Insect Activity in AlabamaInsecticides for Vegetable IPM

Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator

Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center

8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532

Tel: (251) 331-8416

bugdoctor@auburn.edu

Trap catches in 2009Insect catches (June-Oct.):Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) = 3,586Fall armyworm (FAW) = 1,386Beet armyworm (BAW) = 1,377Corn earworm (CEW) = 589Southern armyworm (SAW) = 393Tobacco budworm (TBW) = 342Soybean looper (SL) = 230Cabbage looper (CL) = 223Southern CRW = 253+; Western = 13+Black cutworm (BCW) = 125Stink bugs (SB, Euschistus) = 0*

What does trap catch tell you?

Catch = pop. density x activity

20

19

15

32

48

27

36

29

17

1216

13

5.211.8

23.2

34.7

23.6

31.633

17.3

0

10

20

30

40Monthly average activity (statewide)

Insect density (overall) per site

Year 2009

“AU Pest Alert”: weekly IPM newsletter…120 growers have supported this venture

Monitoring project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85 orwww.aces.edu/go/88

Exhibitions at grower meetings, tradeshows (839 farmers in AL)

IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375

Sign-up sheet for Pest Alert by emailing me separately

Timely revisions to SE Vegetable Production Handbook

Ext. bulletins (peanuts, vegetables)

Concept: Synchronized rapid IPM information delivery to growers

Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)

Receiving neuron

Sensory neuron

Neonicotinoids, Spinosyn (mimic neurotransmitter)

Cyclodienes, Pyrethroids (act on receiving neuron)

Carbamates, OP (act in the synaptic gap)

Inhibit enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitter

Flow of info

Trends in synthetic insecticidal chemistries

• Early insecticides were short chain>>quick activation

• New insecticides: Large molecules that are “activated” by insect enzyme systems

Carbaryl Malathion

Zeta-cypermethrin Imidacloprid

Spinetoram

Chlorantraniliprole

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against

Less effective

1. Carbaryl Sevin In, Ac (St, Co)

300 FB CPB, CEW, FAW, SVB

2. Methamidophos Monitor In, Ac(Sys) 16 Aph, Thr FB, ECB, FAW, BAW

3. Methomyl Lannate In, Ac (Sys, Co)

17 Thr Aph, FB, BAW, WF

IRAC Chemical class: 1A (Carbamates)

MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), accumulation of acetylcholine

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Mi = Miticide

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against

Less effective

1. Malathion Malathion In (Co) 1000+ FB, CB FAW, SB, SqB

2. Chlorpyrifos Lorsban In (Co) 95 MGT, CW, WW

CEW, FAW, CL

3. Acephate Orthene In (Sys) 800+ ECB, FAW, APH, THR

CEW, CL, WW, WF

4. Diazinon Diazinon I (Co) 400 WW, MGT

FB, SB, CPB, CW, SqB

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Mi = Miticide

IRAC Chemical class: 1B (Organophosphates)

MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), accumulation of acetylcholine

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Endosulfan ThionexThiodan(GUP)

In, Ac (Co)

18-160 FB, SB, SqB CPB, FAW, CL

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looperSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 2A (Cyclodienes)

MoA: Block the action of neurotransmitter causing over stimulation, hyperactivity

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticide type Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Best against Less effective

1. Zeta-cyper Mustang Max

In (Co) 150-400 FB, CW, CB, SB, ImCW, SqVB

CPB, DBM, Aph, Thr

2. Cyfluthrin Baythroid In (Co, St) 1200+ ImCW, SqVB, CW, SB

FAW, DBM, Aph, Thr

3. Lambda-cyhalo Warrior, Karate

In, Ac (Co) 56 FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB, CW, SB

CPB, DBM, Aph

4. Esfenvalerate Asana In (Co) 458 ImCW, CB, FB FAW, DBM, SB, Aph, Thr, SqB

5. Gamma cyhalo Proaxis In (Co) - FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB, CW

CPB, DBM, Aph

6. Fenpropathrin Danitol In, Ac (Co, St)

450 ImCW, SqVB, SqB FAW, CL, Aph

7. Bifenthrin Brigade In, Ac (Co) 54 FB, CB, ImCW, SqVB, CW

FAW, CL, DBM, Aph, WF

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVBSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 3A (Pyrethroids)

MoA: Act on sodium channels & keep them open (receiving neuron)

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Imidacloprid Admire G

Provado F

In (Sys, Co, St)

450 FB, CPB, Aph, SB

CPB, CB, Aph, Th

SB, WF, WW, WGMGT, WF

2. Acetamiprid Assail In (Sys) - Aph, CPB, Th SB, SqB

3. Clothianidin Belay/Clutch In (Sys) 4700 FB, CPB, CB Aph, WW, WG

4. Thiamethoxam Platinum/Actara

In (Sys) >5000 Aph, FB, CB, SB Th, WW, WG

5. Dinotefuran Venom In (Sys) >5000 FB, CPB, CB, SB Aph

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 4A (Neonicotinoids)

MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter at neuromuscular joints, hyperactivity

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Spinosyn A, D SpinTor In (St) >5000 CPB, ImCW, CEW, FAW, BAW, CL, DBM

SqVB, SB, Th

2. Spinetoram Radiant In (St) >5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, ImCW, CL, Th

CW

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 5 (Spinosyns) MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter, hyperexcite insects

Spinetoram (Radiant 1SC):

• Microbial fermentation derivate

• Application rate = 6-8 oz

• Preharvest interval (PHI) = 1-3 days

• Registered for many leafy veg., fruit crops, root crops, etc.

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Pymetrozine (9B) Fulfill In (St) >5000 Aph WF, no FB control

2. Flonicamid (9C) Beleaf In(St) >2000 Aph only

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 9 (new chemistry)

MoA: Unknown; selective homopteran feeding blockers

Feeding blockers (Fulfill 50WDG, Beleaf 50 SG):

• Selective insecticides

• Application rates = 2-2.8 oz/acre product

• PHI = 0 days

Review of Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Chlorantraniliprole Coragen In (St,Sys)

>5000 CPB, CEW, ECB, FAW, BAW, CL, SqVB, SB

DBM

2. Flubendiamide Synapse In (Sys) >2000 CEW, ECB, CL, ImCW, BAW, FAW

DBM

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 28 (new chemistry-diamides)MoA: Ryanodine receptor modulators (acts inside muscles)

Diamides:

• Selective insecticides, systemic

• Appl rate = 3-5 oz

• Rapid stop to insect feeding

Growth Regulator Insecticides

Common name Product Pesticidetype

OralLD50 (mg/kg)

Best against Less effective

1. Methoxyfenozide Intrepid I (Co) >5000 CL, FAW, ImCW DBM, SqVB

2. Buprofezin Courier I (Co) >5000 WF

3. Pyriproxifen Knack, Distance

I (Co) >5000 WF

FB = Flea beetle; CPB = Colorado potato beetle; CEW = Corn earworm; FAW = Fall armyworm; SVB = Squash vine borer; Aph = Aphids; Thr = Thrips; WF = Whiteflies; ECB = European corn borer; CB = Cucumber beetle; SB = Stink bug, SqB = Squash bug; CW = Cutworms; MGT = maggots; WW = Wireworms; CL = Cabbage looper; ImCW = Imported cabbageworm, SqVB; WG = white grubsSt = Stomach poison; Co = Contact poison; Sys = Systemic action; In = Insecticide; Ac = Acaricide

IRAC Chemical class: 7C, 16, 17, 18

Growth regulators:

• Methoxyfenozide mimics ecdysone, forces molting, 4-10 oz, 1 day

• Buprofezin inhibits chitin biosynthesis (homopteran), 9-13 oz, 7 day

• Pyriproxifen mimics juvenile hormone (homop.), 8-10 oz, 14 day

Suggestions• Encourage growers to use pheromone traps

(detect early generation and forecast outbreaks)

• Trap-based economic thresholds will be avail.

• No substitute for scouting!

• Careful with insecticide generics (phytotoxicity)

• Rotate with newer insecticides (IPM)

• Apply systemic insecticides early when insects are small

• Encourage use of the SE Vegetable Prod. Handbook

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Acknowledgements

– H. Fadamiro

– K. Flanders

• IPM Team Members:– Lloyd Chapman

– Neil Kelly

– Michael Reeves

– Gary Gray

– James Miles

– William East, Jr.

– Brandon Dillard

– Leonard Kuykendall

– Chris Becker

– Timothy Reed

Thank you very much.

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