Insect Activity in AlabamaInsecticides for Vegetable IPM
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator
Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center
8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532
Tel: (251) 331-8416
Trap catches in 2009Insect catches (June-Oct.):Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) = 3,586Fall armyworm (FAW) = 1,386Beet armyworm (BAW) = 1,377Corn earworm (CEW) = 589Southern armyworm (SAW) = 393Tobacco budworm (TBW) = 342Soybean looper (SL) = 230Cabbage looper (CL) = 223Southern CRW = 253+; Western = 13+Black cutworm (BCW) = 125Stink bugs (SB, Euschistus) = 0*
What does trap catch tell you?
Catch = pop. density x activity
20
19
15
32
48
27
36
29
17
1216
13
5.211.8
23.2
34.7
23.6
31.633
17.3
0
10
20
30
40Monthly average activity (statewide)
Insect density (overall) per site
Year 2009
“AU Pest Alert”: weekly IPM newsletter…120 growers have supported this venture
Monitoring project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85 orwww.aces.edu/go/88
Exhibitions at grower meetings, tradeshows (839 farmers in AL)
IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375
Sign-up sheet for Pest Alert by emailing me separately
Timely revisions to SE Vegetable Production Handbook
Ext. bulletins (peanuts, vegetables)
Concept: Synchronized rapid IPM information delivery to growers
Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)
Receiving neuron
Sensory neuron
Neonicotinoids, Spinosyn (mimic neurotransmitter)
Cyclodienes, Pyrethroids (act on receiving neuron)
Carbamates, OP (act in the synaptic gap)
Inhibit enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitter
Flow of info
Trends in synthetic insecticidal chemistries
• Early insecticides were short chain>>quick activation
• New insecticides: Large molecules that are “activated” by insect enzyme systems
Carbaryl Malathion
Zeta-cypermethrin Imidacloprid
Spinetoram
Chlorantraniliprole
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Less effective
1. Carbaryl Sevin In, Ac (St, Co)
300 FB CPB, CEW, FAW, SVB
2. Methamidophos Monitor In, Ac(Sys) 16 Aph, Thr FB, ECB, FAW, BAW
3. Methomyl Lannate In, Ac (Sys, Co)
17 Thr Aph, FB, BAW, WF
IRAC Chemical class: 1A (Carbamates)
MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), accumulation of acetylcholine
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Mi = Miticide
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Less effective
1. Malathion Malathion In (Co) 1000+ FB, CB FAW, SB, SqB
2. Chlorpyrifos Lorsban In (Co) 95 MGT, CW, WW
CEW, FAW, CL
3. Acephate Orthene In (Sys) 800+ ECB, FAW, APH, THR
CEW, CL, WW, WF
4. Diazinon Diazinon I (Co) 400 WW, MGT
FB, SB, CPB, CW, SqB
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Mi = Miticide
IRAC Chemical class: 1B (Organophosphates)
MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), accumulation of acetylcholine
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Endosulfan ThionexThiodan(GUP)
In, Ac (Co)
18-160 FB, SB, SqB CPB, FAW, CL
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 2A (Cyclodienes)
MoA: Block the action of neurotransmitter causing over stimulation, hyperactivity
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticide type Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Best against Less effective
1. Zeta-cyper Mustang Max
In (Co) 150-400 FB, CW, CB, SB, ImCW, SqVB
CPB, DBM, Aph, Thr
2. Cyfluthrin Baythroid In (Co, St) 1200+ ImCW, SqVB, CW, SB
FAW, DBM, Aph, Thr
3. Lambda-cyhalo Warrior, Karate
In, Ac (Co) 56 FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB, CW, SB
CPB, DBM, Aph
4. Esfenvalerate Asana In (Co) 458 ImCW, CB, FB FAW, DBM, SB, Aph, Thr, SqB
5. Gamma cyhalo Proaxis In (Co) - FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB, CW
CPB, DBM, Aph
6. Fenpropathrin Danitol In, Ac (Co, St)
450 ImCW, SqVB, SqB FAW, CL, Aph
7. Bifenthrin Brigade In, Ac (Co) 54 FB, CB, ImCW, SqVB, CW
FAW, CL, DBM, Aph, WF
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVBSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 3A (Pyrethroids)
MoA: Act on sodium channels & keep them open (receiving neuron)
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Imidacloprid Admire G
Provado F
In (Sys, Co, St)
450 FB, CPB, Aph, SB
CPB, CB, Aph, Th
SB, WF, WW, WGMGT, WF
2. Acetamiprid Assail In (Sys) - Aph, CPB, Th SB, SqB
3. Clothianidin Belay/Clutch In (Sys) 4700 FB, CPB, CB Aph, WW, WG
4. Thiamethoxam Platinum/Actara
In (Sys) >5000 Aph, FB, CB, SB Th, WW, WG
5. Dinotefuran Venom In (Sys) >5000 FB, CPB, CB, SB Aph
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 4A (Neonicotinoids)
MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter at neuromuscular joints, hyperactivity
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Spinosyn A, D SpinTor In (St) >5000 CPB, ImCW, CEW, FAW, BAW, CL, DBM
SqVB, SB, Th
2. Spinetoram Radiant In (St) >5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, ImCW, CL, Th
CW
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 5 (Spinosyns) MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter, hyperexcite insects
Spinetoram (Radiant 1SC):
• Microbial fermentation derivate
• Application rate = 6-8 oz
• Preharvest interval (PHI) = 1-3 days
• Registered for many leafy veg., fruit crops, root crops, etc.
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Pymetrozine (9B) Fulfill In (St) >5000 Aph WF, no FB control
2. Flonicamid (9C) Beleaf In(St) >2000 Aph only
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 9 (new chemistry)
MoA: Unknown; selective homopteran feeding blockers
Feeding blockers (Fulfill 50WDG, Beleaf 50 SG):
• Selective insecticides
• Application rates = 2-2.8 oz/acre product
• PHI = 0 days
Review of Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Chlorantraniliprole Coragen In (St,Sys)
>5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, FAW, BAW, CL, SqVB, SB
DBM
2. Flubendiamide Synapse In (Sys) >2000 CEW, ECB, CL, ImCW, BAW, FAW
DBM
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 28 (new chemistry-diamides)MoA: Ryanodine receptor modulators (acts inside muscles)
Diamides:
• Selective insecticides, systemic
• Appl rate = 3-5 oz
• Rapid stop to insect feeding
Growth Regulator Insecticides
Common name Product Pesticidetype
OralLD50 (mg/kg)
Best against Less effective
1. Methoxyfenozide Intrepid I (Co) >5000 CL, FAW, ImCW DBM, SqVB
2. Buprofezin Courier I (Co) >5000 WF
3. Pyriproxifen Knack, Distance
I (Co) >5000 WF
FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide
IRAC Chemical class: 7C, 16, 17, 18
Growth regulators:
• Methoxyfenozide mimics ecdysone, forces molting, 4-10 oz, 1 day
• Buprofezin inhibits chitin biosynthesis (homopteran), 9-13 oz, 7 day
• Pyriproxifen mimics juvenile hormone (homop.), 8-10 oz, 14 day
Suggestions• Encourage growers to use pheromone traps
(detect early generation and forecast outbreaks)
• Trap-based economic thresholds will be avail.
• No substitute for scouting!
• Careful with insecticide generics (phytotoxicity)
• Rotate with newer insecticides (IPM)
• Apply systemic insecticides early when insects are small
• Encourage use of the SE Vegetable Prod. Handbook