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Integrated River Basin Management & the Water Framework Directieve:
The Holy Grail of border-crossing cooperation?
Leo SantbergenSenior Policy Adviser/Outdoor PhD
Brabantse Delta Water Management Authority
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Content
• Definition of Integrated River Basin Management
• Short introduction to the Water Framework Directive
• Cross-border cooperation with the Flemish Region of Belgium
• Reflection
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Integrated River Basin Management?
Three Gorges Dam, China
1 2
Water in Utrecht
3
Education at Breda
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Integrated River Basin Management:
Aims at:
a. Sustainability: Planet + People = Profit
b. Equitable and reasonable use & prevention of significant harm to other riparian states
By means of:1. Envisioning the future & joint fact finding
2. Interactive policy making & active involvement of stakeholders
3. Cross-sector coordination and cooperation
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Integrated River Basin Management:
What happens in the real world?
a) Different views, different interests: Ambiguous Ambitions
b) Upstream-downstream asymmetries
c) Differences in (political) cultures & planning traditions
d) Absence of supranational authority: sovereignty and subsidiarity
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Administrative boundaries
Language boundary
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Nature versus economy?
Nitrate sensitive area
Distribution of available water
Flood risks
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Water Framework Directive (1)
2009
20152027
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The Water Framework Directive (2) River Basins
RijnMaas
Schelde
Eems
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The Water Framework Directive (3):
• 1980s till October 2000: Delicate political drafting and negotiation process: ambiguous principles, objectives & requirements
• Huge step forward: harmonisation of European River Basin Management
• Strong trigger for internal integration
• Achilles Heels: cross-sector integration & multilateral coordination
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My research: A hybrid analytical framework
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Flemish – Dutch cooperation (1):
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Flemish – Dutch Cooperation (2)
Brabantse Delta
Province of Antwerp
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Flemish –Dutch Cooperation (3) : the issues
• Anticipation of floods & droughts
• Border-crossing pollution & accidents
• Fish migration
• Institutional differences
• Daily management & maintenance
• Socio-economic development of rural areas
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Flemish –Dutch Cooperation (4): Example
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Flemish –Dutch Cooperation (5): Example
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Succes (f)actors & Challenges
Success (f)actors:
•Invest in personal relations•Acknowledge similarities and differences•Focus on commons not on borders•Participation in each others structures•Joint experiments, excursions, workshops
Challenges:
•Different political priorities and process stages•Downstream state always asks more•Linking bilateral with multilateral and European process
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Reflection
1. New modes of European governance?• Europe matters: without Europe political attention to
water quality issues of former forerunner states would have been reduced significantly
• The Water Framework Directive does not fill in the supranational void at the multilateral level
2. Transboundary orientations and co-operation?• Informal rules & networks of policy entrepreneurs
• No blueprint for success: upstream-downstream asymmetries remain dominant