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ImamAlKadhim 3
CONTENTS
FoundationsWord .............................................................. 5
Introduction ......................................................................... 7
ImamalKadhim ................................................................. 12
TheDevoted
Worshipper..................................................... 14
GiverofForgivenessandFreedom: ..................................... 17
KindnessandGenerosity:..................................................... 19
HisSchoolandKnowledge................................................. 22
A. HisPositionasaScholar: ................................................ 22
B. SomeofImam'sStatementsonMonotheism: ............... 26
C. ImamStatesKeySourcesofIslamicThoughtandLegislation: 27
D. Reason,itsScientificandBehaviouralValueintheSightof,heImam: 29
E.GuidelinesonEducation: ................................................... 33
PoliticalAnd
Social
Conditions
During
Imam'sTime ....................................................................... 35
A.TheImam(a.s.)andAbuJafaralMansoor: ..................... 38
B.TheImam(a.s.)andMuhammadalMahdi:..................... 38
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C.TheImam(a.s.)andMusaalHadi:................................... 39
1. "Fakh":StarintheSkyofHistory: .................................. 40
2. BloodandMartyrdomintheUprisingofFakh:.............. 42
3. AbbassidAuthoritiesBlametheImam(a.s.)forBattleofFakh: 45
TheImam(A.S.)andHaroonalRasheed .......................... 50
A.Concise
Account
of
Al
Rasheed's
Policy:.......................... 50
B.TheImam(a.s.)isAlRasheed'sPrison: ............................ 53
C.TheImam(a.s.)isPrison: ................................................. 58
D.TheMartyredImam: ........................................................ 62
ImamCaliphAlibinMusaalRidha(A.S.).......................... 65
TheEternalBeacon ............................................................ 66
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ImamAlKadhim6
AlBalaghFoundation
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ImamAlKadhim 7
INTRODUCTION
"..Allahonlydesirestotakeawayuncleannessfromyou,Opeopleofthehousehold,andtopurifyyoua(thorough)purifying."
HolyQur'an(33:33)
The greatmessage begets greatmen. The immortal principles produce immortal leaders. Theuniquely great creed is certainly able to nurture
uniquelygreatmen.
Islam,the
great
faith,
the
immortal
creed
and
the
divine,
uniquely
great
message,
came
to
change
life
for
the
better,
tear
down
the
foundations
of
ignorance,uprootthecausesofbackwardnessandcorruption,andmouldman'scharacteronthebasisofdivineguidance,and inaccordancewiththe
moralvaluesandtheprinciplesofequityandperfection.Bythisreligion,mancanreachperfectionandjoinhimselftotheEternal,AbsoluteTruth.
Islam is practical, taking life's facts into consideration, when it lays the plan for man's life, refines behaviour, leads humankind, and creates
civilization.
The phenomenon of leadership and Imamate is unmistakably the most critical phenomenon in man's social life. The most controversial and
importantissue
faced
by
the
creeds,
principles
and
values
is
the
existence
of
the
pioneering
man,
the
exemplary
personality,
and
the
good
example
who
understandshis role, carriesouthis task,and leads theway forotherpeople tomarch.Allahchose the Imamsand leadersof thisummah from the
Prophetichousehold,CommanderoftheFaithful,ImamAliandhissons(a.s.).TheQur'anicexegetessaythattheabovementionedversewasrevealed
concerningAlibinAbiTalibandhiswifeFatimah(a.s.),thedaughteroftheMessengerofAllah(s.a.w.),andtheirsons,HassanandHussein(a.s.).
AbuHurayrah,quotedUmmSalamah,mayAllahbepleasedwithher,assaying,"FatimahcametoseetheApostleofAllahwithanearthenwarepot
filledwithsweetpastesheherselfhadmade.Sheplacedthepotinatrayandputitinfrontofhim.'Whereisyourcousinandyourtwosons?'askedthe
Prophet.'At
home,'
replied
Fatimah.
'Call
them
over'
ordered
the
Apostle
of
Allah.
She
went
to
Ali
and
said
to
him,
'The
Prophet
(s.a.w.)
wants
to
see
you
andyourtwosons.'
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ImamAlKadhim 11
deniedit.Theyshallfight,helpedbyothers,andshallbegivenwhattheyseek.Theyshallnotacceptituntiltheygiveit(theleadership)overtoamanfrom
myfamily,whoshallfilltheearthwithjusticeafterbeingfilledwithinjustice.Whoeverisluckytoliveatthattime,lethimjointhemevenifitishardfor
himtodoso,ashardascrawlingoverasnowyland" 6
MuslimsagreethatthisgreatmanisfromthehouseholdoftheProphet(s.a.w.).HeistheMahdi,thesaviour.Heshallimplementtheshari'ah,and
makethedreamoftheprophets(a.s.)ofastateinwhichjusticeprevails,areality,andraisethebannerofmonotheismoverallpartsoftheworld.
6AlTabari,Ibid,p.17...
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ImamAlKadhim 17
inIslamicsciencesandjurisprudence.Itisreportedthathewouldperformtheoptionalprayersofthenightuntilthemorningprayer.Hewouldperformit
andremain
awake
reciting
some
supplications
until
sunrise.
He
then
would
go
down
in
prostration
during
which
he
praised,
thanked
and
glorified
Allah,
andwouldnotlifthisheaduntil itwasnoon.Hesaid, inhisprostration:"Thesinofyourservantisshamefullyugly.Letyourforgivenessandpardonbe
bountiful" 16
QuotingalIrshad(guidance),abookauthoredbySheikhalMufid,theauthorofBiharalAnwar(SeasofLights),adds:
"HeusedtoweepoutofhisfearofAllahuntilhisbeardgotwet.Hewasdistinguishedbyhiscareforhisfamilyandrelatives,whomhewouldvisit
andhelpiftheyneededhim.Inthedeadofnight,heusedtocallonthepoorpeopleofMadinah,carryingtothem,inabasket,goldDinarsandordinary
Dirhams,flour
and
dates.
He
would
deliver
all
that
to
them
without
letting
them
know
who
he
was,
or
who
the
donor
was."
17
Hisfoeandjaileracknowledgedhisreligiousdevotionandpiety.AlFadhlbinalRabi'quotedHaroonalRasheedassaying,"This iscertainlyasaint
fromtheHashimites;'Then,'enquiredI, 'whyhaveyouharassedhimbythrowinghim intoprison?'"Alas,"repliedhe,"ThisissomethingIcannotresist
doing."18
Hafsreportedfromanumberoftraditiontransmitters,thefollowing:"IhaveneverseenamanmoregodfearingthanMusabinJa'far.NorhaveI
seenamanmorehoping forAllah's kindness thanhe.His recitationof theQur'anaroused sorrow (on thepartof the listener.) Itwasas ifhewas
addressingahuman
being
when
he
read
the
Qur'an."
19
Whatahighminded,devotedmanwasImamalKadhim!
GiverofForgivenessandFreedom:
"Thosewho spend ineaseaswellas inadversityand thosewho restrain (their)angerandpardonpeople.AndAllah loves thedoersofgood (to
others)."
Holy
Qur'an
(3:133)
16AlTabrasi,Ibid.,p.305,3rded
17AllamahalMajlisi,Ibid.,p.101.
18Ibid.,Vol.48,p.220,2nd.ed.
19Ibid.,p.111.
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ImamAlKadhim 21
'OnehundredDirhams,'repliedtheman,'Andwhatprofitdoyouhopetogain?'inquiredtheImam.'Idonotknow,'saidtheman.'Ihaveaskedyou:how
muchdo
you
hope
to
get?'
repeated
the
Imam.
'An
extra
one
hundred
Dirhams,'
answered
the
man.
"The
Imam
(a.s)
got
out
300
Dinars
from
his
pocket
andhandedthemtohim.Theman,movedbyImam'sgesture,rosetohisfeetandkissedtheImam(a.s.)onthehead.WhentheImam(a.s.),afterwards,
enteredthemosque,themansprangup,greetedhim,andsaid,AllahknowsbestwhomtoentrustwithHismessage' 'Whatisthat?'thefriendsofthe
manrebukedhim.Themanreviledthem.Fromthattimeon,themanbegantostandupasasignofreverenceandgreetImamMusa(a.s.)wheneverhe
enteredthemosque.ImamMusa(a.s.)saidtothosewhowantedtogetridoftheman'whatwasbetter,whatyouwantedorwhatIdid?'".28
SuchwasAhlulBait's(a.s.)manners,andtheirtolerance.ThisisoneanecdoteofnumerouswhichreflectsImam'sforgiveness,andthecurbingofhis
anger.He
was
not
called
al
Abd
al
Salih,
Zayn
al
Mujtahideen
and
al
Kadhim
for
nothing.
"Wefeedyou,forAllah'spleasureonly Wedesirefromyouneitherrewardnorthanks."
HolyQur'an(76..9)
Suchgenerosity,forgiveness,openhandednessandloveoffreedomaredifferentwhentheyissuefromtheImam(a.s.).Otherpeoplespendliberally,
givelavishly,andgrantboundlessly,buttheydothisonlyinpursuitoffame,socialstatus,andthebuyingofotherpeople'sconscience.
AsfortheImam(a.s.),hisselfistoosereneandperfecttoseekpraise,socialpositionandreputation.Hedidgood,gavelavishly,helpedtheneedy,
andemancipated
the
slaves
for
the
sake
of
Allah,
demanding
nothing
in
return.
28Ibid.
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FollowingareverybriefbiographiesoffourofImam'sstudentsandfollowers.Thesemightgiveusanideaofhowgreatwastheimpactoftheschool
ofImam
Musa
bin
Ja'far
(a.s.)
on
the
ummah.
AlibinSuwaydalSoo'i:
HetransmittedtraditionsfromImamalKadhim(a.s.)andImamalRidha(a.s.).HecorrespondedwithAbulHassanI,namelyImamalKadhim(a.s.)
whenthelatterwasinprison.JudgingfromtheletterstheImam(a.s.)senthim,hewasamanofgreatsocialposition,andwasawellknownscholar.He
authoredabookmentionedbyAhmadbinZaydalKhuza'i.35
MuhammadbinSinan:
MuhammadbinalHassanbinSinanwasknownbythenameofhisgrandfatherbecausehisfatherdiedwhilehewasstillachild.Hisgrandfathertook
custodyofhim.HewasnicknamedAbuJa'farandalZahiri,afterthenameofZahir,theservantofUmarbinalHumqalKhuza'i,awellknowncompanion
of both Imam AbulHassan alKadhim (a.s.) and Imam AbulHassan alRidha (a.s.). He authored books mentioned by, among others, alHassan bin
Sham'oon,MuhammadbinalHussein,AhmadbinMuhammad,andMuhammadbinAlialSayrafi.AnumberofreputedpeoplelikeSafwanandalAbbas
binMa'roof,
and
Abdul
Rahman
bin
al
Hajjaj
36
,quoted
him.
MuhammadbinAbiUmayralAzdi:
HisfatherisZiyadbinIsa.HewasBaghdadibybirthandlivedinBaghdad.Inthesightofallpeople,thecommonandthoseclosetotheImams,he
wasoneofthemosttrustworthy,piousanddevoutamongpeople."Hewasunique,amongallpeople, inallhisqualities,"wrotealJahidh."Hewasa
leadingShi'ite,"addsalJahidh."UnderalRasheedhewasthrowninprison,soastoforcehimtonametheShi'ites,andespeciallythefollowersofMusa
bin
Ja'far
(a.s.).
He
was
so
severely
beaten
that
he
was
about
to
confess,
when
he
heard
Muhammad
bin
Yunus
bin
Abdul
Rahman
saying
to
him,
'Fear
Allah,MuhammadbinUmay.'HebravelyenduredtortureuntilAllahgrantedhimfreedom."
35AllamahalMajlisi,hid.,Vol.48,p.178,quotedfromSharhMashyakhatalFaqih(CommentariesonBiographyofIminentFuqaha')byalSadooq,p.89.
36AllamahalMajlisi,Ibid.,p.179,quotedfromSharhMashyakhatalFaqih,p.15.
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ImamAlKadhim 33
reason,ripeawarenessof life,deepspiritualsense,and thegiftof taking thewholeshari'ah,fromtheirgrandfather,theApostleofAllah
(s.a.w.),who,
in
turn,
had
gotten
it
through
Jabra'il
(a.s.),
from
Allah.
Theseare thepeoplewhom the faithful should follow, in the lightof theirguidance the reformersand righteousmen shouldwalk,and to their
principlesthereligiousgoodmen,whoseektheshortestwaystoAllah'spleasure,shouldcling.
E.GuidelinesonEducation:
Followingareeducationalguidelinesandgeneralteachingsonsocialbehaviour,ethics,worship,andmediation,quotedfromtheImamofMuslims,
theguide
of
people,
martyr
Musa
bin
Ja'far
al
Kadhim
(a.s.).
Heisreportedtohavesaid,
"ThatwhoknowsAllahwell,shouldnevermistrustAllahwithregardtoHissustenance,norshouldhethinkillofthewayHemanagesHisservants'
lives."
Askedaboutcertitude,hesaid,
"Itisputtingone'strustinAllah,submittingtoAllah,beingsatisfiedwithAllah'sordinance,andcommendingoneselftoAllah."
Healso
said,
"HewhodiscussesthenatureofAllahisdoomed.Hewhoseeksleadershipisdoomed.Hewhothinksveryhighlyofhimselfisdoomed"
"Goodneighborlinessisnotrefrainingfrommischief.Itispatienceandtolerancetowardsmischief."
Oncehesaidtooneofhissons,
"Mylittleson,takecarenottoletAllahseeyoucommittingasinHeforbidsyoutodo.TakecarenottoletAllahmissyoudoingaritualofdevotionHe
ordersyoutodo.NeverthinkthatyouarenotremissinworshipandobediencetoAllah,forAllahisneverservedasHeshouldbeserved.Bewareofjoking,
for it removes the lightofyourfaith,anddeprivesyouof solemnity.Bewareofdisinterestand laziness,as theyblockyoursuccess in this lifeand the
hereafter."
HesaidtoZiyadbinAbiSalamah,pointingouttheattitudeoneshouldtaketowardstheoppressors,emphasizingthenecessitytoboycottthem,
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I Al K dhi42
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ImamAlKadhim42
"No,"saidtheImam(a.s.),"butamanfrommyhouseholdwillbekilledrighthere,fightingalongsideabunchofmenwhosesoulswillflyaheadoftheir
bodiestowards
Paradise."
60
ZaydbinAlibinalHusseinisreportedtohavesaidthattheApostleofAllah(s.a.w.)hadperformedprayeratFakhandsaid,
"Righthere,amanfrommyownfamilywillbekilledalongwithagroupofdevoutmen.Theirshroudsandperfume(whichisrituallyappliedtothe
dead)shallbebroughttothemfromParadise.TheirsoulswilloutruntheirbodiestoParadise."61
IftheApostleofAllah(s.a.w.)andAhlulBait(a.s.),whodidn'twitnessthemassacre,weregreatlyshockedatthehorrendousnews,ImamMusabin
Ja'faralKadhim(a.s.),theImamofMuslimsandthechiefofAhlulBait(a.s.)ofthetime,musthavebeenmovedbeyonddescriptionbythetragedyasit
unfolded
in
front
of
him.
That
tragedy
had
a
heavy
impact
on
his
life
and
mission.
That
is
because
the
day
of
Fakh
was
a
terribly
saddening
memory
in
the
historyofAhlulBait(a.s.).ImamMuhammadalJawad(a.s.),thegrandsonofImamalKadhim(a.s.),wasquotedassaying,
"Afteral TaffwewitnessednomassacremorehorriblethanthatofFakh."62
MusaalHadi, theAbbassid caliph,onwhoseorder themassacrewasperpetrated,blamed theuprisingon ImamMusaalKadhim (a.s.)and the
survivorsfromthehouseofAbuTalib.ImamKadhim(a.s.)enduredalltheatrocitiesagainsthimandhisfollowerswithhisgreatheart,endlesspatience
andironwill.
That isthegreat leader.Muslim leadershavetobegreaterthantribulations,firmerthanthehardshipsplaced intheirpath,andbraverthantheir
adversaries,sothattheycangoonwiththeirtasks.TheImamsofAhlulBait(a.s.)wereallpossessedofsuchqualities.Howtruthfularethewordsofthe
ApostleofAllah(s.a.w.),
"Wearemembersofahouseholdtowhomnoonecouldeverbecompared"
2.BloodandMartyrdomintheUprisingofFakh:
MusaalHadiwas in constant fearofAhlulBait (a.s.),whoenjoyed the supportof themasses.Heparticularly feared ImamMusa (a.s.)andhis
leadership.His
fear
intensified
when
the
Alawite
revolutionary
Abu
Abdullah
al
Hussein
bin
Ali
bin
al
Hassan
bin
al
Hassan
bin
al
Hassan
bin
al
Hassan
bin
60Ibid.
61Ibid.,p.437.
62AllamahalMajlisi,Ibid.,Vol.48,p.165.
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'OLord,howmanyafoehassharpenedthebladeofhisknife,honedtheedgeofhissword,preparedformethefatalistofhispoisons,whoseeye
neverslept,
always
watching
me.
Seeing
me
unable
to
endure
disasters
and
ward
off
the
disastrous
calamities,
You
turned
all
that
away
from
me
with
Your
powerandmight.Youthrewhimintheholehehaddugforme,disappointedatnotachievingwhathehadhopedforinthisworld,beingdistancedfrom
whathewishedforinthenextworld.Forthat,IpraiseYouasmuchasYoudeserve.
"'MyLord,OAllah!PunishhimwithYourmight,weakenhisstrengthwithYourpower,keephimbusyfindingnowaytoachievehisends,andunable
todowhatheintendsto.OmyLord!Grantmeaquickvictoryoverhimthatwouldhealmeofmyanger,andrestoremyright.OLord!Acceptmyprayer,
andbringaboutthechangeIdesireasaresultofmycomplaint.ShowhimsoonwhatYoupromisedtheunjust,andshowmewhatYoupromisedasan
answertotheprayeroftheneedy.CertainlyYouaretheOnewhosegraceisinfiniteandfavoursareabundant'
"IbnYaqtinthensaid,'Thereafter,thepeopleScattered.TheygatheredafterthatonlytoreadthelettersenttoImamalKadhim(a.s.)informinghim
ofthedeathofMusabinalMahdi."74
Thus the strugglebetween thisAbbassid rulerand ImamMusabin Ja'far (a.s.) came toanend,but it restartedwith thenew ruler,Haroonal
Rasheed.
74SheikhalSadooq,UyoonAkhbaralRidha(KeyNarrativesaboutalRidha),p.65.AlHaydariyyahPressNajaf,Iraq.
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ImamAlKadhim 67
Th i ibl f th l t l k t b t th d d t t i th i t th i id d t d f th i
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Thecorpsewasvisibleforthepeopletolookat,butthemurderersandtyrantswereintheirtowers,amongtheirmaidsandservants,proudoftheir
temporarypower,clingingtotheirswordsandspears.Theythought,thewayallmurderersandoppressorsdo,thatthecurtainwasdrawnonthishistoric
chapter,andthatthisshiningpageofhistoryofAhlulBait(a.s.)hadmeltedinthedepthsofcellsanddungeons.
ImamMusaalKadhim (a.s.)hadactuallywentoutofhisprisononly tomakeway for theoppressorsandmurderers to"live" there forever.He
answered the callofhis Lord, contentedandpleased.Theearthhuggedhispurebody.Therea shrinewentupasahistoricdocument,eternaland
everlasting,relatingtotheMuslimgenerationsthestoryoftheprolongedstruggleofAhlulBait(a.s.)withtheirfoesthroughoutthehistoryof Islam.It
warnstheoppressorsofeveryagethatthebond,prison,hangman'snooseandexecutioner'sswordcannotsubduethewillofright,orhidethelandmarks
ofguidanceinthecellsofprisonsandonthepagesofdistortedhistory.Itgivesgreatlessonstothecowardly,thedefeated,andthosewithweakfaith,
whoavoid
fighting
the
oppressors
and
find
satisfaction
in
humiliation
and
servitude,
that
the
faithful
should
always
stand
steadfast
and
determined
in
defendingtheirbeliefs.
AllpraiseisduetoAllah,theLordoftheworlds.