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III. Clinton Years (1993-2001)
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A. Election of 1992
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1. democratic party united behind Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton and fellow baby-boomer, Al Gore
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2. despite raising taxes, President Bush is unable isto stop the recession but ran for a second term
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3. Texas billionaire Ross Perot ran under the Independence Party
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4. the economy proved to be the major issue and Governor Clinton won a close election (43% popular vote) and democrats control both houses of Congress
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B. Politics1. Appointments
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a. cabinet positions were filled with many minorities and women including the first female Secretary of State (Madeleine Albright) and Attorney General
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b. added two justices to the Supreme Courtincluding the second female
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2. Contract with America (1994)
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a. Republicans gained control of both houses for the 1st time since 1954 during this “midterm” election by attacking Clinton’s liberal failures
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b. led by Newt Gingrich (Speaker of the House) Republican Congress shut down government twice over budget issues
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c. gradually, the American public grew tired of Republican conservatism and sided with Clinton
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d. in the Election of 1996, Clinton became the firstDemocrat to win re-election since FDR after running “towards the middle”
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C. Social Issues1. Health Care Reform
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a. presented health care reform to Congress b. committee was run by his wife, and called
for guaranteed health insurance
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c. critics called it costly, complex and stated that it would limit people’s choice of
doctorsd. not passed by Congress and considered a
huge defeat
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2. Gun Control
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a. due to the recent outburst of violence many called for increased gun control
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b. named after President Reagan’s Press Secretary(“Brady Bill”) the law called for a 5 day waiting
period for purchasing a weaponc. also passed ban on assault weapons
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3. Family Medical Leave Act ( FMLA ) provided workers with 12 weeks of unpaid medical leave to care for a newborn or family member
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4. Clinton called for accepting homosexuals in the armed forces but finally had to settle for a
“don’t ask don’t tell” policy that unofficially accepted gays and lesbians.
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D. Economic 1. a fiscal conservative, Clinton fiscal government
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2. increased revenues by increasing the income tax on the wealthy and created a new excise tax on gas
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3. Budget Deficita. increase in military spending and a decrease in revenue during the 1980s, caused the national
deficit to increase b. in 1998 the US had a surplus for the first time
since 1969
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4. attempted to increase interdependence with North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA) which called for a phasing out of tariffs between the US, Mexico and Canada
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5. helped by the growth of computer related industries “e” commerce) nation entered its longest period of sustained growth
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E. Foreign Policy
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1. brought peace to the Middle East with treaties between Israel and the Palestinians
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2. Chinaa. highly desirable market due to its large
population (1.3 billion)
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b. criticized by President Clinton for their human rights violations during the 1990s but granted favored-nation status which has led to a massive
trade imbalance (US imports exceed exports)
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3. Somalia
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a. Bush administration began humanitarian airlift of food and supplies
b. local warlords began stealing shipment
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c. President Bush sent in troops to control the situation
d. President Clinton removes troops due to lack of progress and safety concerns for US soldiers
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4. forced Iraq to allow UN inspectors to investigate nuclear and biological weapons
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5. Bosnia
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a. in 1991, Bosnia and Herzogevenia declared their independence from Yugoslaviab. violence broke out and millions became
refugees
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c. led by Slobodan Milosevic, Bosnian Serbs carried out ethnic cleansing killing thousands of innocent civilians
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d. Clinton sends in troops to stop this violation of human rights
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F. Impeachment
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1. an independent prosecutor hired to investigate the Clinton’s involvement in an illegal real estate scheme uncovered a sexual relationship between
President Clinton and a White House intern
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2. Clinton lied under oath about the affair3. House of Representatives impeached the
president (obstruction of justice and perjury)
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4. Senate did not get 2/3 votes needed(like Andrew Johnson ) so Clinton remained an extremely popular president due to the strength of the American economy