Integrate Disease Management of Fusarium Wilt in Taiwan
C.P. Chao, S.Y.Lee, C.Y. Chen, S.K. Tzeng, C.C. Su, and S.C. Hwang
Taiwan Banana Research Institute
Banana is the number one export-oriented fruit crop in Taiwan
Pei-Chiao(Giant Cavendish, AAA)
First appearance of Fusarium wilt on Pei-Chiao, Giant Cavendish, at Chiatung,Pingtung county, Taiwan in 1968
★
(Source : Y2009 Agricultural statistice yearbook, COA, Taiwan)Total acreage : 12,346 HaEconomic planting acreage : 12,333 Ha
Banana growing Region
Acreage (Ha)
Latitude / Longitude ( 0 ) Elevation
Center 6,434 23-240 / 1200 0 – 700
South 5,377 22-230 / 1200 0 – 100
East 522 22-230 / 1210 0 – 100
Total 12,333
Hualien
Taitung
Pingtung
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Chiayi Nantou Yunlin
Changhua
Taichung
Miaoli
Hsinchu
Taoyuan Taipei
Yilan
★★★★★
★★★★★
★★★★★
Race 4 of FOC identified in 1976
K-2 Medium
1
Total volume of banana exported in Y2000 - Y2010
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
carton
s (12.6
kg / c
arton)
Causes of the FOC epidemic in Taiwan
• No public awareness • No Regulation control enforced in 1968 • No quarantine eradication scheme• No sufficient information about a new race,
race 4, of FOC in Taiwan
Eradication
Small banana farm
Effectiveness of crop rotation on controlling Fusarium wilt of banana
Kind of Crop Duration of planting (year)
Fusarium wilt (%) Before After
Rice 1 30.6 3.9
Rice 2 37.8 1.2
Taro 1 18.0 2.1
Taro 2 23.7 0.3
Sugar cane 3 28.5 20.4
Vegetable 2 23.1 12.6
Healthy seedling
Pipe Irrigation
Proper site selection
Good Drainage
種植時期
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4
3月 12.1 50.0 16.3 6.7 4.0 3.0
5月 0.6 16.4 20.8 15.6 16.5 12.4 7.9
香蕉不同種植時期之月別抽穗百分率
Careful desuckering
Greenhouse Test
TC plantlets for field screening resistance somaclones
Breeding for resistance based on
somaclonal variation began in 1984
Examine for internal symptoms
Variety improvement -Screening promising somaclone variants with resistance to FOC race 4 and good horticultural traits
Disease incidence of Cavendish “PEI-CHIAO” and “TAI-CHIAO NO.1” in 1992
PEI-CHIAO
TAI-CHIAO NO.1
TAI-CHIAO
NO.1
Occurrence of Fusarium wilt of 21 clones determined by internal symptom in the IMTP II trial conducted in Taiwan.
% of plants with symptom Code Clone Genome No. of plants
investigated Score 1-6 (1) S. D. Min. Max.
None Mild Severe 01 SH-3481 AAAB 12 1.0 0.00 1 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 02 SH-3565 AABB 13 1.7 1.54 1 6 76.9 7.7 15.4 03 SH-3649 AAAA 9 4.3 2.17 1 6 22.2 11.1 66.7 04 SH-3444 AAAA 8 2.3 1.58 1 5 50.0 25.0 25.0 05 PV 03.44 AAAB 11 2.8 1.94 1 6 36.4 27.2 36.4 06 PA 03.22 AAAB 14 4.3 2.23 1 6 28.6 0.0 71.4 07 GCTCV 119 AAA 7 2.3 0.63 1 6 71.4 0.0 28.6 08 GCTCV 215 AAA 10 1.2 0.53 1 3 90.0 10.0 0.0 09 Burro CEMSA ABB 11 4.9 1.30 3 6 0.0 18.2 81.8 10 Pisang Mas AA 11 5.7 0.64 4 6 0.0 0.0 100.0 11 Saba BBB 13 4.8 1.46 2 6 0.0 23.1 76.9 12 Pisang Nangka AAB 14 3.5 2.31 1 6 50.0 0.0 50.0 13 Cultivar Rose AA 12 1.0 2.21 1 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 14 Yangambi Km5 AAA 13 4.8 1.92 1 6 15.4 7.7 76.9 15 Pisang Jari Buaya AA 9 1.1 2.31 1 2 88.9 11.1 0.0 17 Calcutta IR 124 AAw 10 1.0 0.00 1 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 18 Gros Michel AAA 14 5.9 1.84 4 6 0.0 0.0 100.0 19 Bluggoe ABB 14 5.9 0.53 4 6 0.0 0.0 100.0 20 Williams AAA 5 3.2 2.28 1 6 40.0 20.0 40.0 21 Pisang Ceylan AAB 13 3.4 0.33 1 6 30.8 23.1 46.2 22 Tai-Chiao No. 2 AAA 13 2.3 2.14 1 6 53.8 30.7 15.3
Mean 3.2 1.6 4.9 45.4 10.2 44.3 (1) Internal symptom is rated as 1 for no symptom and 6 for severe symptom.
TC3-1035(Tai-Chiao No.5)
Pei-Chiao
Comparison of the resistant reaction of tissue culture plants of‘TC3-1035’ and ‘Pei-Chiao’ in a FOC race4 infested orchard .
Table 2. Evaluation of horticultural traits, yield and resistance to FOC race 4 in ‘TC3-1035’ plant derived from plantlet in 2000 - 2001z.
z Evaluation trial was conducted over five different location.y Resistance rating is same as Table1.x Means analysis bu Duncan’s multiple range test
Clone Days from planting to
harvest(Day)
Plant height (cm)
Girth of pseudostem
(cm)
No. of fruit hand per bunch
Bunch weight
(kg/bunch)
Resistance reaction to
FOC race4y
TC3-1035 394 ax 257 a 69.2 a 7.9 a 20.6 a MR Pei-Chiao 384 a 278 a 72.0 a 7.9 a 19.7 a HS
Original GCTCV-105
Pei-Chiao GCTCV-2163
Pei-Chiao Improved GCTCV-2163
Improved GCTCV-2163
Original GCTCV-105
a b
Fruit curvature and finger neck of GCTCV-2163, comparing to those of “PEI-CHIAO”
Comparison of traits of GCTCV-2163 (Tai-Chiao No.7)with Pei-Chiao in 2012
Trait Pei-Chiao GCTCV-105 (Parent)
GCTCV-2163 (Tai-Chiao-No 7) Distinctiness
Height (㎝) 281.9 270 271.5 ▓
Girth (㎝) 71.6 68.9 70.5
Leaf Length (㎝) 202.9 212.2 222.1 ▓
Leaf Width(㎝) 83 86.4 96.7 ▓
interval between fruit hand (cm) 8.7 6.2 8.1 ▓
length of fruit neck 3.0 1.7 2.5 ▓
curvature of finger 38o 18o 37o ▓
reaction to tr 4 HS HR MR ▓
soluble content(obrix) 22.2 23.4 23.4
shelf life 4.5 3.5 3.5 ▓
Suppressive soil of banana Fusarium wilt in
Taiwan
(T.Y Chuang, 1991)
Soil Amendment Diseased plants Disease incidence
(%)Replicate
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
1.CBF-05 Organic fertilizer 10Kg/plant + 5L 1,000 PPM ( Phosphorous acid (H3PO3) + KOH ) solution sprayed per month
0.4 0.13 0.27 26.8
2. CBF-05 Organic fertilizer 10Kg/plant + 5L 500X Actinomycetes solution sprayed per month
0.2 0.07 0.13 13.0
3.CBF-05 Organic fertilizer 10Kg/plant+5L Water sprayed per month
0.2 0.29 0.22 23.7
4.Water sprayed per month only
(Control)0.25 0.33 0.33 30.3
Effect of different soil amendments on Fusarium wilt of Pei-Chiao plant derived from plantlet
1)Trial conducted from October,1997 to October, 1998 。Planting s size (Height 60X width x 60X Length60 cm) .Infested soil was mix with CBF-05。12.5Kg/ plant。Experimental sample is above 45-60 plants。2.Phosphorous acid mixed with KOH or Actinomycetes were applied once per month作四次。4 times were applied.3)CBF-05 organic manure are composed of carbonated risk husk,crab powder.fish powder, furnace silicon, and liming)
Effect of different treatments on Fusarium wilt of Susceptible Pei-Chiao and Moderately resistant Tai-Chiao No.5 plants derived from plantlets in infested orchard
Variety
tested
Treatment
No. of
healthy
plants
No. of
diseased
plants
Disease
incidence
(%)
Control 37 12 24.5
Amended with Cattle manure, 10kg/plant
48 0 0
Plantlets in flask treated with 10 ml B. cenocepacia
84 3 3.4
Pei-Chiao
Soil treated with 1,500X 85%WP Prochloraz
39 0 0
Control 153 1 0.6
Amended with Cattle manure, 10 Kg/plant
151 0 0
Tai-Chiao
No.5
Plantlets in flask treated with 10 ml B. cenocepacia
180 2 1.1
Effect of different treatments on soil of Pei-Chiaobanana orchard infested by FOC TR 4
Soil
analysis
Unit Recommended soil
nutrition
threshold of
banana plant
Soil nutrition for
banana plant in
Control treatment
Soil nutrition
for banana plant
amended with
organic fertilizer
Soil nutrition
for root of
banana plant
treated with
Burkholderia
cenocepacia
Soil nutrition
for banana plant
treated with
1,500X 80% WP
Prochloraz
Ornaic
matter
﹪ 2~3 3.09 3.60 2.42 3.06
PH 5.8~6.8 7.53 7.6 7.63 7.33
Saline DS/m 0.26~0.6 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.08
Effective P ppm >80 201.8 225.5 140 148.3
Exchangeable
K ppm >150 59.5 105.5 45.5 64
Exchangeable
Ca ppm >1200 2711.5 4586.5 2602 2307
Exchangeable
P
ppm >140 163 212 115.5 136
Fe ppm 50~300 1063.4 872.4 994 1213.6
Mn ppm 20~140 148.9 175.6 148.8 132.6
Cu ppm 12~20 12.0 10.2 11.5 13.6
Zn ppm 11~25 31.9 30.7 27.2 33.2
Effect of different treatments on soil nutrition of a banana orchard infested by FOC TR 4 and planted with Pei-Chiao plantlet
A plant o f Tai-Chiao No.5 infested by FOC
Revival of a severely FOC TR4 infected Tai-Chiao No.5 plants by integrated management
Conclusion For
Integrated Management of Banana Fusarium wilt
1.Eradication of diseased plants (Policy, diagnosis, fumigation, and soil heating ?)
2.Crop rotation with paddy rice, taro or other aquatic crop
3.Use of disease-free tissue cultured seedlings 4. Good drainage5. Careful removing of sucker 6. Deployment of resistant clones
Conclusion For
Integrated Management of Banana Fusarium wilt
7.Soil management (organic matter, soil pH, calcium content, suppressive soil, and etc)
8. Biological control
Thank you for your attention