-
Index
Names were often spelled in a variety of ways in the period covered by thisbook. I have listed persons under the spelling most commonly used; variationsappear in parentheses or are cross-referenced. Only older authors and titles ofanonymous works of the time are listed.
555
Abbot (archbishop of Canterbury), 457Aberdeen, 435Aboab, Jacob and Joseph, 193Aboab, Rabbi Immanuel, 178, 179n. 53,
184Aboab da Fonseca, Rabbi Isaac, 177,
182n. 67Abrabanel (Abarbanel; Abravanel),
Isaac, 67f., 158, 163, 167f., 199Abraham bar Selomoh, 163n. 13Abraham ben Eliezer Halevi, Rabbi,
164n. 14An Account of Spain (1700), 81n. 39,
101, 119n. 157, 122n. 171, 123n. 177,142n. 62, 289
Acosta, José de, S.J., 377n. 88, 447n. 8,487, 499n. 69
Addison, Launcelot, 239Adrianople, 166Aerschot, duke of, 147Africa, 104, 126, 513. See also North
AfricaAglionby, William, 86n. 58, 517Agrippa, Henricus Cornelius, 528f.Águila, Juan de, 421Agustín, Antonio (archbishop of Tar-
ragona), 65, 108Ahmad ibn Qasim al-Hajari, 210f.Alarcón, Pedro Antonio de, 123Alava, province of, 42n. 134
Alba, house of, 126Alba, third duke of (Fernando Alvarez
de Toledo), 18, 126, 300n. 18, 309,310–12, 314–16, 320, 323–25, 327, 329,332, 364, 391, 401, 467f., 522
Alberoni (cardinal), 542n. 61Albert (archduke of Austria), 116, 324,
429Albuquerque, dukes of, 77, 154Alcalá, Diego de, 131Alcalá de Henares, 39, 65, 106, 131, 140,
260, 262; and Irish College, 437; uni-versity of, 153, 181, 300n. 21, 531
Alcanterilla, 251Alcora, 270Alcudeña, 262Aleandro, Girolamo (papal nuncio), 299Alemán, Mateo, 214Alexander VI (pope), 236, 295n. 2, 296,
357, 373, 377n. 87Alexander the Great, 338, 357Alexandria, 166Al‹eri, Vittorio, 123n. 177, 526Alfonso I d’Este, 254Alfonso X of Castile, 538Algeciras, 270Algiers, 192n. 100, 194n. 107, 206n. 160Alhama, 75Alhambra, 52, 103, 110, 111, 249, 252Alicante, 39, 42, 45, 136, 197, 208, 535
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Allen, William (cardinal), 301, 367f.,384, 406, 426n. 118, 427n. 121, 428
Almazán, Nicolás, S.J., 418Almería, 103, 161Alpujarras, 81Alumbrados, 221n. 211, 342Alured, Thomas, 466n. 85Alva Ixtilxóchitl, Fernando de, 484Álvarez, Baltasar, 159n. 116Álvarez de Colmenares. See “Col-
menares, Juan Alvarez de”Amadís de Gaula (Gaule), 169, 448Ambassadors. See DiplomatsAmerica, 192n. 100Amsterdam, 5, 167, 171, 197, 285, 323,
381; Jewish community in, 174–94,198, 199, 213n. 183, 229n. 248
Andalusia (Andalusians), 46, 51, 67, 82,88, 100–103, 149, 199, 212n. 176, 251,253, 262, 269, 401, 411, 418, 424, 512,536n. 37, 540
Angelus, 142Angola, 59, 193n. 104Anna of Austria (queen of Philip II),
144n. 69An Answer to the untruthes published
and printed in Spaine (1589), 386Antequera, 75, 121Antiquities, 107–9Antonio, Nicolás, 125, 537Antwerp, 57, 65f., 116, 174, 175, 180,
186, 196, 241f., 251, 252, 316, 318, 323,355, 443, 450, 505n. 5, 528; Sack of,310f., 336, 398n. 7, 448
Apocalyptic mentality, 363, 384, 459Apparitions, 139f.Appellant party, 369n. 60, 392–94, 396,
399, 419Arabic, 98, 205, 210, 211; manuscripts
in, 67Arabists, 63, 211Arabs, 201Aragon, 31, 41, 66, 87, 88, 91f., 162n. 9,
205, 206, 212, 219, 220, 225f., 243, 262, 274, 300, 403f., 468, 518, 535,536n. 37; and revolt, 84, 86, 216, 387, 389, 422. See also Crown ofAragon
Aragonese, 82, 85, 336, 339, 511, 534n.26, 540
`Arama, Rabbi Isaac, 195Aranjuez, 47, 88, 95, 97f., 106, 534Araucana, 450Archers of the Royal Guard, 65f.Archidona, 251Architects, Italian, 16Architecture, Mudejar, 262Aretino, 236Arévalo, 521Argyle, Archibald Campbell, earl of, 39Ariosto, Ludovico, 237, 299Aristotle, 328Arles, 12Arlington, Lord, 274Armagh, archbishop of, 219Arnauld, Antoine, 237, 336Arnold, John (Carthusian), 422Arras. See Monks, Benedictine from
ArrasArt: Italian, in Spain, 254–56; Medieval,
109–11; Renaissance, 111, 253; Span-ish, diffusion of, 256–60
Arthur (king), 330Arthur, Patrick, 442n. 185Artisans. See England, artisans of; Flan-
ders, artisans ofArtois, 64, 104Arundel, Thomas Howard, earl of, 35,
258, 260, 281n. 28, 282n. 29Ashkenazi, 185Ashley, Robert, 388n. 124Assisi, 13Aston, Walter (Lord Aston of Forfar),
35, 39, 48n. 157, 82n. 44, 85, 119n.157, 120, 121n. 164, 133n. 28, 138n.45, 154n. 103, 258, 434f., 456, 463f.,508, 531
Asturias, 11, 44, 79, 278, 535Atahualpa (Inca), 486, 488Athias, Joseph, 184Atiya, Abraham, 194Augsburg, 243Augustine, St., 182, 191, 359Augustinians, 126, 153Aulnoy, Madame d’, 6n. 11, 43n. 139,
47n. 155, 60–62, 71, 76, 91n. 70, 95,
556 Index
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97n. 91, 100, 111, 122n. 171, 123,153n. 101, 154–56, 229, 233, 243, 289,349, 531, 536
Austria, 16Autos de fé, 135, 178n. 52, 195, 197f.,
216, 221f., 229, 230, 232, 233, 235Autos sacramentales, 136, 137, 139, 140,
141Averroes, 111Avicenna, 111Avity, Pierre d’, 75n. 15, 340, 347, 529,
533, 537n. 39Ayala (“knight of Biscay”), 493Aylmer, John (bishop of London), 361
Bacon, Francis, 118, 287, 309, 381n. 99,387, 444, 453, 458, 459, 476n. 122, 506,507n. 13
Badajoz, 179, 262Badesfort, James, 281Badoaro, Federico (Venetian ambas-
sador), 83n. 48Baglioni (Florentine), 464n. 81Baker, George, 449Baker, Sir Richard, 376n. 82Balaguer, 144Baldi, Pier Maria, 59, 260, 262, 268,
270Bale, John, 359, 377n. 87, 378, 379, 384Balearics, 103, 250Baltasar, Gracián, S.J., 5Bandits, 40, 46, 89Barberini, Francesco (cardinal-legate),
49, 112, 137Barcelona, 11, 38n. 114, 45–47, 50, 56,
66, 75, 79n. 35, 81, 85, 87, 88f., 91, 99,100, 109, 119n. 158, 119, 228n. 240,232, 243, 246, 250, 253, 260, 262, 269n.64, 277, 279, 287, 511, 512, 518, 535,541; British consuls at, 39; convent ofJunqueras in, 88; procession in, 146n.74; sardana at, 59
Barclay, Jean (John), 340f., 504, 532,534, 537, 542
Baretti, Joseph, 3, 56Bargrave, Robert, 42, 92, 93n. 81, 140,
145Barnes, John, 410
Barreiros, Gaspar, 77n. 24, 90n. 68, 91,92n. 80, 111
Barrios, Miguel de (Daniel Levi),188–91, 193, 199
Barvoet, Alexander, 117Basadonna, Pietro (Venetian ambas-
sador), 512Basle, 14, 249. See also Platter, ThomasBasques, 231n. 254, 243, 511; language
of, 81Bassompierre, François de (French
ambassador), 44n. 143, 113, 118n.155, 138, 142n. 60
Bathe, William, 451Bayle, Pierre, 4f., 157, 233, 537Baynham, Sir Edmond, 25Bayonne, 16, 181, 220, 277Beaulieu (English diplomat), 279, 281Bedford, Lord and Lady, 358Bedmar, Alonso de la Cueva, marqués
de (Spanish ambassador), 297n. 6, 524Beg, Uluch (Uruch), 67n. 209, 112Beira, 270Belgium, 126, 512; artisans of, 39. See
also FlandersBellarmine (cardinal), 282Bellièvre, Pomponne de, 336Belon de Mars, Pierre, 165Bembo, Bernardo (Venetian), 55Bembo, Giovanni (Venetian), 108Benavente, count of, 259, 531Benedictine Order, 413, 440; and English
émigrés, 64. See also Monks, Benedic-tine, from Arras
Bentivoglio, Guido (cardinal), 326Benvenisti, Abraham (Augustín
Enríquez), 167Benveniste, Rabbi Moses, 193Benzoni, Gerolamo, 7n. 12, 302f., 304,
333, 379n. 95, 470, 504Bermingham, Richard, O.P., 434Berners, Lord John Bourchier, 446Berry, Richard, 457Bertaut, François, 60, 71, 77n. 24, 93, 97,
98, 102, 110, 111, 123n. 174, 129n. 18,145n. 72, 152, 153, 228, 231, 232, 537
Bérulle, Pierre de, 50, 51n. 163Berwick, 422
index 557
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Besian, Arroy, S.J., 344Betanzos, Juan de, 488Béthoulat, André de (comte de La Vau-
goyon), 93n. 83, 152Biblical language, 13, 91, 136–38,
140–42, 153, 174, 183f., 186, 202, 285, 305, 315f., 344, 357, 361, 386, 388f., 406, 407, 449, 469n. 100,478
Bilbao, 83, 228, 440, 441; British consulsat, 39
Birch, Thomas, 286n. 37Biscay, 41, 45n. 147, 250; Bay of, 87; Bis-
cayans, 339, 442Blackfan, John, S.J., 407“Black Legend” of Spain, 233, 302,
309–27, 376f.Blaye, 11Bluet, Thomas, 393Boccaccio, 387Boccalini, Traiano, 301, 467, 469, 504,
511n. 36Bodenham, Roger, 371Bodin, Jean, 8, 127n. 9, 127, 165, 331–33,
504Bodkin, Augustine, 441f.Bohemian revolution of 1618, 459f. See
also Frederick and Elizabeth ofBohemia
Bohemians, 201Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, 538Bologna, 236, 254, 505Books, published in Spain, 125Books, trade in, 218, 221, 401; and
French booksellers, 227; and Protes-tant books, 218n. 199
Boorde, Andrew, 13, 41, 446n. 2Borghese, Camillo, 49, 91Borgia, Caesar, 329Borough, Stephen, 370Borrello, Camillo, 303, 304n. 35Borromeo (cardinal), 275Borrow, George, 49n. 161, 56Boscán Almogaver, Juan, 450Bosch, Jerónimo, 112, 259Bossuet, 5Botero, Giovanni, 212f., 298, 303f.,
307n. 47, 393, 504
Bothwell, Francis Hepburn Steward,earl of, 422n. 98, 430, 457n. 54
Bothwell, Lord (“bastard sonne”), 47Bradford, John, 360Bradforth (Bradford), John, 354–56,
357, 390n. 130Braga, 74Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeilles,
seigneur de, 43, 54, 124, 141f., 144n.69, 220, 310f., 326, 328–32, 333, 335,345n. 78, 524, 527n. 33
Braun, Georg, 65, 251Brazil, 179f., 512. See also PernambucoBrenan, Gerald, 56Breval, J., 269f.Brigands, 83, 105. See also BanditsBright, Timothy, 362Brihuega, battle of, 517Bristol, 370; earl of (see Digby, Sir John)Brittany, 37, 408Bromley, Sir William, 98, 136, 139n. 46,
229, 541Bronseval, Claude de, 42n. 135, 87n. 59,
89n. 64, 91, 92n. 75, 143n. 65, 220
Browne, Sir Thomas, 133, 239Bruce, Robert, 422n. 99Brueghel, 258, 259; the Younger, 323n.
43Bruges, 65, 423Brunel, Antoine de, 15, 60, 71, 76, 77,
86n. 57, 87n. 59, 87, 97, 104n. 110,122, 130, 530, 534, 538; English trans-lation of, 54n. 174
Bruni, Leonardo, 295n. 2Bruno, Giordano, 307Brushforde, John, 410f.Brussels, 44, 188, 189, 190, 199, 280f.,
282, 324, 368, 428Buckingham, George Villiers, ‹rst duke
of, 35, 57, 79n. 33, 254n. 35, 259, 424,446, 453, 459f., 461–65, 466n. 85,473f., 475n. 121, 477, 478
Bull‹ghts, 55, 59, 119–22, 230, 279, 424,543
Burghley, Lord William Cecil, 36, 57,95, 96n. 88, 276, 311n. 11, 357, 358,363, 365f., 368, 371n. 65, 377n. 88,
558 Index
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380f., 383, 385, 386, 392, 407, 418, 424,443–45, 447, 449
Burgo, Guillelmus de, 426n. 117Burgos, 11, 13, 26, 55, 74, 88, 92, 121,
134n. 30, 144, 214, 250, 405, 532; arch-bishop of, 155n. 109, 531; cathedralat, 109, 110, 137n. 41; cruci‹x at,144n. 69, 145, 146
Burleigh, Lord. See Burghley, WilliamCecil
Burley, Richard, 38Burton, Nicolas, 361Butler, Richard, 37Byron, Lord George Gordon Noel, 123,
231
Cabala (1654), 477f.Cabeças, 251Cabots, 373n. 73Cádiz, 12, 16, 56, 58, 74, 101, 102, 107,
137, 142, 181, 196, 250, 253, 269, 330,383, 388, 420n. 91, 440f., 469, 519;English merchants in, 39; see of, 424
Caetani (cardinal-legate), 336Cairo, 192n. 10Caithness, bishop of, 353Calabria, 305Calais, 358Calatrava, Order of, 197, 198Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 60, 532Calixtus III (pope), 296Calvin, 182, 228, 401, 458Calvinists, 221, 310f., 313, 325, 393, 449Cambiaso, Luca, 258Cambridge: Emmanuel College, 280;
Cambridge University, 450Camden, William, 362, 364, 376n. 82Camões, 191, 276Campanella, Tommaso, 298, 304–7, 325Campion, Edmund, 427, 448Canada, French missionaries to, 334n.
30Canaries, 36n. 97, 193n. 104, 372Canonisation, 133Cansino, Jacob, 198Canterbury, St. Thomas of, 13Capsali, Rabbi Elijah (Joseph), 164, 165,
172f.
Capuchins, 145; French, 148Cárdenas, Alonso de, 476Cardinal-legate. See Barberini,
FrancescoCardoso, Dr. Isaac (Fernando), 178, 184,
199Carel, Jacques (sieur de Sainte-Garde),
60, 117, 122n. 169, 142n. 57, 154n. 103Carleton, Captain George, 90n. 67,
100n. 100, 121n. 165, 149n. 86Carlo Emanuele I of Savoy, 302Carlos, Don. See Don CarlosCarmelites, 144, 326n. 55, 462; Dis-
calced, 50, 350Carranza, Bartolomé de (archbishop of
Toledo), 218, 221, 353n. 11Carrión, 146, 477Cartagena, 259, 330Cartography, 63Carvajal y Mendoza, Luisa de, 416,
457Carvalho, João, 223n. 216Casanova, 122Casaubon, Isaac, 452f.Cashel, archbishop of, 426Cashel, John (archbishop), 442Castelli, Giuseppe, 87n. 59, 117n. 152,
154n. 103Castellion, Sébastien, 165n. 19Castello, Fabricio, 95Castiglione, Baldassare, 297, 528Castile, 10, 41f., 45n. 147, 48, 79, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 92–99, 143, 162n. 9,168n. 25, 170, 172–73, 184, 187, 204, 220, 237, 249, 250, 262, 274, 295n. 2,296, 344n. 76, 366n. 54, 468, 491, 494,505, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 517;admiral of, 42, 115, 531; Castilians,84, 85, 86; Cortes of, 82, 201, 213, 214, 437; Council of, 39, 202; lan-guage of, 4, 55, 62, 81, 166, 169–71,176, 182, 286, 297, 328, 339, 346–50,370, 374, 446–52, 465, 540, 541n. 58;Old, 82
Castro, Alfonso de, 360Castro, Scipio di, 297f.Castro del Rio, 262, 263Castro y Beldis, Guillen de, 347
index 559
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Catalonia, 10, 31, 43, 45f., 47n. 151, 81,87, 88–91, 140, 143, 205, 217, 219, 243,260, 300, 514, 515, 532, 533, 535, 536n.37, 539, 541; Catalan Corts, 85; Cata-lans, 82, 85, 237, 296, 339, 345, 518,540; ›ood in, 146n. 74; and opposi-tion to the Crown, 84; revolt of, 83,85, 86, 216, 307, 506, 510, 511f.
Catherine de Médici (queen of France),334f.
Catherine of Aragon (queen of HenryVIII), 17, 351, 446f.
Catherine of Braganza (queen ofCharles II), 152n. 96
Catholic League, in France, 7, 60, 237,334–39, 342, 401f., 418
Catholics. See England, Catholics in;Ireland; Poles; Scotland, Catholics in;Spanish Catholicism
Cavendish, Charles, 34n. 91Caverel, Philippe de, O.S.B., 42, 53n.
170, 64, 87n. 59, 88n. 61, 89n. 64, 90,91, 92, 100n. 101, 104f., 106, 107, 108,138, 142n. 60, 143n. 65, 530; as abbotof St. Vaast, 64
Cecil, John, 422f., 444n. 199Cecil, Robert. See Salisbury, Robert
CecilCecil, William. See Burghley, William
CecilCecil, William (Lord Roos). See Roos,
Lord William CecilCerdagne, 512Cervantes, 8, 15, 134, 210, 256, 347f.,
451. See also Don QuijoteChalloner, Sir Thomas (English ambas-
sador), 18, 35, 48, 130, 131Chamberlain, John, 282n. 29, 465f.Chapelain, Jean, 71Chapman, George, 389The Character of Spain (1660), 127,
534n. 28, 540, 542Charke, William, 364f.Charlemagne, 12, 59n. 188, 335, 344Charles, Prince. See Charles I of Eng-
landCharles I of England, 6n. 10, 34f., 41,
57, 72, 73n. 11, 79n. 33, 84, 96, 120,
132, 133, 146, 254n. 35, 257–60, 287,342, 363n. 45, 419, 434, 436, 446, 455,459, 461–65, 467n. 88, 469n. 99, 469n.100, 473–77, 504
Charles I of Spain. See Charles VCharles II of England, 35, 54, 75, 121,
272, 274, 276n. 18, 288, 289, 476Charles II of Spain, 50, 86, 116, 151,
191n. 94, 230, 513–17; second queenof, 142. See also Marie Louise
“Charles III” of Spain, 137, 517f.Charles IV of Spain, 161Charles V (Charles I of Spain; Holy
Roman Emperor), 5n. 8, 9n. 18, 12,17f., 45, 48, 53, 64, 79, 82f., 84, 85,103, 110, 115, 120, 164, 173, 183n. 70,205, 216, 219, 221, 224, 226, 236, 241,243, 254, 260, 295, 296, 299, 312, 313,314, 316, 317, 325–27, 329, 330, 331,342, 343, 351, 354, 363, 375, 380, 448,467, 483n. 9, 485, 514f., 528
Charles IX of France, 87n. 59, 363Charles of Guise, 337Charnock, Robert, 399n. 9Chartres, 337Chateaubriand, François René de, 349,
519n. 66, 543f.Chauveton, Urbain, 333Chavagnac, Gaspard de, 46n. 150, 345n.
77Chester, bishop of, 36Chetardye, Trotti de la, 71n. 4Chevreuse, duchesse de, 50, 51n. 163Chi›et, J. J., 344n. 76Chilton, Leonard, 371n. 63China, 234n. 268, 358, 372Christmas Eve, 153Churchill, John, 76n. 16Church music, 93Cid, 183n. 70, 189Cieza, Pedro de, 485–88, 489Cisneros, Diego de, 198f., 350n. 103Cisneros, Francisco Jiménez de (cardi-
nal), 160, 161Cistercians: of the Crown of Aragon,
143; French, 16, 41, 46, 48, 60n. 192,87, 91, 92, 143, 220; of Portugal, 143.See also Bronseval, Claude de
560 Index
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Cîteaux, abbot of, 143n. 66City of Majorca (Palma), cathedral at,
104Ciudad Real, 195Ciuti, Jacopo, 59n. 190Clairvaux, abbot of. See CisterciansClarendon, Lord. See Hyde, EdwardCleland, James, 72Clement VII (pope), 236, 241, 360Clement VIII (pope), 301, 421Clénard, Nicolas, 7n. 12, 12, 40n.125,
64, 504Clergy, 243f.Climent (bishop of Barcelona), 137Cloppenburch, Jan Everhardts, 319–24Clovis, 335, 344n. 76Cock, Henri, of Gorcum, 65f., 81, 88f.,
90, 91, 92n. 75, 99, 100n. 100, 106,108, 109n. 127, 111, 120, 144, 225
Coimbra, 74Coke, Roger, 148, 474n. 117Coke, Sir Edward, 460Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 101, 478, 535Colleton, John, 399n. 9Collioure, 46“Colmenares, Juan Alvarez de,” 43n.
139, 81n. 40, 155n. 109, 235n. 272,269, 536n. 34
Colmenares, Madre Luisa (Franciscannun), 146, 462, 477
Cologne, 13Columbus, 303, 333“Comedias.” See TheatreCommynes, Philip de, 343Compostela. See Santiago de Com-
postelaConchillos, Lope, 202Confalionieri, Giovanni Battista, 47Confraternities, 157Congregación Real de Esclavos de el
Dulce Nombre de María, 462Connaught, 438f.Conry, Florence (Flaithrí Ó Maol-
chonaire), O.M. (archbishop ofTuam), 435n. 161, 438f., 440
Constantine (Roman emperor), 361Constantinople, 72, 166, 167, 170, 171,
174, 192, 193, 194, 206, 209, 211, 470
Consuegra, fray Diego de, 151Consuls, British, 39Contarini, Gasparo, 83n. 48, 223Contarini, Simeone (Venetian ambas-
sador), 78Conti, Ascanio, 139n. 46, 155n. 107, 278Conversos, from Judaism, 67f., 78, 137,
161–63, 165, 167f., 169, 174, 175, 177,179, 184, 192f., 194–203, 207, 211, 213,214, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224,225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 235f., 237,300f., 304, 336, 401, 404, 539; bankers,196
Conway, Richard, 439, 440n. 174Copley, Antony, 393Córdoba, 43, 75, 102, 123n. 174, 150,
178, 189, 197, 231, 260, 330, 539, 541n.58; bull‹ght at, 59; and English arti-sans, 39; ‹gs from, 35; Mezquita, 77,110, 111, 277
Corfu, 192n. 100Cork, 435Corneille, 123, 347f., 349“Cornelio Mauricio,” 433Cornwall, 38, 383, 401Cornwallis, Sir Charles (English ambas-
sador), 23–26, 27 illus., 131, 132,134n. 32, 135n. 36, 204, 208f., 211,223n. 214, 226f., 415f., 431f., 433f.,453–56, 458n. 57
Cornwallis, Sir Thomas, 132n. 27, 396n. 2
Cornwallis, Sir William, 24Corpus Christi, feast of, 55, 140; proces-
sion on, 130, 135, 136, 153, 230, 489Correggio, 257Corro, Antonio del, 233n. 264, 313n. 17,
383, 449Corsairs, Moorish, 46Corsini, Marchese Filippo, 59Cortes, Castilian, 16, 82, 99, 149, 460; of
Monzón, 83Cortés, Fernando, 243, 372, 482, 484Cortés, Martín, 357, 370Cortizos, Manuel, 198Cosimo III (Grand Duke of Tuscany),
41, 47, 59, 91, 110, 115n. 146, 231, 260,536
index 561
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Coste, Pierre, 4n. 4Cotein, Juan, 222Cottington, Francis (‹rst baron; English
ambassador), 21, 25f., 28 illus., 29,33–35, 48n. 157, 48, 50, 51n. 163, 209,211n. 174, 258–60, 273, 277, 279, 281,282n. 29, 291, 416n. 73, 434, 455f.,475, 477
Cotton, Sir Robert, 366n. 54, 394, 460n.65
Coulanges, Madame de, 60Council of State, 126f., 223n. 214, 276,
401–3, 413n. 62, 415n. 72, 419, 423,426, 429f., 431, 432, 439, 455, 462,463n. 79
Council of Trent, 22n. 64, 216Counter-Reformation, 7f., 16, 325, 396,
437, 440Court, Benoît de, 534n. 25Court of Spain, 60, 111–16, 178, 272,
308, 534Covel, Dr. John, 133n. 29, 149n. 86Craftsmen, French, 47Cranmer, Thomas (archbishop of Can-
terbury), 360Crawford, David Lindsay, earl of, 422n.
98Crescenzi, Giovanni Battista (marqués
de La Torre), 256, 258Crespin, Jean, 232Creswell, Joseph, S.J., 24n. 72, 25, 158f.,
208, 369, 400–405, 408, 413–20, 430,433, 457
Crete, 164Croke, John, 384n. 115Cromwell, Oliver, 130, 183, 192, 193,
395n. 147, 444, 476, 478f.Cromwell, Thomas (earl of Essex), 13,
360Crown of Aragon, 82, 83, 84, 86, 172,
204, 208, 243, 250, 296, 332, 387, 517
Crusaders, 15f.Cuelbis (Culbis), Diego, 49, 129f., 143n.
63, 145n. 72, 147n. 78, 252Cuello, Antonio, 135n. 36Cuenca, 187, 215n. 190, 221n. 211, 268,
278
Custom-of‹cers (agents), 40, 87; atAragon, 45
Cuzco, 487, 489, 490
Da Costa, Uriel (Gabriel), 183, 184n. 72,185f.
Dacres, Francis, 411Dallington, Robert, 74, 75Dal Pozzo, Cassiano, 99n. 98, 112, 119,
121, 137, 139, 212, 231n. 253Dante, 299Dantiscus, Joannes, 53, 224, 226, 243Danzig. See Diplomats, DanzigDarbishire, Father (Carthusian), 280Darcy, Lord, 16Daroca, 144Daunce, Edward, 388Davenant, Charles, 307n. 47Davies, Sir John, 434n. 156Davies, William, 72n. 8Davila, Enrico Caterino, 339n. 56Davila, Fr. Thomas, O.S.A., 126Dee, John, 370, 372f.De Laet, Johann, 504f., 506Delgado, Isabel, 53Dellon, Charles, 233, 234Denmark, 72, 117, 373, 392; the Dutch,
24n. 71, 204, 209, 280, 380, 391, 394,453, 455, 456, 465, 467, 475, 480, 504,507, 508, 509, 512f., 514; pamphleteersin, 234, 384, 387; revolt in, 171, 364,366, 367, 376, 379, 398, 430, 433, 476,521, 522, 526; views of Spain in, 242n. 1
Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, earl of, 403
Descartes, 118De Thou, J. A., 234, 235, 237, 295, 313,
337, 343n. 72, 452, 504, 523, 524, 526Deventer, 367Devon, 352Dialogue d’entre le Maheustre et le
Manant, 338Dias, Mihael, 193Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 484Diedo, Gerolamo, 298n. 11Dietrichstein (imperial ambassador),
524
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Digby, Sir John (later ‹rst earl of Bris-tol; English ambassador), 21, 24, 25n.77, 26, 28f., 30 illus., 35, 44, 50, 51n.163, 57, 101n. 103, 222n. 212, 287n.42, 416, 417f., 455–58, 461, 462–64,477
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 57f., 117n. 152, 272,473, 474n. 112, 478n. 132
Digges, Leonard, 451Diplomats: Danish, 499; Danzig, 130;
English, 17–19, 21, 23, 29–36, 39, 44f.,94, 120, 135, 136, 143, 148, 149, 151,153, 198, 226n. 235, 226f., 279, 470f.,531, 543; French, 19f., 26, 42, 117,129, 131, 138, 151, 152, 154, 204n. 150,206n. 160, 221n. 211, 230, 521, 535,538f.; Genoese, 93, 533; Italian, 45;Japanese, 96n. 88, 101, 105n. 111, 139,144n. 70; Mantuan, 508; Moroccan,11, 46, 67, 94, 98, 106, 123n. 175, 148,228, 231, 272; papal nuncios, 22, 204,299f., 476; Persian, 112; Polish (seeDantiscus, Joannes); and theirreports, 17–38, 93; Spanish, 36, 260,373n. 74, 401, 404, 426n. 114, 426, 431,434, 455, 466n. 85, 505; Tuscan, 115,254f., 300, 464n. 81 (see alsoMonanni, Bernardo); Swedish, 475;Venetian, 9, 19–22, 37, 48n. 157, 78,83, 96, 98n. 96, 99n. 99, 105n. 111,109n. 128, 113, 122n. 169, 126n. 5,128f., 131, 143, 144n. 69, 153, 197n.119, 204n. 150, 206, 213, 217, 221n.211, 223, 224f., 236, 237, 255, 274n.14, 281, 299n. 16, 302, 379f., 382,506f., 508, 511f., 513, 516, 520–22,528–30, 533, 535, 536, 543. See alsoLucca, representatives of; Testi, Ful-vio; and individual diplomats
A Direction for a Travailer, 6, 74Discours de la contrariété, 341–44, 345Doerhanen, Henricus, 325n. 52“Doleman, R.,” 368f., 410Domingo de Santo Tomás, O.P., 483n.
9, 486Dominicans, 105, 150, 152, 224, 239,
305, 307, 360, 440, 478, 486, 491, 494.See also Navarrete, Domingo, O.P.
Donà, Leonardo (Venetian ambas-sador), 128, 224f., 297
Don Antonio (Portuguese pretender),373, 392
Don Carlos, 9, 130f., 313, 315, 326, 331,336, 444n. 199, 449n. 18, 520–27
Donne, John, 57Don Quijote, 61, 78, 276, 344, 347, 348,
467n. 88Doria, Paolo Mattia, 299n. 13Dorléans, Luis, 338Dort, Franciscus à, 95Douai, 64, 369, 398, 405, 408, 409, 451;
Scots College, 424Drake, Sir Francis, 9, 298n. 9, 364n. 50,
372, 374, 376, 379, 380n. 97, 381, 382,392, 405, 504
Dublin, 427; Trinity College, 437Dudley, Arthur, 38Dugdale, Richard, 235Dumas, Alexandre, 346Dunblane, bishop of, 422Duran, Rabbi Solomon ben Simon,
194n. 107Dutch Company of the East Indies, 193
East Indies, 179, 380, 512Ébrard, Jean (seigneur de Saint-Sulpice),
221n. 211Ecija, 75Eden, Richard, 43n. 138, 357f., 370, 377,
378, 425Edgeman, William, 135n. 35Edmonds (Edmondes), Sir Thomas
(ambassador), 7n. 12, 456Edward III of England, 352Edward VI of England, 357, 360, 418,
447Eisenmenger, Johann Andreas, 200Elder, John, 352f.Eleanor (queen-dowager of France), 312Eliot, John, 95, 96Elizabeth I of England, 7, 9, 18, 25, 38,
51, 57, 72, 130, 132, 158, 208, 280,311f., 342, 356, 357f., 360, 361–95,399n. 9, 399, 400, 401, 403, 406, 410,418, 419, 421, 429f., 437, 439, 443f.,446f., 449, 453, 460, 467
index 563
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Elizabeth of Valois (queen of Philip II),315, 329n. 9, 336f., 522, 523n. 14,523n. 16, 524f.
Ely, 368Embassies: chaplains of, 39, 451; Eng-
lish, 53n. 172, 87, 111, 123n. 177;French, 50, 93, 118; Persian, 67n. 209;and Protestant services in Madrid, 18,25, 26; Spanish, and Catholic servicesin London, 18; Turkish, 18n. 56. Seealso Diplomats
Emblesmes sur les actions, perfectionset moeurs du Segnor Espagnol, 340
Engineers, in Italian military, 16England, 4, 54, 71, 76, 86, 125, 176,
192f., 208, 223, 225, 249, 304, 314, 317,332, 342, 345, 446–79, 491n. 52, 518,520, 542; artisans of, 39; Catholics in,7, 16, 19, 36, 126f., 233, 290f., 342,344, 365, 368–70, 385, 386, 390, 391f.,403, 452, 456, 457, 475n. 83, 471–73,476–79; the English, 17–19, 63, 89,201, 204, 298, 480, 504, 505; exilesfrom, 38, 157–60, 201n. 138, 233, 277,280, 281, 364, 376n. 82, 391, 393f.,396–421, 448, 451, 454, 470, 472;Jesuits of, 158; king of, 12n. 28; mer-chants of, 23, 132, 226f.; pamphleteersof, 476f.; reports from, 93n. 84; resi-dents of, 38f.
Engle‹eld, Sir Francis, 38, 391n. 132,411, 412, 428
Enríquez Gómez, Antonio, 187f., 197n.118, 203, 218, 226
Ens, Gaspar, 75n. 15, 101n. 103Enzinas, Francisco de, 233n. 264Erasmus, 8, 13, 40, 160f., 173, 200n. 131,
236, 238, 299, 528; Erasmians, 8, 12,53, 224, 447, 486, 537
Ernest (archduke of Austria), 389Errol, Francis Hay, earl of, 422n. 98Escalante, Bernardino de, 372Escobar y Mendoza, Antonio de, S.J.,
60, 538Escorial, 17, 55n. 178, 67, 74, 75, 76, 88,
94, 95–97, 109, 112, 115, 117, 134, 154,190, 242n. 2, 255, 257, 262, 279, 345,409, 424, 428, 470, 472, 504, 540
Escudero, Lorenzo (Abraham Israel),188
Espina, Juan de, 258Essex, 358n. 27Essex, Robert Devereux, earl of, 394,
449Estalagem da Gaita, 264Estella, Diego de, O.M., 191“Ethiopian” (black) slave, 64n. 203Eusebius of Caesaria, 361“Eussem, Esteban,” 52n. 169Evelyn, John, 54, 58n. 187, 285n. 35Everaerts, Jean. See Second, JeanEvil eye, 58Evora, 64Exiles: Catholic, 38, 157f., 396–445; col-
leges founded by, 158, 366f., 369, 375,384, 405–15, 436f., 445; Jewish, of1492, 157f., 162–69; religious, 16. Seealso England, exiles from; Ireland,exiles from; Scotland, exiles from
Extremadura, 91, 197n. 118Eymerich, Nicolau, O.P., 217
Fairecloth, Alexander, 410Fairfax, Lord Thomas, 478Faith healers, 58The Famous Fight at Malago (1588),
387Fanshawe, Lady Ann (wife of Sir
Richard Fanshawe), 34, 43, 52, 54, 57,77, 97, 98, 101, 102, 124, 228f., 282f.,288–91, 531n. 12
Fanshawe, Sir Richard, 29, 31, 33 illus.,34, 39, 97, 102, 119n. 158, 150n. 89,273, 288f., 514, 515
Favyn, André, 234Feltham, Owen, 315n. 30, 327n. 58Felton, John, 446Fénelon, François de (archbishop of
Combray), 233n. 262, 350Fer, N. de, 76n. 19Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Emperor), 51Ferdinand I of Spain (Ferdinand the
Catholic), 5n. 8, 15f., 51, 59, 128, 190,204, 326, 329, 332, 467f., 481, 513; andIsabel, 103, 164f., 172, 178, 200, 223,252, 296, 482, 518
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Ferdinand VII of Spain, 519n. 66Feria, duchess of (née Jane Dormer),
411Fernández, Juan (el Labrador), 259f.Fernández de Enciso, Martín, 372Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo, 240,
357, 485Fernández de Villarreal, Manoel, 218Fernández Navarete (de Navarrete),
Pedro, 212, 276, 504Fernando I de’ Medici (Grand Duke of
Tuscany), 301Ferrar, Nicholas, 57Ferrara, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 184Ferrar family, 113n. 144Fez, 184, 206Fialetti, 281n. 28Ficino, Marsilio, 307Field, Eugene, 435Field, John, 371A Fig for the Spaniard (1591), 387Finisterre, 11Fitzgerald, Richard, 94n. 85, 129n. 14,
154n. 103, 275n. 16, 515n. 47Fitzherbert, Thomas, S.J., 201n. 138,
402, 410, 411, 428f.Fitzmaurice, James, 426Flagellants, 138, 243, 248, 270f.Flahry of Tuam. See Conry, FlorenceFlanders, 16, 34, 72, 73, 92, 99, 117, 123,
174, 177, 179, 180, 188, 225, 227, 300,305, 329, 330, 354, 363, 364n. 50, 369,372, 401, 403, 408, 409, 411, 417, 418,419, 423, 428, 432, 437, 438, 446, 491n.52, 509, 512; artisans of, 63; artists of,241f., 251; bookseller of, 94; engineerof, 63; the Flemish; 62, 100, 116, 117,230, 307, 336, 449, 507; humanists of,139; members of the royal householdin, 83; musicians of, 63; nobles of, 79,pilot of, 63, scholars of, 64; soldiersof, 88
Fletcher, Andrew (Alexander) ofSaltoun, 299n. 13, 327
Florence, 59, 73, 88, 194, 205n. 154,287f., 448n. 14
Flores, marqués de, 416f.Florida, 333
Foix, Louis de (“Foxius”), 523, 539n. 51
Fonseca, Cristóbal de, 451, 532Fontana, Bartolomeo, 11f.Fontanelli, Count Alfonso, 45n. 147Ford, Richard, 3, 56, 100Fornells, 104n. 110Forneron, Henri, 527n. 34Foster, Seth, 391n. 132Fourquevaux, François Beccarie de
Pavie, baron de (French ambassador),20n. 62, 107n. 117, 206n. 160
Foxe, John, 232, 353n. 11, 358–63, 371,378, 379, 384, 459, 479
Frampton, John, 371n. 65, 372France, 4, 46n. 150, 62, 64, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92,97, 118, 125, 126, 133, 168, 176, 177,184, 187, 188, 199, 203, 204, 225, 249,283, 288, 295, 296, 297, 301, 304, 307,314, 317, 327, 328–50, 351, 358, 363f.,368, 373, 389, 392, 400, 401, 403, 405,446, 453, 465, 468, 479, 504, 506n. 11,508, 509, 511, 512, 513, 517–19, 542f.;compared to Spain, 80, 274, 286, 510,514f.; craftsmen of, 92; the French,50, 51n. 163, 81, 129, 201, 228, 237f.,279, 298, 378, 409, 480, 522, 528;southern, 138, 209, 211
Franchi, Fabio, 118n. 156Francis I of France, 205n. 154, 241,
354n. 16Francis II of France, 312, 364Franciscans, 25, 148, 150, 152, 323, 440,
484, 491, 493, 494, 499; English, 98,108n. 125, 146; German, 137n. 41,139n. 47; Irish, 435, 438. See alsoÁlvarez, Baltasar; “Colmenares, JuanAlvarez de”; Pineda, Juan de
Francis Xavier, St. 153François (duke of Anjou), 311, 323Frankfort, 323Frederick II (Elector Palatine), 9n. 18,
41f., 48, 226Frederick and Elizabeth of Bohemia,
363n. 45, 416, 460, 462, 507Fresneda, Bernardo de (bishop of
Cuenca), 237
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Friars, 56, 142, 270, 462; Carmelite, 148.See also Augustinians; Dominicans;Franciscans
Fribourg, 14Frobisher, Martin, 358Fromista, marqués de, 190n. 89Fuente del Maestre, 148n. 84Fuenterrabía, 243Fugger correspondence, 140, 221Furió y Ceriol, Fadrique, 201n. 137,
449n. 18
Gachard, L. P., 526f.Gage, George, 99n. 97Gage, Thomas, 445n. 202, 478f.Gaguin, Robert, 52n. 169, 80Galateo (Antonio de Ferrariis), 296n. 4,
297, 305Galen, 117Galicia, 11f., 14, 41, 44, 87, 107, 223n.
214, 237, 262, 278, 405, 536n. 37Galway, 441f.Garau, Francisco, 232n. 257García, Carlos, 341f., 346Garcilaso de la Vega, 450Garcilaso de la Vega (el Inca), 488–90,
491Gardiner, Sir William, 289, 510n. 32Garin, Juan, 90Garnet, Henry, S.J., 433, 455Gascoigne, George, 311n. 8Gascons, 533Al-Gassani. See Muhammad ibn `Abd
al-WahhaGattinara, Mercurino de, 128n. 13,
299Gautier, Théophile, 543Gazette, 229, 233Geddes, Michael, 212n. 176, 234, 238n.
283Gemelli-Careri, Giovanni Francesco,
101n. 104General Council of Constance, 363Generalife, 103, 252, 348Geneva, 303, 313Gennadij (archbishop of Novgorod),
481Genoa, 166, 168, 208, 285n. 35, 301, 409,
448n. 14, 467; doctor of, 89; theGenoese, 16, 48, 100, 196
Gentillet, Innocent, 334Gerbier, Sir Balthazar (Baltasar), 73n.
11, 505German Diet, 312, 314Germanías, 205Germans, 14, 50, 52, 90, 99, 117, 201,
226, 325, 330, 331, 335, 356, 528, 533;of‹cial, 53; pilgrims, 15; students, 72,147; travel accounts of, 41. See alsoCuelbis, Diego; Frederick II
Germany, 12, 13, 22, 48n. 157, 72, 73, 92,125, 223, 225, 246, 249, 285, 358, 395,418, 461, 469, 512, 513
Gerson, Rabbi Joseph ben Don Meir,195
Giambologna, 259Gibbes (Gibbs), James, 97, 117Gibbon, Christopher, 388Gibraltar, 42, 102, 253, 270, 517, 518Gilbert, Sir Humphrey (Humfrey),
373n. 73, 425Gill, Alexander, 238n. 283Giovio, Paolo, 313Giraf‹, Alessandro, 511Girona, 45, 76Giustiniani, Bernardo, 505“Glorious Revolution” of 1688, 307n.
47Gloucester, dean of, 18. See also Man,
Dr. JohnGodolphin, Sir William (English ambas-
sador), 31, 33, 39n. 115, 44n. 142, 94,136, 137n. 40, 148n. 83, 151n. 95,154n. 103, 229n. 246, 273–76, 291,298n. 10, 514
Góis (Goes), Damião de, 8, 12, 250Gomes Silveyra, Abraham, 200, 213n.
183Gómez de Toledo, Diego (Semuel Abo-
lafí), 196f.Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña,
count of (Spanish ambassador), 29n.84, 52n. 169, 282, 418n. 84, 431, 432,452, 457f., 459n. 61, 460, 461n. 70,465f., 468f., 476n. 122, 477f., 506, 508
566 Index
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Góngora y Argote, Luis de, 118n. 156,222, 276
González de Cellorigo, Martín, 202n.141
Goodricke, Sir Henry (English ambas-sador), 35, 275f.
Googe, Barnaby, 57Gordon, William, 435Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 24n. 71Gornia, Dr. Giovanni Battista, 59Goths, 297, 335, 366n. 54, 388, 393, 529Gottfried, Johann Ludwig, 75n. 15Gourville, Jean Hérault de, 538n. 46Gracián, Baltasar, S.J., 5, 50, 51n. 163,
182, 231, 276, 350Gracián de Alderete, Diego, 53Gramont, Antoine Charles, Maréchal
de, 115, 228, 347, 349; son of, 97, 115,129, 228, 347
Granada, 11f., 26, 47f., 49n. 159, 52, 63,75, 81, 92, 99, 103, 110, 123n. 174, 160,164, 172, 197, 204, 205, 208, 210, 213,219, 223, 231, 237, 242, 243, 249, 250,251f., 262, 268, 270, 278, 287, 295n. 2,296n. 4, 339, 349, 468, 541n. 58; cathe-dral of, 111; Colegio de los NuevosCristianos, 208; fray Luis de, O.M.,104, 105, 128, 191, 450, 452, 491;Morisco revolt in, 206, 220f.; Provin-cial Council, 206; relics in, 147. Seealso Alhambra; Generalife;Sacromonte
Grand Tour, 543Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot (cardinal),
64, 299, 306, 309, 310, 312“Gravity,” 532–34, 536, 540Greek, 64f., 108n. 126, 117, 406, 407;
manuscripts in, 117Greene, Giles, 476Greene, Robert, 387Greville, Fulke, 449Grimeston, Edward, 23n. 66, 377n. 88,
522f., 534Grindal, Edmund (archbishop of Can-
terbury), 359Grotius, Hugo, 86, 238Guadalajara, 111Guadalquivir River, 55, 63, 101
Guadalupe monastery, 12f., 77n. 24, 91,144
Guadix, bishop of, 147Guaman Poma de Ayala, Phelipe, 489,
490–99Guatemala, 478Gudannes, Madame de, 61f., 86, 142n.
58, 151, 230n. 249Guernica, 441Guevara (cardinal archbishop), 201n.
138Guevara, Antonio de (bishop of Mon-
doñedo), 286, 446, 450Guez, Jean-Louis (seigneur de Balsac),
237f., 345, 537Guiana, 374–76Guicciardini, Francesco, 40, 48n. 157,
48, 59, 82, 88, 91, 123n. 175, 128, 219,236, 313, 504, 535
Guidebooks, 54, 74–76Guinea, 371Guipuzcoa, 84, 243Guise, cardinal de, 106Gulf of Lyons, 45Gunpowder Plot, 25, 362, 433, 455, 470Guyon, Madame, 350Guzman, Luis de, 278Guzmán de Alfarache, 43, 452, 467n. 88Gypsies, 213
Habsburgs, Austrian, 31, 67, 190, 461,513
Hacket, Thomas, 425Hadoque, Ricardo, 427n. 121Hadrian VI (pope), 236Hagthorpe, John, 469, 470Hakluyt, Richard, 358, 370f., 373–79,
383f., 447, 449, 479Hakluyt, Richard (lawyer), 371Ha-Kohen, Joseph, 168f., 172Hales, John, 362Halkett, Lady Anne, 289Hall, Joseph (later bishop), 73n. 10Hall, Richard, 376n. 82Hamburg, 52, 95, 179, 184, 192n. 100,
197, 368Hamilton, Lord Claude (Lord Paisley),
422n. 98
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Hannibal, 108Hanse towns, 392f.Happel, Everhard, Graf, 130n. 20, 130Hardales, 251Hardington, Mr., 34Haro, Luis de, 516Harrach (count; Austrian ambassador),
119n. 158Harrington, James, 193Harrison, Sir John, 288Hastings, Sir Francis, 390Hawkins, John, 364, 371, 376, 378,
394Hawks, Henry, 371, 378Hebrew, 166, 168, 169f., 171, 176, 182n.
67, 184, 406, 407Hebrides, 423Hebron, 175Heidelberg, 233, 313Heighinton, Robert, 368n. 58Heldt (Hagelsheimer), Sigmund, 246,
249Heliche, marqués de, 255n. 36Hennin, Georges de, 507Henrietta Maria (queen of England),
342, 475, 476Henry (duke of Guise), 334, 336Henry (Prince of Wales), 72, 131, 132,
134, 257, 280, 416, 431, 454, 455, 456n.50, 459, 460
Henry II of England, 421Henry II of France, 328, 332, 363Henry II of Spain, 315Henry III of France, 20, 311, 328, 334,
336, 337, 340, 520Henry IV of England, 363Henry IV of France (of Navarre), 208,
237, 301, 328, 340–43, 349, 369, 383,403, 467
Henry V of England, 363Henry VII of England, 296n. 4, 373n. 73Henry VIII of England, 17, 22, 219, 342,
351, 357, 360, 363, 373n. 73, 402Herbert, George, 47Heretics, 128, 142; Dutch, 64; German,
12, 222Hermits, 90Herod, 522
Herrera, Antonio de, 300n. 18, 484f.,542n. 59
Heylyn, Peter, 234, 235, 529, 534n. 28,536
Heywood, Thomas, 41, 278, 469n. 99Hidalguía, 184, 214, 420, 442, 531, 534f.Hieronymites. See EscorialHispania Illlustrata or the Maxims of
the Spanish Court, 542Hispaniola, 303Hispanus, 390Hobbes, 118Hoefnagel, Joris (Georg), 251–53, 254,
262, 269Hogenberg, Franz, 251Holanda, Francisco de, 242f.Holinshed, Raphael, 362, 376n. 82Holland, 37, 63, 65, 72, 77, 130, 203,
211, 223, 283, 285, 345, 511Holles, John (‹rst earl of Clare), 73,Holles, John (second earl of Clare),
238n. 283Holten, Arnold von, 108, 130n. 21The Holy Bull and Crusado of Rome
(1588), 381n. 103Holy Week, 138f., 155, 246Honour code, 299, 531f.Hooker, Richard, 238Hopton, Sir Arthur (English ambas-
sador), 31, 32 illus., 33–35, 82n. 44,84, 85, 146n. 76, 198n. 125, 227n. 235,258, 259, 260n. 50, 435n. 161, 503, 505,508n. 18, 509, 510, 531n. 13
Host, the, 138, 142, 144, 150n. 89, 153,154, 155, 156, 226
Houblon, J. A., 58, 229n. 247Howard, Henry (earl of Northampton),
449Howard, Thomas, 416Howard of Ef‹ngham, Lord Charles
(later earl of Nottingham), 23, 274n.12, 381n. 99
Howell, James, 3, 38n. 114, 43n. 138,46n. 149, 57, 71n. 5, 78n. 25, 80f., 89,90, 91n. 69, 96, 99, 100, 107, 115n.146, 124n. 178, 143n. 64, 229n. 245,232, 282–87, 284 illus., 289, 291, 451,466, 474, 510, 511, 530f., 533n. 23, 535
568 Index
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Huelva, 212n. 177Hugo, Victor, 229, 346Huguenots, 206, 233, 342. See also
Protestants, FrenchHumanists, Italian, 17, 160. See also
Marineo Sículo, Lucio; Martired’Anghiera, Pietro; Schott, André,S.J.; Vasaeus, Joannes
Hungary, 72, 285Hunting, 94, 112n. 143Huntley, George Gordon, earl of (later
marquess), 422, 423n. 105Hyde, Edward (later Lord Clarendon),
31, 44n. 143, 58n. 185, 71, 116n. 147,272f., 512n. 37, 542n. 59
Ibn Verga, Solomon, 163, 169, 178Idana, Abraham (Gaspar Mendes del
Arroyo), 179Idiáquez y Olazabal, Juan de, 20, 369,
404Idleness, 76f., 534–36, 538n. 46, 540, 541,
542n. 61Ignatius of Loyola, St., 133, 153Illescas, 166Immaculate Conception, 142Imperiale, Giovanni Vincenzo, 89n. 64Incas, 304, 483, 486–88, 490, 493f., 496Indians, 243, 302f., 304, 317f., 323, 328,
333f., 339, 343, 453n. 32, 469, 482f.,493–500, 504
Infantado, dukes of, 9, 464Inns, 40–44, 356, 412; kept by Flemings,
55Inquisition: Jewish, 185f.; Portuguese, 8,
233; Spanish, 6, 8, 9, 18f., 20, 24f.,36n. 97, 36, 37, 47, 67, 72, 73, 74n. 11,79, 90, 118, 129, 140, 146f., 150n. 89,159, 161, 165f., 171, 173f., 176, 177,178f., 181, 182, 185, 187f., 190, 192f.,195f., 197, 198f., 200–203, 207, 209,215–40, 270f., 287, 300, 310, 312, 313,314–16, 318, 324–26, 327, 331, 338,342, 359, 363, 371, 372n. 69, 375, 381n.103, 383, 404, 411, 412n. 56, 416n. 73,441, 443, 452, 458, 470, 472, 480f., 485,522, 524–27, 541, 543; Venetian, 167
Ireland (the Irish), 8n. 14, 16, 37, 117,
193, 209, 279, 380, 403, 408, 409, 423,424–42, 456, 514, 534, 541; exilesfrom, 157–59, 421, 424–42
Irun, 51Isaba, M. de, 201Isabel, Infanta (daughter of Philip II),
116, 237, 255n. 36, 280, 326, 334,336f., 368, 390, 399, 400n. 15, 402n.21, 403, 410, 411, 423, 522
Isabel I (Isabel the Catholic; queen ofSpain), 77, 82, 121. See also Ferdi-nand I of Spain, and Isabel
Isidore of Seville, St., 106, 163n. 13, 190,242
Isidro. See San IsidroIsla, Luis de la, 166, 167Islamic monuments, 110Itálica, 107, 109n. 127, 253, 270Italy, 56, 72, 73, 75, 95, 99, 104, 117, 123,
133, 138, 158, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169f.,189, 192, 198n. 123, 199, 227, 252, 277,283, 285, 287, 295–308, 314, 316, 358,380, 422, 446, 448, 467, 468, 504, 509,513, 521, 529; artists of, 241; com-pared with Spain, 288; Italians, 16,49f., 51n. 163, 52, 88, 89, 107, 129,138, 201, 331, 378, 409, 480, 505, 522,528; language of, 81
Ivan III (Grand Duke of Moscow), 481Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible; Grand Duke
of Moscow), 482, 520Ivarra, Francisco de, 300n. 21
Jabez, Jacob, 158Jackson, John, 40n. 127, 43Jacob, William, 231n. 256Jacob of Burgos, 193Jaén, 12, 144Jamaica, 395n. 147, 444James, Thomas, 411f.James I of England (James VI of Scot-
land), 23, 24n. 74, 25, 29, 39, 72, 126,133, 209, 277, 281f., 287, 379n. 95,379n. 96, 384, 394, 399, 402f., 411,418n. 84, 422, 423, 431, 432, 433, 437,443, 446, 450, 452–57, 459–65, 470,473, 474, 476n. 122, 477, 506
James II of England, 34, 55n. 177, 362
index 569
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James V of Scotland, 363Jansenius, 49n. 161, 63, 228, 344Japan, 358Jassy (Yash), 93Játiva, 541Jeffries, Peter, 440Jerez de la Frontera, 102, 251; charter-
house of, 58. See also SherryJerusalem, 170, 190, 192n. 100, 470Jesuit College, 153Jesuits. See Society of JesusJewel, John (bishop of Salisbury), 360n.
32, 361Jewish authors, 67Jews, 17, 25, 26, 50, 67, 72n. 8, 78, 251,
270, 339, 482, 493, 511, 518, 529;expulsion of, 157f., 160–62, 170, 195n.111, 230, 342, 357, 536, 541. See alsoConversos, from Judaism; Exiles,Jewish, of 1492; Marranos; “NewChristians”
John III of Portugal, 178, 242John IV of Portugal, 187, 203John (Juan) of Avila, St., 350, 539John of the Cross, St., 350Johnson, Robert, 303f.Joly, Barthelémy, 43, 60n. 192, 79n. 35,
84, 89, 90n. 67, 92, 99, 100, 111, 147n.79, 227, 530
Jordan, Claude, 76n. 18, 153n. 101Joseph, Father, 86Josephus, 182Jouvin de Rochefort, A., 43n. 139, 49n.
162, 56, 71, 109n. 129, 110n. 132,142n. 62, 145n. 73
Joyeuse, cardinal-duke of, 89Juana, Infanta (daughter of Charles V),
521Juan of Austria (son of Charles V),
311n. 8, 312, 327, 426Juan of Austria (son of Philip IV), 298n.
10, 514Judah, Jacob (Yahacob Yehuda), Leon
Templo, 184n. 73, 184Judah del Bene, 178n. 52“Judaising heresy,” in Russia, 480–82Julius II (pope), 236, 301Julius Caesar, 330
Ken, Thomas (bishop of Bath andWells), 452
Kent, 352Kerr (Car), George, 430Khevenhüller, 14n. 34Kinsale, 383, 421, 430, 438
La Celestina, 169, 447, 450, 452La Coruña, 25, 38n. 114, 44, 107, 262,
411, 440; British consuls at, 39Lactantius, 191, 361Lacy, John, 441La Fayette, Madame de, 349Laf‹, Domenico, 15n. 38, 143n. 66La Fontaine, 538La Gasca, Pedro de, 486Lake, Lady, 281, 282n. 29Lake, Sir Arthur, 282n. 29La Mancha, 41, 46, 48, 121n. 165, 174n.
42La Mesnardiére, Jules de, 349f.Lancelot, Claude, 347Lancre, Pierre de, 234f., 237Landscapes, 103, 105–7, 259, 260–68,
270Lange, Dr. Johannes, 52n. 169, 92, 109n.
129, 220Langton, Robert (archdeacon of Salis-
bury), 12f.Language study, 73Languet, Hubert, 51f., 448n. 12, 449Lansdowne, Lord, 29Lansius, Thomas, 504Lantéry, Raymond, 42n. 135, 101n. 105La Rochefoucauld, François, duke of,
350La Rochelle, 227, 408Las Casas, Bartolomé de, O.P. (bishop
of Chiapas), 6f., 7n. 12, 242, 303,317–23, 328, 333, 343, 372, 376f., 383,425, 470, 483, 485f., 487, 490, 491,527n. 35, 542
Las Casas, Ignacio de, S.J., 205n. 156Lassota von Steblau, Erich, 14, 79n. 32,
101n. 103, 107n. 119, 144, 145La Torre, Francisco de, 273n. 9Laud, William (archbishop of Canter-
bury), 452, 477
570 Index
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Laynez, Joseph, O.S.A., 202f.Lazarillo de Tormes, 6f., 7n. 12, 313,
348, 349, 450, 469, 534Lead books, 63, 147, 210, 211n. 173Learning and literature, 116–18; lack of,
537f., 539, 542Le Bon François, 340Ledesma, María de, 423Lee, Hugh, 38Leghorn, 166, 192n. 100, 194, 239, 517Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 538Leicester, Robert Dudley, earl of, 38,
315, 449n. 18Leiden, 63, 211, 325Leigh, Edward, 75, 76n. 16Leigh, Richard, 385Leighton, Alexander, 325n. 50, 363n. 45,
466n. 85Leinster, 439Leipzig, 73, 252. See also Cuelbis, DiegoLe Nôtre, André, 98León, 12, 107; fray Luis de, 65, 276Leonardo da (de) Vinci, 35, 258Lepanto, battle of, 22, 183n. 70, 254, 298Lérida, 40, 108, 109n. 127, 260Lerma, Francisco, duke of (cardinal),
21, 112, 131, 209, 258, 281, 457n. 55L’Estoile, Pierre de, 237n. 280Leti, Gregorio, 523L’Europe galante, 350Le Vayer, François de la Mothe, 212n. 176Levet (Levett), Peter, 123n. 177, 276n. 18Lewis, J. F., 270Lewkenor, Samuel, 443f., 472Lewkenor, Sir Lewis, 443Lexington, Lord Robert Sutton, 518Lhermite, Jehan, of Antwerp, 66, 90,
91n. 71, 96n. 88, 98n. 94, 105n. 111,112n. 142, 144n. 69, 147n. 78, 204n.149, 217, 225
Liche‹eld, Nicholas, 449Liège, 63Lima, 179, 490, 491, 494Limburg, Georgius Fridericus, baron of,
504Limerick, 442n. 185Lionello (Venetian ambassador), 281Lipsius, Justus, 63n. 200
Lisbon, 37n. 114, 37f., 44, 64, 104, 105,167, 179f., 187, 194n. 105, 197, 225n.227, 234n. 266, 235, 250, 262, 281, 361,381, 489, 510, 530; Irish College, 437,440n. 174, 440
Lithgow, William, 52, 110, 470f.Little Gidding, 57Llorente, Juan Antonio, 216n. 192Locke, John, 4n. 4, 273Loja, 75Lombard, Peter (archbishop of
Armagh), 421Lombardy, 72London, 18, 44, 184, 193n. 104, 198,
313n. 17, 352, 370, 404, 409, 410, 416,457n. 55, 472, 517; Inns of Court, 450
Longlée, sieur de (French ambassador),19f.
Lope de Vega, 8, 15, 119, 141, 286, 348,380n. 97, 452, 468n. 93
Lopes Suasso, Antonio (Isaac) (barond’Avernas de Gras), 180
Lopes Suasso, Francisco (Abraham)(second baron), 180
López de Gómara, Francisco (Fer-nando), 313, 333, 357, 372, 484n. 11
López Pereira, Manuel, 180Loretto, 13Lorkin, Thomas, 279–81Lorraine, 329Loudun, nuns of, 146Lough Derg, 441Louis XI of France, 12Louis XIII of France, 306, 344, 345, 455Louis XIV of France, 60, 71, 116, 151,
152, 181, 233f., 256, 346f., 349, 516f.Louvain: Scottish College, 423n. 106;
University of Louvain, 64n. 201, 65,228, 440
Louville, Charles Auguste d’Allonville,marquis de, 49, 94
Low Countries, 4, 56, 64f., 73, 83, 104,175, 188, 215, 235, 252, 254, 280, 295,309–27, 332, 335, 336, 337, 338, 344,351, 355, 366, 367, 380, 383, 387, 391,394f., 398, 405, 412, 423, 427, 443,466f., 468, 469, 504, 505, 507, 508, 509,521f., 525, 529; exiles from, 18, 449
index 571
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Lucca, representatives of, 83, 96, 213n.183, 225n. 223, 298, 307n.47
Lucero, Hernando, S.J., 417f.Lull, Ramon, 499, 538Lust’s Dominion; or the Lasivious
Queen, 390n. 129Luther, Martin, 224n. 219, 237, 238, 458Lutherans, 26, 42, 90, 221f., 226, 230,
232, 233, 323, 360, 371, 385, 393, 435,442, 456, 493; Lutheranism, 224
Lyon, 227, 344
Maastrict, 325Mabbe, James, 28, 112f., 451f., 458MacCarthys, 435MacDonnell, Reynaldo, 442MacGeoghegan, Ross, O.P. (bishop of
Kildare), 440Machado, Roger, 53n. 172Machiavelli, 8, 128, 191, 303, 313, 477,
523Madagascar, 234n. 268Madrid, 6, 17, 25, 29, 38, 44–47, 49–51,
55–57, 60f., 64, 67, 74, 79, 85, 86, 87,92–95, 98, 100, 112, 113, 115, 116,119n. 158, 119, 120, 121, 129, 133, 135,137, 141, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151f., 154,171, 178, 180, 187, 196, 197, 201, 209,227, 228, 229, 230, 233, 238, 250, 253,255, 256, 257, 258, 259f., 262, 269, 270,275, 277, 281, 282n. 29, 283, 287, 288,297, 298, 299, 330, 345, 347, 364, 368,405, 415, 416, 420, 434, 435, 436, 438,456n. 50, 457n. 55, 462, 463, 474f.,510, 511, 513, 514, 515, 519, 521, 522,530, 535, 538f., 542n. 59, 543; BuenRetiro, 95, 115, 119, 153n. 101, 255f.,503, 509; food in, 41, 42n. 135, 151;Nuestra Señora de Atocha, 13, 131f.,152; Royal Palace in, 75, 255f., 257;San Placido, 146; Scots College, 31,424
Madrigalejo, 329Magalotti, Count Lorenzo, 59, 111n.
139, 117Magellan’s Strait, 373Magg Ogg (McOge), 433Magic, 140
Maintenon, Madame de, 60Mair (Major), John, 328Majorca, 81, 103f., 188, 194, 197, 230,
232, 336, 518; bishop of, 414; cathe-dral at, 104
Málaga, 33, 52, 75, 102, 148, 176n. 45,181, 196, 251, 268, 330, 370, 470, 541n.58; English merchants in, 39
Malines, 64Malta, 329, 331Malvezzi, Marchese Virgilio, 505Man, Dr. John (dean of Gloucester;
English ambassador), 18f., 23, 34,276n. 17, 522
Man, Stephen, 475n. 121Manco II (Inca), 488Mandeville, Sir John, 370Manesson Mallet, Allain, 268f.,
540n. 55Manresa, 88Manrique, Rodrigo, 240Mansell, Robert (naval commander),
107Manuel (king of Portugal), 105Maps, 249–51, 253Maqueda, duke of, 58, 120Maranchon, 265Marbeck, Dr. Roger, 101n. 105Marbella, 268Marco Polo, 372Marcus Aurelius, 273, 446Margaret (duchess of Parma), 309Margaret (queen of Navarre), 328Margaret of Valois (‹rst wife of Henry
IV of France), 328María (empress of Austria), 189María, Infanta (daughter of Philip III),
146, 257, 434, 436, 446, 455, 461f., 463,464, 473f.
Mariana, Juan de, S.J., 117, 141, 203,276, 286, 306, 339f., 504, 537, 538n.41, 542n. 59
María Teresa, Infanta (wife of LouisXIV), 116, 256, 349, 516
Marie de Médici (queen of France), 341,344n. 74
Marie Louise (queen; ‹rst wife ofCharles II of Spain), 276n. 18
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Marineo Sículo, Lucio, 17, 106, 144,252, 295n. 2, 504
Marnix de Sainte-Aldegonde, Philippede, 84n. 51, 313–15, 323, 324, 336, 376,383, 448
Marrano, as term, 236–40Marranos, 224, 225, 316, 342. See also
Conversos, from Judaism; “NewChristians”
Marseilles, 45Marsolier, J., 350n. 103Martin, Bernardin, 122n. 169, 123n. 174,
139n. 46, 142n. 61, 155n. 109Martin, Thomas, 58n. 187Martire d’Anghiera, Pietro, 17, 24, 103,
295f., 333, 357, 374, 425, 482Mary, queen of Scots, 364, 367Mary I of England, 132, 159, 332, 342,
351–59, 360–63, 370, 386, 391, 417,425, 447
Mason, John (English ambassador),17f., 107
Mathew (Mathews), Sir Tobie, 211n.174, 280, 287f., 289, 291, 458, 473
Matthieu, Pierre, 522, 523n. 14Mauregatos, 81Maurice (Morrice), 72, 211Mauroy, Henri, O.M., 200f.Max‹eld, Thomas, 457Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor),
128n. 13, 481May, Louis de, 71May, Thomas, 532n. 18Mayerne Turquet, Louis de, 135n. 36,
165, 377n. 88, 458n. 57, 522, 534Mazarin (cardinal), 106, 115, 343Mazarin, duchesse de, 35Medicine, 208n. 165Medinaceli, dukes of, 181Medina de las Torres, duke of, 154,
514Medina del Campo, 227, 329Medina Sidonia, Juan Alonso Pérez de
Guzmán, duke of, 382, 411f.Melancthon, 8Memorabilia mundi (1670), 482n. 6, 540Mena, Juan de, 191Menasseh ben Israel, Rabbi (Manoel
Dias Soeiro), 176f., 178n. 52, 183,184n. 72, 191n. 94, 192f., 234n. 266
Mendes da Silva, Rodrigo (Jacob),188n. 83, 198n. 123
Mendieta, Gerónimo de, O.M., 164f.Mendoza, Bernardino de (Spanish
ambassador), 36, 334, 385Mendoza, Sebastián de (bishop), 493Mercedarians, 494Merchants: in Burgos, 109; in Cádiz, 39;
Dutch, 227; English, 23f., 36f., 55,132, 227, 361, 364, 370f., 379; foreign,16; German, 140; in Málaga, 39; inPortugal, 229; in Seville, 39, 100, 140;Spanish, 225
Meredith, Edward, 154n. 103Mérida, 107, 108n. 125Mérimée, Prosper, 3, 56, 61Mérode-Westerloo, count of, 44, 49, 66,
80, 116, 122Merula, Paulus G. F. P. N., 75n. 15Messianism, 10, 162f.Methuen, Paul, 518n. 63, 519Mexico, 193n. 104, 285, 334, 371, 376,
378, 425, 478, 482–85, 487, 489n. 41;ex-viceroy of, 148
Mezquita of Córdoba. See CórdobaMiddleton, Thomas, 468f.Midnight Mass, at Christmas, 152f.Milan, 21, 64, 93, 236n. 276, 275, 281,
285, 296, 298n. 9, 300, 301f., 304, 307,309, 330, 335, 344, 354, 355, 368, 425,507, 509, 512; the Milanese, 52n. 168,302, 336
Military Orders, 231, 494; of St. Patrick,441
Milton, John, 54, 444Minorca, 103, 106, 518Minsheu, John, 450Miracles, 77n. 24, 140, 146f., 490Mirandola, Pico della, 164n. 16Mocatta, Abraham, 193Mocenigo, Alvise (Venetian ambas-
sador), 225Modena, 79, 86, 301; duke of, 115Moldavia, 93Molière, 348Molina, Cristóbal de, 486n. 24
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Molina, Tirso de, 348Molinos, Miguel de, 350Monanni, Bernardo (Tuscan representa-
tive), 115Monardes, Nicolás, 371n. 65Monconys, Baltasar de, 109, 110, 116,
121, 122Monks, 116; Benedictine, from Arras,
36, 42, 46, 64, 90, 120, 138, 143; fromMount Sinai, 117
Montaigne, 78, 333f., 458Montalto, Dr. Eliau da Luna (Felipe
Rodríguez), 177, 180Montano, Arias, 63Montemayor, Jorge de, 349, 448, 450Montesquieu, 347Montigny, baron de, 527n. 33Montilla, 189Montserrat, monastery at, 11f., 14, 45,
77n. 24, 87, 89, 90, 107, 109n. 127,115, 144, 145, 146, 253, 262, 452
Monzón, 85Moors, 31, 129, 130, 387, 402, 491n. 52,
493, 543; corsairs, 46More, Sir Thomas, 160, 447More, Thomas (grandson of Sir
Thomas More), 406Moretus, Baltasar, 94, 230Morgan, Michael, 442Morgues, Mathieu de, 344n. 74Morigi, Paulo, 112n. 141Moriscos, 9, 47, 50, 79, 83, 91, 100, 103,
122, 130, 137, 147, 148, 160, 204–11,216, 219–21, 222, 223, 224, 225, 238,242, 243, 249, 252, 268, 276, 279, 286,287, 302, 314, 339, 342, 393, 401, 402,403, 404, 539; expulsion of, 162, 171,211–14, 434n. 156, 536, 541
Morison, Fynes, 7, 54Morocco, 208, 210f., 366Mortera, Rabbi Saul Levi, 176, 192n.
100Mortimer, John, 15“Morton,” William Douglas (earl of
Angus), 422n. 98Moryson (Morison), Fynes, 54,
534Moscoso, Felipe de, 197
Motley, John Lothrop, 236, 526, 543n.66
Motteville, Madame de, 60, 148n. 82Mudejars, 99, 204, 209, 219; decoration
of, 92n. 75; palaces of, 111Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Wahha, 67Munster (town), 421, 425, 430, 435,
439Münster, Sebastian, 53n. 170, 249f., 251,
253, 313, 357Murcia, 166, 215, 224, 287Muret, Jean, 49, 51n. 165, 60n. 193,
109n. 129, 129, 138, 148, 150, 152, 153Murillo, 56Murviedro. See SaguntoMuslims, 339, 529; as authors, 67; as
exiles, 68; forced conversions of, 160,161f.
Nanni, Giovanni (Joannes Annius ofViterbo), 164n. 16, 295n. 2
Naples, 64, 72n. 8, 88, 166, 256, 274,275, 278, 281n. 26, 282, 285, 296, 297,299n. 13, 300, 301, 305, 306, 307, 309,330, 335, 336, 344, 354, 355, 368, 399,404n. 33, 425, 441, 468, 507, 511f.;Neapolitans, 99, 101, 113, 298, 387
Nash, Thomas, 389Nasi, Joseph, 166, 171, 192Nassau, countess of, 243Nationalism, 16, 126Navagero, Andrea (Venetian ambas-
sador), 91n. 71, 92n. 79, 92, 100, 101,103, 108, 109n. 127, 109, 111, 134n. 33,134, 223, 296, 533n. 24
Naval architecture, 63Navarre, 50, 87, 172, 220, 231, 296n. 3;
expulsion of Jews from, 160, 162; theNavarrese, 243, 336, 339, 511
Navarrete, Domingo, O.P., 22n. 64,234n. 268
Navarrete, Juan Fernández, 112Navarrete (town), 139n. 47Navy, Spanish, 58Negro, Zuan, 48n. 157, 49n. 159, 219f.Negros, 100, 209, 220, 243Nero (Roman emperor), 323A new Ballet (1588), 385f.
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“New Christians,” 179, 181, 220, 231,234, 336, 510
Newes from Spain, 131n. 25Newton, Adam, 280New World, 18, 36, 56, 59, 104, 123, 148,
168, 173, 177, 178, 207, 241f., 253, 269,295, 297, 301–3, 304, 306, 314, 316–19,321, 323, 324, 326f., 328, 330, 333f.,335, 338, 357, 371, 376, 383, 400f., 419,425, 441, 447, 453n. 32, 469, 478,482–500, 503, 504, 505, 513, 540
Nicholas, Thomas, 372Nicolas, Daniel, 33f.Nicolay, Nicolas de, 172Nijmegen, Peace of. See Peace of
NijmegenNobles: Flemish, 79; German-Polish, 14,
79, 107, 144; Spanish, 62Nonius, Ludovicus, 109n. 127, 116Nördlingen, battle of, 509Norfolk, 391North Africa, 163n. 13, 166, 169, 192n. 100,
194, 209, 210, 219, 253, 268, 276, 297,402
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, earlof, 368n. 58
Noue, François de la, 72n. 6, 331Novgorod, 481Nun, Thomas, 388f.Nunes da Costa, Duarte (Jacob Curiel),
179f.Núñez, Isaac (Manuel de Belmonte),
189Núñez, Mihael, 193Núñez de Reinoso, Alonso, 166f.Nuns, 56, 59, 104, 146, 148n. 84, 148,
149n. 86, 156, 447n. 7, 493; Cistercian,220. See also Carmelites, Discalced;Colmenares, Madre Luisa; Teresa ofAvila, St.
Nuremberg, 52, 242, 246
Oates, Titus, 275Oaths: religious, 141f.; Spanish, 43, 250Obregón, Marcos de, 276O’Donnell, Hugh (earl of Tyrconnell),
426f., 429f., 431, 438O’Duffy, Patrick, O.M., 514
Ojén, 268Old Castile. See CastileOliva (Cistercian monastery), 220Olivares (count; Spanish ambassador),
301n. 24Olivares, count-duke of, 10n. 19, 31,
83n. 50, 85, 119, 121, 122, 126, 128,129n. 14, 180, 196, 197, 198, 201–3,214, 254, 258, 300, 306, 307, 345, 424,435n. 161, 457n. 55, 458f., 462–65,468n. 93, 474, 505f., 508–13
Oliver y Fullana, Nicolás de (DanielJuda), 188
O’Neill, Hugh (earl of Tyrone), 427,428, 429, 430f., 432
O’Neill, John (titular earl of Tyrone),432
O’Neill, Shane, 426n. 114Oporto, 184n. 72, 194Oran, 197, 198O Rathaille, Aogán, 435Orihuela, bishop of, 208Orléans, 13, 73, 74n. 12, 93Orléans, duchesse d’ (Princess Palatine),
233Orléans, Marie-Louise d’ (queen of
Charles II), 116Orobio de Castro, Isaac, 177n. 48, 178,
179n. 53, 182f., 185, 186, 187, 189,193, 199f., 220, 223n. 216, 234n. 266
Ortelius, Abraham, 251Ortigue, Annibal de l’, 127n. 10Osborne, Francis, 73n. 11, 74Osorio, David, 194Ossat, cardinal d’, 369O’Sullevan Beare, Philip, 431n. 138O’Sullivan Beare (Master of Beere),
434Osuna, dukes of, 113, 114 illus., 275,
297n. 6, 524Ottoman Empire, 113, 169, 170–72,
176, 191n. 94, 192n. 100, 287, 506,542n. 61
Otway, Thomas, 525f.Oviedo, 13, 144Owen, John, 273n. 9Owen, Lewis, 13f., 154n. 103, 412f., 451,
470, 471f.
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Oxford, 75, 473; Christ Church, 273;Jesus College, 283; Magdalen College,451; Oxford University, 370, 447, 450;Queen’s College, 12n. 28
Ozecha, 261
Pacichelli, G. B., 144n. 69Paci‹c Ocean, 372, 373Padua, 13, 156, 164Palacios, 251Palamos, 46Palatinate, 343, 460, 462, 463, 464f., 469Palestine, 162. See also Hebron; SafedPalmer, Thomas, 73n. 11Pamplona, food in, 42n. 135Pantin, Pierre, 65, 66n. 206Papacy, 19, 121, 161, 238, 297, 363, 366,
384, 391, 399, 421, 431, 432, 447n. 7,454, 472, 477, 491, 523, 532
Papal Legate, 40. See also CaetaniPapal nuncios, 19n. 57, 19, 22, 46, 86,
105n. 111, 218n. 200, 520, 521n. 7Papal States, 169, 302Paraguay, 334n. 30Paris, 6, 31, 57, 89, 118, 211, 306, 337,
338, 339, 341, 451, 528; Louvre, 256,330; university of, 296n. 4, 328, 340
Parma, Alexander Farnese, duke of,300, 323, 337, 368n. 57, 382, 398, 422,423n. 105, 428, 443
Parma, prince of, 117n. 152Parsons. See Persons, RobertPascal, 60, 538Pasquino, 236Pastrana and Infantado, duke of, 115Paul IV (pope), 22n. 64, 301Paul V (pope), 209Paz Salas, Pedro de, 381Peace of 1604, 23, 226, 418, 431, 433Peace of 1630, 435, 476Peace of Nijmegen, 61Peace of the Pyrenees, 5n. 7, 60, 345,
513, 516Peacham, Henry, 43n. 138, 73, 117n. 152Peake (Pike), Richard, 469Peasants, 80, 91, 94, 106, 246, 515, 535Pedro I (king of Spain), 315, 326Peiresc, Nicolas Claude Fabri de, 109
Peña, Francisco, 217Peñalosa y Mondragón, Benito de,
O.S.B., 178Penitents, 246. See also FlagellantsPepys, Samuel, 55n. 177, 58, 71n. 5, 88n.
61, 123, 151f., 229, 273f., 531n. 15Percyvall, Richard, 449f.Perellós, Ramon de, 441Pereyra, Abraham Israel (Tomás
Rodrigues), 176, 183, 184, 185n. 74,186, 189n. 87, 191f., 193
Pérez, Antonio, 8, 235n. 271, 255, 256n.37, 300, 325, 326n. 53, 389, 522, 523f.
Pérez, S.J. (provincial of Andalusia), 418Pérez de Chinchón, Bernardo, 205Pérez de Herrera, Cristóbal, 149, 214Pérez de Hita, Ginés, 349Pérez de Maltranilla, Captain Miguel,
188Pernambuco (Brazil), 176Perpignan, 79, 80, 89Perret, Pierre, engravings by, 96n. 88Persia, 192Persons, Robert, S.J., 37, 226, 368f., 390,
391, 392, 393, 396–401, 397 illus.,404–11, 414f., 418, 420, 421, 422f.,427f., 429, 431, 437, 438
Peru, 157, 178, 180, 199n. 126, 285, 318,334, 372, 467, 482, 483, 485–500
Petrarch, 13Philip I of Spain, 205n. 154Philip II of Spain, 7, 9, 17–22, 36f., 46,
64, 66, 83, 85, 87n. 59, 88, 92, 95, 96,97, 98, 104f., 126n. 5, 131, 143, 158,159n. 115, 171, 173, 174, 201, 203, 204,206n. 160, 208, 217, 221n. 211, 224,230, 233, 236, 237, 252f., 254f., 257,268, 297, 298n. 9, 299, 300, 301, 304,309–11, 312, 314–16, 324, 326, 327,328f., 331, 332, 334, 335n. 33, 336–39,342, 343, 351–58, 360, 362, 363, 364,365f., 367–69, 371n. 63, 372, 373,375–80, 382, 384, 386, 387, 389, 390,391, 396, 398–400, 404, 406–10, 411,412, 414, 419, 420, 421–24, 426–29,437, 441, 443f., 449, 460, 467, 483, 485,486, 491n. 48, 505, 506, 509, 520–27,539, 542n. 61
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Philip III of Spain, 9, 21, 25, 63n. 200, 66,98, 113, 118, 126, 131, 132n. 27, 135,158, 167, 201, 207f., 209, 212n. 176, 214,217, 300n. 18, 305, 324, 346, 400–403,413f., 417, 418, 422f., 429, 431, 432,433f., 438f., 441, 444, 455, 460f., 491,492, 493, 499, 506, 508, 535, 536
Philip IV of Spain, 6n. 1, 10, 26, 31, 34,63, 84, 85, 89, 112, 115, 119, 149, 151,154, 175, 178n. 52, 190, 201, 202, 214,227n. 235, 254, 256–60, 272, 298, 300,344n. 76, 346n. 84, 424, 432, 435n.160, 436, 440n. 178, 446, 461, 462–64,468n. 93, 473, 475f., 505f., 508–10,513f., 516n. 51, 536
Philip V of Spain, 216, 517f., 523Philippe (duc of Orléans), 345Philippines, 371Phillips, Francis, 466Phillips (Phillipps), Miles, 371, 376Phillips, Sir Robert, 460n. 65Pilgrimage, 11–15, 147Pineda, Juan de (Franciscan), 159n. 116Pinedo, Tomás de, 212Pinto Delgado, João (Moseh), 187, 188Pirates, 46n. 149Pisa, 410Pius V (pope), 22, 236, 365Pizarro, Francisco, 482, 486, 489, 491Placcart des Estats généraux, 316Plantin, 63Platter, Thomas, 43, 76, 80, 81n. 40, 84, 89,
90, 91n. 69, 141n. 56, 232, 533n. 24, 535Plautus, 7n. 12Pliny the Elder, 242, 250Plymouth, 391, 392Poblet (Cistercian monastery), 91, 109,
143n. 66, 143Pole, Reginald (cardinal), 351n. 1, 353Poles, 53, 326, 480; nobles, 51, 55. See
also TravellersPolo de Ondegardo, Juan, 488Ponce de La Fuente, Constantino, 486Pont, Robert, 395Popplau, Nicolaus von, 128, 144, 218Porter family, 28Port Mahon, 103, 106Port-Royal, 349n. 99
Portugal, 10, 31, 40, 56, 74, 75n. 15, 85,86, 87n. 59, 91, 107, 123n. 177, 163,164n. 14, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172,174, 176, 177, 180–82, 184, 194, 195,196, 197, 198, 199, 203, 208, 223, 227n.235, 229, 234n. 267, 237, 239, 250,269f., 287, 288, 296n. 3, 300n. 18, 317,364, 373, 374, 375, 380, 387, 391f.,400f., 422, 507, 511f., 513; forced con-versions in, 160, 161f.; language of,166, 196; the Portuguese, 84, 86, 336,339, 345, 378; restored monarchy in,175f., 179, 202f., 506, 510
Posidonius, 538Potosí, 180, 491Poyntz, Anthony, 38Pozo, marqués del, 523n. 14, 525Prado, Juan de, 183, 185, 186, 188Prague, 448Preachers, 151, 158Prescott, William, 523, 526f.Prévost (abbé), 123n. 177Pride, Spanish, 48, 58, 251, 345, 504,
530, 532, 540, 541n. 58Pritchett, V. S., 56Priuli, Francesco (Venetian ambas-
sador), 506n. 11Processions, 157; in Segovia, 156. See
also Barcelona, procession in; CorpusChristi, procession on; SpanishCatholicism, and processions
Profet Duran, Rabbi Isaac ben Moshe,194
Protestants, 51f., 148, 206, 216, 223, 227,235, 238, 241, 250n. 22, 283, 287, 291,342, 344, 378f., 381, 396n. 1, 504, 537;burial of, 25, 39, 52n. 167; English,237, 280, 351–55, 358–65, 368, 374n.77, 375, 378, 379, 384, 386, 395, 448,453, 472, 520, 522, 539, 542; French,333, 335, 339, 340, 524 (see alsoHuguenots); German, 51, 136, 145,530; Italian, 16, 523; Russian, 482;Spanish, 16, 370, 416n. 73, 447; Swiss,228. See also Books, trade in; Brunel,Antoine de; Cuelbis, Diego;Embassies, English; Platter, Thomas;Welsch, Hieronymus
index 577
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Prynne, William, 307, 477Ptolemy, 250Puckering, Sir Thomas, 280, 281n. 26Puffendorf, Samuel von, 215n. 189, 530,
532, 536Purchas, Samuel, 377n. 87, 377n. 88,
378, 379, 469f.Purity of Blood, 189, 192, 213, 214, 215,
299, 420, 441, 493. See also Statutes ofPurity of Blood
Pyrenees, 44, 47, 80, 87, 106
Quemerford, Dr. Nicholas, 426Quevedo, 58, 182, 191, 198, 223, 326n.
55, 348Quinones, Suero de, 258Quirini, Vincenzo (Venetian ambas-
sador), 223n. 218Quiroga, Gaspar (cardinal archbishop
of Toledo), 65, 136
Rabelais, 98, 237Racine, 348Ragona, Alfonso, of Vicenza, 43n. 138,
84n. 52, 91, 99, 100, 111n. 139, 156,300n. 21, 533n. 24
Ralegh (Raleigh), Sir Walter, 37, 326f.,374–76, 389n. 126, 430, 453, 459
Ramires, Lopo (David Curiel), 175
Ramusio, Gian Battista, 370Ranke, Leopold von, 527Raphael, 112, 255, 257, 260n. 51Rapin, René, S.J., 537Rastell, John, 447Ravaillac, François, 340Ray, John, 540n. 56, 541Reformation, 7, 16, 173, 246. See also
Counter-Reformation“Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus,”
233n. 264, 313Reims, 384, 437; English College at, 405.
See also DouaiReina, Casiodoro de, 233n. 264, 313n.
17Relaciones geográ‹cas, 482, 485Religious Orders, 147–52. See also
Friars
Renard, Simon (Spanish ambassador),351, 352n. 6, 353
Renegades, 210Retz, Cardinal de, 6, 40n. 127, 50, 51n.
163, 92, 103f., 106, 349, 533Reubeni, David, 161Reuchlin, Johann, 164n. 16Rhine, 40Rhône, 52n. 169Ribadeneira, Pedro de, S.J., 407f.Ribera, Juan de (archbishop of Valencia
and patriarch), 206f., 209, 212, 222f.Ribera, Jusepe de, 114 illus., 256Richelieu (cardinal), 50, 86, 187, 196,
213, 306, 339n. 56, 341, 343, 345, 510Righetto, Abraham (Enrique Núnez),
167Roberts, David, 270Roberts, Lewis, 171Rocamora, Dr. Isaac de, O.P. (fray
Vicente), 189Rocroi, battle of, 509Rodelgas, Juan, 210Rodríguez, Abraham Raphael (Miguel
Rodríguez Vitoria), 194Rodríguez, Dr. Pedro, 177, 180Roe, Sir Thomas, 297n. 6Roland: horn of, 14; sword of, 11, 330Roman emperors, 357Rome, 13f., 45, 52, 72, 104, 249, 275,
278, 282, 296n. 4, 306, 417, 428, 431,451n. 54, 494; English College, 393f.,405, 412f., 414, 437; Sack of, 311, 313,447, 528
Roncesvalles, 44; priory of, 11, 14Ronda, 251Ronsard, 329, 333n. 27Roos, Lady, 281, 282n. 29Roos, Lord William Cecil, 43n. 138, 52,
57, 102, 117n. 152, 276–82, 289, 291,458
Rosary, 155, 271, 355Ross, bishop of, 426Rosso, 259Rotterdam, 323Rouen, 187Roussillon, 85, 243, 512Rowland, David, 7n. 12
578 Index
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Royal Guard. See Archers of the RoyalGuard
Rozmital, Leo von, 78Rubens, 63, 73n. 11, 112, 258, 475, 505Rudyard (Ruddierd), Sir Benjamin, 75,
76n. 16Russia, 480–82Rycaut, Paul, 78
Saavedra Fajardo, 182, 191Sabellicus, Marcus Antonius, 160n. 1Sablé, Madame de, 349n. 99Sacromonte, 147Safed, 170, 179, 184, 192n. 100Sagard, Gabriel, 148n. 81Sagredo, Nicolò (Venetian ambas-
sador), 511Sagunto (Murviedro), 107f., 253Sahagún, Bernardino de, O.M., 484Sainte-Beuve, 154Saintes Maries de la Mer, 12Saint-Évremond, 347, 525St. Jean-de-Luz, 106St. Leocadia, 131St. Omer, 369, 405, 408, 413f., 451Saint-Réal, César Vichard, abbé de,
523–26Saints, Spanish, 133, 153Saint-Simon, duc de, 11n. 24, 42n. 135,
51n. 163, 97n. 91, 98n. 94, 109, 152,228n. 243, 517n. 59, 518n. 61, 523
St. Vaast (Arras). See Caverel, Philippede, O.S.B.
Salamanca, 8, 64f., 72, 77, 78n. 25, 140,205n. 154, 227; Irish College, 421,437–40, 451; university of, 65, 92,116f., 278, 328, 440
Salazar, Ambrosio, 77n. 20, 90n. 68, 103Salazar, Juan de, 183n. 70Salazar de Mendoza, 213Salces, 243Salinas y Córdoba, Buenaventura de,
O.M., 491n. 52, 499Salisbury, Lord Robert Cecil, 23, 28f.,
36, 38, 102, 132, 276, 277, 279, 287,378, 390, 416, 447, 450, 455, 456
Salonica, 166, 170, 171, 174, 184, 192n.100, 194, 209
Salucio, Augustín, O.P., 201, 202San Clemente de La Mancha, 100n. 100Sancroft, William (archbishop of Can-
terbury), 452Sanctae Inquisitionis hereticae artes
aliquot detectae, 233Sanders, Nicholas, 367Sandwich, Lord, 55n. 177, 273, 274Sandys, G., 363n. 45, 395n. 147Sandys, Sir Edwin, 76n. 16, 238f., 476Sanford, John, 7n. 12, 451San Isidro, 131, 133, 135, 152San Juan de Ulúa, 371San Lúcar de Barrameda, 55, 58, 370,
407, 408, 411, 412n. 56; chapel of St.George, 411
Sannazaro, 296n. 4San Pedro de Cardeña (monastery), 106San Sebastián, 25n. 77, 37, 44, 57, 74, 78,
243, 416Santacruz Pachacuti Yamqui, Juan de,
489Santander, 44, 87, 88n. 60, 133, 214, 441Santander, José de, 29Santiago, Order of, 88, 114, 439f., 441,
442, 532Santiago de Compostela, 11–15, 38, 77,
109, 110, 143f., 146, 226, 262, 343, 409;Irish College, 437, 439
Santillán, Hernando de, 488, 493Santillana, 57Saragossa, 11, 14, 45f., 54, 65, 83, 84, 86,
87, 91f., 148n. 84, 227, 246, 260, 277;Aljafería, 84; Nuestra Señora delPilar, 144
Sardana. See BarcelonaSardinia, 308n. 50Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro, 318,
483n. 10Sarpi, fra Paolo, 238, 297, 523, 524Satire Ménippée de la vertu du Catholi-
con d’Espagne, 237, 337–39, 340, 343,345, 458
Savonarola, Girolamo, 236Savoy, House of, 301, 308n. 50, 455,
459Scamps, Philip, 37Scandinavia, 344
index 579
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Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrichvon, 3, 526
Schott, André, S.J., 65, 108Schwyz, 14Scotland (Scots), 16, 37, 117, 125, 201,
227n. 235, 314, 373, 380, 392, 395, 408,409, 430, 436, 456, 457n. 54, 477;Catholics in, 421–24; exiles from,157f.
Scots Colleges. See Madrid, Scots Col-lege; Valladolid, Royal Scots College
Scott, Mr., 227n. 235Scott, Thomas, 41n. 133, 466f., 467n. 88Scotto, Marchese Orazio, 300n. 18Scrinia sacra (1654), 477Scudéry, Mademoiselle de, 349Second, Jean (Everaerts), 64, 89n. 64,
139Segorbe, diocese of, 207Segovia, 108f., 227; cathedral at, 111,
156Selden, John, 453Selim II (sultan), 171Semple, Colonel William, 423f., 435, 436Semple, Hugh, S.J., 436, 463n. 79Seneca, 191, 273Sephardic Diaspora, 165–69; to the
East, 169–72; to the West, 172–200Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 328, 377n. 86Sermons, 150, 155Servet (Servetus), Miguel, 250Sessa, duke of (Spanish ambassador),
301n. 24, 399n. 10Sévigné, Madame de, 60, 346f.Seville, 36–38, 45n. 147, 52, 55f., 58, 75,
99, 100f., 102, 118, 123, 141, 147, 150,151, 154n. 103, 180, 181, 187, 188,194n. 105, 196, 221, 227n. 235, 231,233, 238, 250, 251, 253, 262, 269n. 64,277f., 287, 361, 370, 371, 372, 374, 404,405, 455, 505, 541n. 58; alcázar, 123;archbishop of, 143, 157n. 113; cathe-dral of, 110; English College, 405,407, 408, 409, 415; English merchantsin, 39; German visitors to, 49, 140;Irish College, 437; olives from, 35
Sforza, Ascanio (cardinal), 295Shakespeare, 389
Sheep-raising, 278Sherley, Sir Anthony, 25f.Sherry, 43, 279Shirley, Robert, 287Shrines, 143–45, 270Sicily, 117, 274, 285, 298n. 9, 299, 307,
344, 368, 399, 425, 507, 512Sidney, Robert (earl of Leicester), 448Sidney, Sir Henry, 425f.Sidney, Sir Philip, 51f., 73, 74, 373f.,
447–49Sierra Morena, 46Siliceo, Juan Martínez (archbishop of
Toledo), 200, 203Simancas, Bishop Jacobus, 200n. 134Simon, Richard, 238Siri, Vittorio, 532n. 16Sitges, 42Sixtus V (pope), 126n. 5, 301, 368n. 57Skaters, Dutch and English, 95Skipewithe, Sir William, 355n. 17Slater, Stephen, 358n. 27Slaves, 64n. 203, 100, 209, 243, 246, 371,
522; Muslim, 67, 181Sloane, Sir Hans, 542n. 59Smith, Richard, S.J., 414n. 65Smyrna, 193Soames, William (naval commander),
102n. 106Sobieski, Jacobus, 55n. 177, 99, 144, 145Society of Jesus, 8, 64n. 201, 65, 121,
134, 153, 157, 198n. 123, 234n. 268,323f., 326n. 55, 334n. 30, 339, 358,368, 392–94, 396n. 4, 404–20, 424, 440,443, 444, 448, 457, 463n. 79, 469, 470,471, 472f., 476, 488n. 34, 493, 494, 504
Sommaia, Girolamo da, 8, 205n. 154Soranzo, Francesco (Venetian ambas-
sador), 78, 79n. 31, 130, 225, 506Soto, Pedro de, 360n. 32Soto de Roma, 266Sotomayor, Antonio de, O.P., 202Spain: and Catholicism (see Spanish
Catholicism); character of, 528–44;decline of, 306, 503–19; depopulationof, 54, 212, 213, 215, 304, 306n. 42,388, 508f., 536, 541; doctors in, 118;language of (see Castile, language of)
580 Index
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Spanish Armadas, 22, 326, 331, 340, 362,367f., 378, 379–88, 391f., 393, 395,398f., 401, 408, 423, 426f., 435, 447n.8, 449, 470, 478
Spanish Catholicism, 79, 125–59, 504;and processions, 134f.
Spanish Marriage, 28, 29n. 84, 35, 446,454–57, 459–65, 467, 471, 472–74,475–78
Speculum consiliorum hispanicorumcontra evangelicos, 341n. 63
Speed, John, 42n. 135, 250f., 362Spenser, Edmund, 395n. 147, 434n. 156,
436f.Sperling, Dr. Otto, 117Spies, English, 37f.; of the Inquisition,
129f., 227; Turkish, 37Spinelly, Sir Thomas (Florentine), 79Spínola (cardinal), 48, 153Spínola, Ambrogio (Ambrosio), 300n.
18Spínola, Federigo, 383Spinoza, Benedict (Baruch) de, 178,
179n. 53, 182f., 185, 186, 188,197n. 118
Standon (Standen), Anthony, 428n. 124Stanhope, Alexander (English ambas-
sador), 34, 86n. 58, 94, 104n. 110,139n. 29, 151, 228n. 240, 276, 515f.,517
Stanhope, James (general; ‹rst earl), 81,98n. 94, 104n. 110, 230, 517
Stanihurst, Richard, 427f., 429Stanley, Sir William, 57, 280, 367, 398n.
7, 409n. 48, 410f., 423, 428Stapleton, Thomas, 398Statutes of Purity of Blood, 9, 173,
184f., 187, 200–203, 220, 231f. See alsoPurity of Blood
Stepney, William, 450Stevens, John, 212, 215n. 189, 452n. 27,
538n. 41, 542Stile, John (English ambassador), 17, 48Still, Henry, 15n. 41Strabo, 538Stuart, Jacobus, 422n. 99Stubbs, William, 527n. 32Stubenberg, Georg, baron von, 504
Suárez, Francisco, S.J., 8, 191, 537Suárez, Joseph, 193Suárez, Manuel Hamiz, 193Suárez, Raquel, 193Suffolk, Lady, 23n. 66Suffolk, Lord, 23n. 66Sugar-cane, 541Superstition, 250f., 479, 487, 529, 540A supplicacyon to the Quenes Majestie
(1555), 353f.Surinam, 194Sweden (Swedes), 117, 344, 345, 475, 509Swiss, 305
Tagus River, 251, 539Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, 61, 154Talavera, Hernando de (archbishop of
Granada), 121Talavera de la Reina, 120Tangier, 58Tarazona, 106Tarifa, 270Tarragona, 108, 253Tassoni, Alessandro, 45n. 147, 47, 92n.
80, 95, 122, 255, 301f., 533Taylor, Henry, 458Téa, duke of, 120Teresa of Avila, St., 43f., 50, 58, 82, 133,
350; journeys of, 43f.Testi, Fulvio (ambassador from Mod-
ena), 45, 79, 86, 118n. 156, 119, 301,509
Thamara, Francisco, 372Theatre, 76f., 118f., 256, 278, 289n. 48,
538Thomas, Hubert, 41f., 48n. 157, 89f.,
98n. 95, 226n. 230, 232n. 258, 504Thomas of Signy-l’Abbaye, O.S.B.,
145n. 73Thorius (Thorys), John, 449Thorne, Robert, 373n. 73Thurn, Jörg von, 481Tiberius (Roman emperor), 522Tiepolo, Paolo (Venetian ambassador),
530n. 10Timoleague, 435Tintoretto, 255n. 36, 258Tintoretto, Domenico, 281n. 28
index 581
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Titian, 20n. 62, 97, 112, 115, 254f., 256n.37, 257
Titon de Servantes, Hugo, 412n. 56Titon de Servantes, Juan, 412n. 56Titu Cusi Yupanqui, 488Titus (Roman emperor), 163n. 13, 190Tobosa, 78Toledo, 45n. 147, 65, 74, 88, 92, 98, 117,
131, 135, 149, 150n. 89, 163, 166, 173,184, 200, 203, 208n. 165, 219, 221,243f., 246, 250, 251, 253, 260, 262, 330;acting archbishop of, 22; alcázar, 539;archbishop of, 155n. 109; cathedralin, 98; church at, 134; San Juan de losReyes, 109. See also Carranza, Bar-tolomé de
Toledo, Bernardo de Rojas y Sandoval(cardinal archbishop of Toledo), 456
Toledo, Francisco de (viceroy of Peru),318, 491
Toll, Thomas, 279Tolmezzo, Francesco Janis da, 108n.
124, 119n. 157Tomson, Robert, 371Torquemada, Juan de, 489n. 41Tortosa, 108, 138Totnes (Devon), 383Toulouse, 12; university of, 181Tournai, 131Tours, 337Tower of London (“Spanish armoury”),
386Townsend, Joseph, 3, 6n. 9, 56Trade with England, embargo on, 37Travel: dangers of, 45–47; dif‹culties of,
44–51; increase in, 71f.Travel accounts: Genoese, 46n. 147;
German, 41; Italian, 46n. 149; French,54
Travellers, 10; from Basle, 43; crusaders,15; English, 55–58, 543; Flemish andWalloon, 63–67, 535; French, 50,59–62, 78, 84, 89, 145, 213, 234, 340,345, 513, 530, 533f.; German, 41, 140,232; German-Polish knights, 128; Ital-ian, 45, 58f., 103, 115, 123, 535, 539;from Lucca, 89n. 63; Milanese, 11n.23, 16, 88, 90, 99, 102, 108n. 124, 219;
Polish, 91, 103; Venetian, 48, 55, 119.See also Diplomats; Pilgrimage; Plat-ter, Thomas
Tresham, Sir Lewis, 121n. 164Treswell, Robert, 23n. 66Tribulzio (cardinal), 512Trissino, Girolamo, 139n. 46, 155n. 107Troterel, 347Truce, between Spain and the Dutch,
175, 318, 324, 506, 507Tuam, archbishop of, 427, 428Tucumán, bishop of, 179Tudela, 50Tunis, 64, 192n. 100, 211, 330; Tunisia,
210Tupa Amaru Inca, 483, 490, 491Turkey. See Ottoman Empire; TurksTurks, 21f., 26, 31, 67, 72n. 8, 78, 128,
167, 201, 206, 210, 211, 241, 254, 298,304, 305, 331, 332, 342, 357, 366, 367,444, 448n. 12, 456, 459, 491n. 52, 511,520
Turriano (Italian engineer), 539Tuscany, 72, 169, 193, 298; prince of (see
Cosimo III)Túy, bishop of, 223n. 214, 414
Ubaldini, Petruccio, 381n. 102, 389n.127
Uceda, Cristóbal de Sandoval y Rojas,duke of, 457n. 55
Ulster, 425, 426, 430, 434, 438f.Universities, Spanish, 542. See also
Alcalá de Henares; Salamanca, uni-versity of; Valladolid, university of
Unterwalden, 14Urban VIII (pope), 306Ursins, Madame la Princesse des, 62n.
199, 152n. 99, 155n. 107, 231n. 254,518n. 62
Usque, Samuel, 163n. 12, 166f., 168, 178,179n. 53, 195
Utrecht, Treaty of, 518Utrera, 67
Valdés, Alfonso de, 224, 386n. 121, 447Valencia, 10, 12, 37, 46, 49f., 66, 81, 85,
87, 88, 99f., 103, 104, 108, 111, 130,
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156, 166, 189, 196, 204f., 206f., 209,212, 218, 219, 278, 287, 300, 393, 403f.,518, 535, 539; brothels in, 123n. 172;cathedral at, 36; Colegio del Patri-arca, 139; courtesans of, 99f.; Valen-cians, 82, 511
Valera, Blas, S.J., 490n. 44Valera, Cipriano de, 447n. 7Valladolid, 18, 51, 52n. 169, 55, 73, 74n.
12, 74, 88, 92, 98f., 107, 111, 112, 120,135, 139, 146, 152, 157, 201, 203, 222,230, 233, 243, 250, 253, 360, 433; Eng-lish College, 23, 405–15, 416, 417, 420,422; Jesuit College, 420; Royal ScotsCollege, 423f.; San Benito monastery,413n. 62; university of, 405
Valldigna (Cistercian monastery), 220Valona, 194n. 105Valverde, Vicente, O.P., 489Vandenesse, Jean de, 108, 230Van den Wyngaerde, Anton, 252–54,
262, 268Van Dyck, Anthony, 258, 259Van Erpen, Thomas, 63n. 200, 211n. 173Van Heemskerck, Martin, 241f.Van Limborch, Philip, 184n. 72, 185,
199f., 234Van Meteren, Emanuel, 233Vasaeus, Joannes, 65, 504Vasari, Giorgio, 254Vaughan, William, 466f., 469Vayrac, abbé de, 61f.Velada, marqués de, 120, 403Velázquez, 5n. 7, 112, 116, 119, 254,
255f., 258, 259Venetians, 52, 55, 301, 305, 339n. 56. See
also DiplomatsVenice, 13, 52, 72, 117, 163, 166, 167,
169, 171, 174, 185n. 74, 186, 192, 193,194n. 105, 221n. 211, 277, 285, 291n.51, 298, 301–3, 305, 366, 448, 505, 524;government of, 20, 297n. 6
Venta Nueva, 267, 268Verardi, Carlo, 296n. 4Verdi, 526Vergara, Juan de, 92Versailles, 98, 349Verstegan, Richard, 233, 398n. 7
Veryard, Ellis, 111n. 136, 111, 235, 541Vespasian (Roman emperor), 190Viaje de Cosme, 77n. 24, 91n. 70. See
also Cosimo IIIVicenza, 84, 278. See also Ragona,
Alfonso, of VicenzaVieira, António, S.J., 187Vigo, 222Vilcabamba, 483, 488Villa Mediana, count of, 531n. 14Villars, Pierre de (marquis; French
ambassador), 20n. 62, 60; secretary to(Pseudo-Villars), 60, 122n. 169, 139n.46, 229n. 248, 289n. 49; Madame deVillars, 60, 94, 98, 122, 139, 229, 290n.50, 347n. 87
Villaviciosa, 50Virginia, 376n. 83, 435Visigoths, 190, 344, 543. See also
GothsVisitors. See TravellersVital, Laurent, 106n. 116, 111, 535Vitoria, 440n. 178Vitoria, Francisco de, O.P., 58n. 186,
202, 317, 328, 491, 537Vives, Luis, 240, 446f., 450Vizcaya, 83, 84n. 51, 442n. 185Voiture, Vincent de, 345, 348f., 538n. 46Voltaire, 5n. 6, 235f., 339n. 56, 347Voyages historiques, 215n. 189. See also
Jordan, Claude
Wadding, Richard, 441Wadsworth, James, 73, 145, 146, 470,
472f., 477f., 529Wadsworth, Joseph (Seth), 23, 145,
415n. 72Wales (the Welsh), 404, 429, 541Walloons. See Flanders, the FlemishWalpole, Richard, S.J., 404n. 33, 415n.
72, 416n. 73Walsingham, Sir Francis, 311, 363, 365n.
52, 372n. 70, 375Walton, Sir Isaak, 57Warford, William, 409n. 48Warhaffte Relation . . . der Kriegstrüs-
tung oder Armada (1588), 381n. 103A Warnyng for Englande (1555), 354
index 583
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War of Spanish Succession, 176, 269,295, 516–18, 542
Warwick, Sir Philip, 31n. 85Waterford, 439, 442Watson, Robert, 526Weiditz, Cristoph, 243–49, 254Weidner, J. L., 52n. 170, 232f., 325f.Weigel, Hans, 249n. 18Weldon, Anthony, 474n. 117, 477Welsch, Hieronymus, 51, 136West Indies, 274, 278, 287, 370f., 399,
405, 466, 478, 519. See also NewWorld
Wexford, 441Wey, William, of Eton, 13Weymouth, 41White, Thomas, S.J., 438f.White, William (Vitus), 439Whit‹eld, John, 411Wilkinson, John, 356William III of England, 180William of Orange, 104, 129, 299, 311f.,
315f., 323–25, 331, 336, 337, 375, 376,448, 522
Williams, Sir Roger, 310n. 7Williams, Thomas, 55f., 81, 88, 92,
157n. 113, 227n. 236, 272Willoughby, Robert, 227n. 235Wills (Willes), Richard, 358, 377n. 88Willughby, Francis, 42, 49, 76n. 16, 77,
101, 111n. 136, 117, 540n. 56, 541f.Wilson, Arthur, 96, 477Wilson, Edward, 41n. 132, 113n. 144,
508n. 18Windebank, Christopher, 39; possible
illustration of, 32Windebank, Thomas, 39Wine, 43, 55; Canary, 35, 43, 475, 476;
Navarrese, 55n. 177; Rivadavia, 476n.122; Spanish, 89, 540. See also Sherry
Winquelius, Roland, 147n. 78Witches, 140, 216, 235Wolsey, Cardinal, 12n. 28, 17, 22, 219Women, 122–24, 243, 245, 246, 250, 251,
252, 253, 268, 279, 287f., 289f., 529Wotton, Pickering, 415n. 72Wotton, Sir Henry, 235n. 271, 390f.Wright, Thomas, 392f.Würtemberg: court of, 51; duke of
(Johann Friedrich), 504; Magnus of,504
Wyatt, Sir Thomas (English ambas-sador), 18, 352
Wynne, Sir Richard, 41, 44f., 54n. 176,55, 77f., 79n. 33, 96, 119n. 157, 133f.,135, 148n. 85, 152, 243, 286n. 39
Yepes, Bishop Diego de, 408Yonger (Yonge), James, 409Yorkshire, 227n. 235Yucatan, 321Yuste, monastery of, 329
Zahara, 252Zamora, 110Zárate, Agustín de, 372Zárate, Fernando de. See Enríquez
Gómez, AntonioZeiler, Martin, 7n. 12, 51n. 165, 74, 75,
95, 110, 123n. 175, 142n. 59, 534n. 28Zúccaro, Federico, 112n. 141Zúñiga, Baltasar de, 507Zurbarán, 141Zurich, 14Zurita, Gerónimo, 276Zutphen, 322, 323
584 Index
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