment of POWS
1977: Prohibition of child recruitment in armed forces, protecting of cultural objects and places of worship
Standard POW package
Circa 1943
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Economic and/or political sanctions (usually imposed by United Nations)
Nations that are party to the Geneva Conventions must pass domestic legislation providing penalties for violations
Serious violations (breach) is regarded as a war crime (ex. Torture, hostage taking, rape, etc.)
Special Trials/Tribunals
Nuremberg (1945-46) and Tokyo (1946-48)
UN War Tribunals: Former Yugoslavia & Rwanda
International Criminal Court
July 1, 2002
60 nations
Now 100