European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 07, 2020
4722
IASSOCIATION IOF IANTHROPOMETRIC
IMEASUREMENTS IOF IHAND IAND
IFOREARM IWITH IGRIP ISTRENGTH IIN
IBASKETBALL IAND IVOLLEYBALL
IPLAYERS.
Singhal IVishesh1,2, ISougata IPanda1,2, ITegh ISukhvinder Isingh1, IKapoor IGaurav1,2, I
1Assistant IProfessor, I IDepartment Iof Iphysiotherapy IChandigarh IUniversity, IMohali. 2PhD Iresearch Ischolar, IJaoyti Ividyapeeth Iwomen’s IUniversity,Jaipur I
Corresponding IAuthor I– IVishesh ISinghal, IAssistant IProfessor, IUniversity IInstitute Iof
IApplied Ihealth ISciences, IChandigarh IUniversity, IMohali I
E-mail- [email protected]
Background: I- IHand Igrip Istrength Iis Ialways Iconsider Ias Ian Ioverall Iindicator I Iof
Iphysical Istrength, Imuscle Iperformance, Ifunctional Iindex Iof Inutritional Istatus, Ibone
Imineral Icontent, Ifunctional Iintegrity Iof Iupper Iextremity Iof Ihand Iand Iforearm
Imusculature. I I. IIt Iis Ijudged Ias Ione Iof Ithe Imajor Ireliable Itool Iused Iin Iclinical
Isetting Ifor Iestimating Ihand-grip Istrength. I IIAs Ia Iphysiological Ivariable Iit Ican Ibe
Iinfluenced Iby Ia Inumber Iof Ifactors Isuch Ias Iage, Igender, Iheight, I Iweight I Iand
Ivarious Ianthropometric I Itraits.
Objective: I- IThe Iobjective Iof Ipresent Istudy Iwas Ito Imeasure I I Ithe Idominant
Ihandgrip Istrength Iwith Imodified Isphygmomanometer Iand Iits Iassociation Iwith
Iseveral I Ianthropometric Imeasurements Iof Ihand Iand Iforearm Iin I60 Iselected
Ibasketball Iand Ivolleyball Iplayers Iof Iaged I15-20 Iyears I(mean Iage I16.1667+1.3298)
Ifrom Ithree Idifferent Iresearch Isettings Iin IUttarakhand, IIndia.
Method: I- IFour Ianthropometric Ivariables, Ii.e. Iheight, Iweight, IBMI, Ibody Ifat
Ipercentage, I6 Ihand Ianthropometric Ivariables, Ii.e. Ihand Isize, Ihand Ilength, Ipalm
Ilength, Ipalm Iwidth, Ihand Ishape, Imiddle Ifinger Ilength, I15 Ihand Idimensions I(TL,
IIFL, IMFL, IRFL, ILFL, IFS1, IFS2, IFS3, IFS4, IFS5, IP1, IP2, IP3, IP4, IP5), IWrist
Icircumference, Itwo Iforearm Ianthropometric Ivariables, Ii.e. Iforearm Ilength, Iforearm
Icircumference Iand Ihandgrip Istrength Iof Idominant Iand Inon Idominant Iwere
Imeasured Iin Ibasketball I& Ivolleyball Iplayers Iby Istandard Ianthropometric
Itechniques.
Main IOutcome IMeasures: I- IHandgrip Istrength Iwas Imeasured Iby IModified
ISphygmomanometer.
Result: I- IIn Itotal Iplayers Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Isignificant I(p<0.05*; I I
I I Ip<0.01**) Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith IAge I(r=0.313*), IHeight(r=0.413**),
IWeight(r=0.401**), IForearm Icircumference I(r=0.377**), IWrist Icircumference
I(r=0.325*), IPalm Iwidth I(r=0.324*), IThumb Ilength I(r=0.341**), IIndex Ifinger Ilength
I(r=0.301*), IPerimeter I1 I(r=0.277*), IPerimeter2 I(r=0.288*). IIn Ibasketball Iplayers
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Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Isignificant I(p<0.05*; Ip<0.01**) Ipositive
Icorrelation Iwith IAge I(r=0.508**), IHeight(r=0.492**), IForearm Icircumference
I(r=0.381*), IWrist Icircumference I(r=0.435*), IHand Ilength I(r=0.382*), IPalm Ilength
I(r=0.400*), IThumb Ilength I(r=0.480**), IIndex Ifinger Ilength I(r=0.376*), IMiddle
Ifinger Ilength I(r=0.446*), IRing Ifinger Ilength I(r=0.370*) IPerimeter I1 I(r=0.370*),
IPerimeter I2 I(r=0.413*), IPerimeter I3 I(r=0.385*). IIn Ivolleyball Iplayers Idominant
Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Isignificant I(p<0.05*; Ip<0.01**) Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith
IHeight(r=0.373*), IWeight(r=0.448*), IForearm Icircumference I(r=0.381*)
Conclusion: I- IBased Ion Ithe Iresult Ifindings Iit Iis Iconcluded Ithat IAge, IHeight,
IForearm Icircumference, Iwrist Icircumference, Ihand Ilength, Ipalm Ilength, Ithumb
Ilength, Iindex Ifinger Ilength, Imiddle Ifinger Ilength, Iringer Ifinger Ilength, Iperimeter
I1,2,3 Ishowed Isignificant Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength, Ibut
Iin Ivolleyball Iplayers Ionly Iheight, Iweight Iand Iforearm Icircumference Ishowed
Isignificant Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength I. IThe Idifferences
Iin Ithe Igroups Icould Ibe Idue Ito Ispecific Itraining Iin Ithe Idifferent I I Isports Ior Idue
Ito Ismall Iage Igroup Iand Isample Isize.
Key Iwords: I- IHandgrip Istrength, IHand Ianthropometrics, IForearm Ianthropometrics,
IModified Isphygmomanometer, Ihand Idimensions.
1. INTRODUCTION
Hand Iis Ione Iof Ithe Icomplex Istructure Ithat Ican Irelay Isensory Iinformation Iabout Ithe
Itemperature, Ishape, Itexture Iof Iobjects Ito Ithe Ibrain Ialong Iwith Imultitude Iof Imotor
Itask I I1 IIt Iis Idevoted Ientirely Ito Ifunction Iof Imanipulation Iand Iits Ialso Iunique Iin
Ibeing Ifree Iof Ihabitual Ilocomotors Iduty. IWhen Ia Igrip Iis Iformed I Iduring Ian Iactivity
Iits Ieffectiveness Iin Iperforming Iactivities Igenerally Icomprise Iof Iconfiguration Iof Ibone
Iand Imuscle Iwhich Ipermit Iopposition Iof Ithe Ipulp Isurface Iof Ithe Ithumb Ito Ithe
Icorresponding Isurfaces Iof Iother Ifour Ifinger Itips, Iin Icollaboration Iwith Isensitivity, I
Inervous Icontrol Iand Iproprioception Iof Ithe Ifingers.2
The Ihand Inever Ifunctions Iin Iisolation, Iit Iis Ialways I Iis Idependent Ion Ithe
Iintegrity Iof Ithe Ishoulder Iand Ielbow Icomplexes Iwhich I Iallow Ithe Iappropriate
Ipositioning Iof Ithe Ihand Iin Ispace Irequired I Icomplete Ithe Idesired Itask Iappropriately
I.1
In IHand Igrip Istrength Iis I Ias Ithe Imaximal Ipower Igenerated Iby Iforceful Ivoluntary
Iflexion Iof Iall Ithe Ifingers Iunder Inormal Ibio Ikinetic Iconditions,3 Icomprises Iof Iactivity
Iof Ivarious Imuscles Iof Ihand Iand I Ifore Iarm Iregion. IIn Iorder Ito Idetermine Ithe
Ihandedness Iof Ian Iindividual, Ihandgrip Istrength Ican Ibe Iconsider Ias Ian Iimportant
Iparameter Iin Ifield Iof Ipopulation Ivariation Iin Istudy. IIt Iis Ioften Iconsider Ias Ian Ivalid
Iindicator Iof Ioverall Iphysical Istrength,5 Ihands Iand Iforearm Imuscle Iperformance, I6
Ifunctional Iindexes Iof Inutritional Istatus, I7 Iphysical Iperformance, Ibone Imineral Icontent,
Iand Ifunctional Iintegrity Iof Iupper Iextremity. I8-12.
Ball Igames Irequire Icomprehensive Iability Iof Ian Iindividual Iwhich Iincludes Iphysical
Ifitness I, Itechnical, Icognitive I Iand Itactical Iabilities. IHand Imorphology Iand Ifunctional
Iproperties Iplays Ia Ivery Iimportant Irole Iin Iskill Iand Iperformance Iof Ian Iplayer. I13
Volleyball Iand IBasketball Iare Ione Iof Ithe Ipopular Isports Iplayed Imostly Ithroughout Ithe
Iworld. IWhich Irequires Ihigh Ilevel Iof Itechnical, Itactical, Iphysical Iand Isuitable
Ianthropometric Icharacteristics. I14
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Several Istudies Ihave Iexamined Ithe Irelationship Ibetween Ianthropometric Iand
Iphysiological Icharacteristics Iof Ivolleyball Iplayers Iand Ias Iwell Ias Iin I Ibasketball Iplayer
I16,17,18,19 IIn Iyoung Iand Iadult Iplayers Idifferent Iresearchers Ihave Iexamined Ihand Igrip
Istrength Iand Iconcluded I Ithat Ithe Iathletics Iwith Ilonger Ifinger Iand Igreater Ihand
Isurfaces Igenerally Ihave Igreater Igrip Istrength.17,18,19
Various Imodalities Iare Iused Ifor Ithe Imeasurement Iof Igrip Istrength Ivaried Ifrom Imanual
Imuscle Itesting, Ihand Idynamometer, Imyometer Iand Imodified Isphygmomanometer. I I20,
I21,22
In Iprevious Iliterature Ia Istrong Ico Irelation Ibetween Igrip Istrength Iusing
IJamar Ihand Idynamometer Iwith Ivarious Ianthropometric Itraits Isuch Ias Iweight, Iheight,
Ihand Ilength Ietc. Iare Ireported.23 Ibut Iusing Imodified Isphygmomanometer Ithese
Icorrelations Ihave Ibeen Ishown Iin Inon Iathletes.21
So Iin Ithis Istudy Iwe Ihave Istudied Iabout Ithe Iassociation Ibetween
Ianthropometrics Iof Ihand, Iforearm Iand Ihandgrip Istrength Iin Ibasketball Iand Ivolleyball
Iplayers.
I
2. METHODOLOGY
A ISingle Iblind Icross Isectional Icorrelation Istudy Iof Ibasketball Iand Ivolleyball Iplayers
Iage Ibetween I15-20years Ithose Iwho Iare Iphysically Iactive Iand Ihave Ibeen Iplaying Ifor
Iat Ileast Ipast Ione Iyear Iwith I4-5 Iplaying Ihours Iper Iweek Iwere Iincluded Iin Ithe Istudy
Iand Ithose Iwho Iwere Ihaving Iany Irecent Iinjury I(musculoskeletal Ior Ineurological
Iimpairments),undergoing Iany Irehabilitation Iprotocol Iat Ithe Itime Iof Istudy Ior IAthletes
Ireporting Iany Irecent Iweight Ichange I(decrease I>10% Iof Ibody Iweight) Iwere Iexcluded
Ifrom Ithe Istudy.
Procedure
A Isample Iof I60 IAthletes Iof Iage Igroup I15-20 Iyears Iobtained Ifrom Ithree Idifferent
Isettings I(Maharana IPratap ISports ICollege, IRaipur; IKendriya Ividyalaya IO.F.D, IRaipur;
IState Ibasketball Iand Ivolleyball Iacademy Iat IParade IGround, IDehradun) Iwas Irecruited
Ifor Ithe Istudy. IThe Inon Irandomised Iconvenient Isampling Iwas Ipreferred Ito Idivide Ithe
Isample Iin Itwo Igroups Iof I30 Ieach Iof IBasketball Iand IVolleyball Iplayers. IBoth Igroups
Iconsisted Iof I8 Ifemale Iand I22 Imale Iplayers.
After Itaking Ithe IEthical Iapproval Ifor Iconducting Ithe Istudy, Idata Iof Ibelow Imentioned
Ianthropometric Iparameters Iand Ithe Ihandgrip Istrength Itests Iwere Itaken.
HEIGHT IMEASUREMENT
The Iheight Iwas Imeasured Iduring Iinspiration Iusing Ia Istadiometer Ito Ithe Inearest I0.1
Icm. I
WEIGHT IMEASUREMENT
The Iweight Iwas Imeasured Iby Imechanical Istanding Iweighing Iscale Ito Ithe Inearest I0.1
Ikg. I
BMI
After Itreading Iof Iheight Iand Iweight Iwere Itaken Ithen IBMI Iwas Icalculated Iusing Ithe
Iformula Iweight I(kg)/ Iheight I(m) I2.
BODY IFAT IPERCENTAGE
This Iwas Icalculated Iusing IBMI Ias Igiven Iin Ithe Ibelow Imentioned Iformula
% IFat I= I63.7 I- I864 IX I(1 I/ IBMI) I- I12.1 IX IGender I+ I0.12 IX IAge I+ I129 IX IAsian
IX I(1 I/ IBMI) I- I0.091 IX IAsian IX IAge I- I0.030 IX IAfrican IAmerican IX IAge
Whereas IGender I= I1 Ifor Imale Iand I0 Ifor Ifemale; IAsian I= I1 Iand I0 Ifor Iall Iother
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Iraces; IAfrican IAmerican I= I1and I0 Ifor Iall Iother Iraces; Iage Iin Iyears I(nearest Itenth
Iyear).29
HAND IDOMINANCE
To Idetermine Ithe Ihand Idominance Iit Iwas Iasked Iby Iwhich Ihand Ithey Ihold Ithe Ipen
Iwhile Iwriting.
HAND IPARAMETERS
Anthropometrical Ivariables Iof Ihand Iwere Imeasure Iby Ia Imethod Igiven Iby IVisnapuu
Iand IJürimäe I(2007). ISubject Iwere Iexplained Iin Idetail Iabout Ithe Iprocedure Ithen Ithey
Iwere Iseated Icomfortably Iin Ichair Iand Ithen Icommand Iwas Igiven Ito Ithem Ito Ispread
Iand Istretch Iout Itheir Idominant Ihand Iand Iplace Iit Ion Ithe Ipaper. IResearchers Ithen
Ihave Idrawn Ithe Ioutlines Iof Ithe Idominant Ihand Iwhile Icontour Iwere Idrawn Iwith
Imaximal Iactive Ivoluntary Iadduction Iof Ithumb Iand Iother Ifingers. IAfter Ithat Ithree
Igroups Iof Ihand Ianthropometric Ivariables Iwere Imeasured: I5 Ifinger Ispans, I5 Ifinger
Ilengths, Iand I5 Iperimeters Iof Ithe Ihand. IFinger Ispans I(FS1, IFS2, IFS3, IFS4 Iand IFS5),
Ifinger Ilengths I(TL, IIFL, IMFL, IRFL, ILFL), Iand I5 Iperimeters I(P1, IP2, IP3, IP4, IP5)
Iof Ithe Ihand I(Figure I4.6) Iwere Imeasured Iby Ia Istandard I300-mm Imetal Iruler.19
HAND ISIZE IMEASUREMENT
The Idistance Iseparating Idistal Iextremes Iof Ithe Ifirst Iand Ififth Idigits Iwere Imeasured Iin
Ithe Idominant Ihand Iplaying Iit Iin Imaximal Iwidth.35
HAND ISHAPE IMEASUREMENT
It Iwas Itaken Iby Itaking Iratio Ibetween Ihand Iwidth Ito Ihand Ilength I. I(W/L Iratio).36
HAND ILENGTH IMEASUREMENT
IFor Ihand Ilength Imeasurement Ithe Idistance Ifrom Ithe Itip Iof Ithe Imiddle Ifinger Ito Ithe
Imidline Iof Ithe Idistal Iwrist Icrease Iwhen Ithe Iforearm Iand Ihand Iare Isupinated Ion Ia
Itable Iwere Itaken I.34
PALM ILENGTH IMEASUREMENT
For IPalm Ilength Ithe Idistance Ibetween Ithe Imidline Iof Ithe Idistal Iwrist Icrease Iand Ithe
Ibase Iof Imiddle Ifinger Iwas Imeasure Iusing Ia Iruler.30
PALM I(HAND) IWIDTH IMEASUREMENT
The Idistance Ibetween Ithe Iradial Iside Iof Ithe Isecond Imetacarpal Ijoint Ito Ithe Iulnar Iside
Iof Ithe Ififth Imetacarpal Ijoint.31
F3 I(MIDDLE IFINGER) ILENGTH IMEASUREMENT
The Idistance Ifrom Ithe Itip Iof Ithe Imiddle Ifinger Ito Ithe Ibase Iof Ithe Imiddle Ifinger Ior
IHand Ilength Iminus IPalm Ilength.31
FOREARM ILENGTH IMEASUREMENT
The Idistance Ifrom Ithe Ijoint Iline Iof Iproximal Ihead Ito Ithe Istyloid Iprocess.31
FOREARM ICIRCUMFERENCE IMEASUREMENT
IA Iflexible Imeasuring Itape Iwas Iused Ito Imeasure Ithe Imaximum Iforearm Icircumflexed.
I31
WRIST ICIRCUMFERENCE IMEASUREMENT
A Iflexible Imeasuring Itape Iwas Iused Ito Imeasure Ithe IWrist Icircumflexed Iat Iwrist
Icrease.31
HAND IGRIP ISTRENGTH ITEST
To Imeasure Ithe Ihand Igrip Istrength Isphygmomanometer Iwas Iused. IIts Icuff Iwas Ievenly
Irolled, Iforming Ia Icircumference Iof Iapproximately I7 Iin Ito Iconform Iand Ithen Irubber
Iband Iwas Iplaced Iaround Ieach Iend Iof Ithe Icuff Ito Ihold Iit Iin Iposition. IThe Icuff Iwas
Iinflated Ito I20 ImmHg, Iwhich Iwas Itaken Ias Ithe Istarting Iposition Ifor Imeasurement Iof
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Ieach Isubject. I
Subject Iwas Ipositioned Iin Ia Istraight Iback Ichair Iwith Iboth Ifeet Iflat Ion Ithe Ifloor.
IPosition Iof Ithe Iarm Iwas Iexplained, Iand Ithen Ieach Isubject Iwas Iinstructed Ito Iplace
Itheir Ileft Ihand Ion Itheir Iright Ithigh Iand Iassume Ia Iposition Iof Iadducted Iand Ineutrally
Irotated Ishoulders. IFor Ithe Iarm Ito Ibe Itested, Ithe Ielbow Iwas Iflexed Iup Ito I90o, Ithe
Iforearm Iand Iwrist Iwere Iin Ineutral Ipositions, Iand Ithe Ifingers Iwere Iflexed. IEach
Isubject Iwas Iinstructed Ito Ibreathe Iin Ithrough Ihis/her Inose Iand Iblow Iout Ithrough
Ipursed Ilips Iso Ithat Imaximum Igrip Ieffort Ican Ibe Imade. IThen Iwere Igiven Ia Icommand
Ito Isqueeze Ias Iharder Ias Ipossible.32-33
Measurements Ifor Ithe Ihands Iwere Itaken. IThree Itrials Iwere Itaken Iwith Ia Irest Iinterval
Iof I60 Iseconds Ibetween Ieach Itrial.
3. RESULT
IAll Iresults Iwere Ipresented Ias Imean Istandard Ideviation. IAll Isignificant Ip Ivalues
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I(~0.05) Iwere Iindicated Iin Ibold Itype.
Descriptiv e Statistics Of Anthropometric Measurements Of Hand And Forearm With Handgrip
Strength In Total Players
60 15.00 20.00 970.00 16.1667 1.3298
60 147.00 186.50 10059.00 167.6500 8.2715
60 35.00 77.00 3145.00 52.4167 8.8553
60 14.02 24.47 1114.79 18.5798 2.3343
60 3.38 31.72 908.53 15.1422 6.9519
60 20.00 29.00 1447.50 24.1250 2.0034
60 21.50 29.00 1515.00 25.2500 1.7791
60 14.00 19.00 982.00 16.3667 1.1194
60 17.00 25.50 1216.60 20.2767 1.8630
60 16.00 20.50 1120.70 18.6783 1.0976
60 .38 .50 26.45 .4408 2.5400
60 7.00 10.00 494.50 8.2417 .6344
60 9.00 12.00 640.20 10.6700 .6703
60 6.50 9.00 482.00 8.0333 .5665
60 45.33 140.00 5093.66 84.8943 19.4878
60 35.33 134.00 4843.32 80.7220 19.0096
60 8.50 15.20 655.80 10.9300 1.7070
60 11.80 22.10 940.20 15.6700 2.0198
60 13.40 24.90 1081.20 18.0200 2.1400
60 15.50 25.10 1179.20 19.6533 1.9285
60 21.20 36.10 1639.40 27.3233 2.9493
60 11.60 15.10 799.10 13.3183 .8480
60 14.90 19.60 1055.40 17.5900 1.0982
60 15.10 20.40 1098.20 18.3033 1.1922
59 14.10 19.20 1020.40 17.2949 1.1796
60 12.00 16.80 889.40 14.8233 .9982
60 35.10 48.90 2510.60 41.8433 3.2569
60 38.50 57.40 2834.50 47.2417 3.7719
60 34.20 50.10 2509.90 41.8317 2.8842
60 35.50 48.10 2606.20 43.4367 2.8779
60 44.80 67.20 3318.70 55.3117 4.2346
Age
Height
Weight
BMI - Body Mass Index
Body Fat Percentage
Forearm Circumference
Forearm Length
Wrist Circumference (cm)
Hand Size
Hand Length
Hand Shape
Palm width (cm)
Palm length (cm)
F3 Length - Middle Finger Length
Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)
Hand Grip S NDH mean (mm Hg)
FS1- finger span 1
FS2- finger span 2
FS3- finger span 3
FS4- finger span 4
FS5- finger span 5
TL - Thumb Length
IFL- Index Finger Length
MFL- Middle Finger Length
RFL- Ring Finger Length
LFL- Little Finger Length
P1 - Perimeter 1
P2- Perimeter 2
P3- Perimeter 3
P4- Perimeter 4
P5- Perimeter 5
N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation
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4728
Graph I5.1 IShowing Ithe Imean Ivalues Iof Iall Ithe Iparameters Iin Itotal Iplayers.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Age Height Weight BMI - Body Mass Index
Body Fat Percentage Forearm Circumference Forearm Length Wrist Circumference (cm)
Hand Size Hand Length Hand Shape Palm width (cm)
Palm length (cm) F3 Length - Middle Finger Length Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg) Hand Grip S NDH mean (mm Hg)
FS1- finger span 1 FS2- finger span 2 FS3- finger span 3 FS4- finger span 4
FS5- finger span 5 TL - Thumb Length IFL- Index Finger Length MFL- Middle Finger Length
RFL- Ring Finger Length LFL- Little Finger Length P1 - Perimeter 1 P2- Perimeter 2
P3- Perimeter 3 P4- Perimeter 4 P5- Perimeter 5
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Descriptiv e Statistics Of Anthropometric Measurements Of Hand And Forearm With Handgrip
Strength In Basketball Players.
30 15.00 20.00 500.00 16.6667 1.5388
30 147.00 181.00 4987.50 166.2500 7.7055
30 39.00 77.00 1554.00 51.8000 8.8294
30 14.19 23.48 561.01 18.7003 2.5466
30 3.38 31.72 459.99 15.3330 6.8734
30 20.50 29.00 719.50 23.9833 1.9848
30 21.50 28.00 747.00 24.9000 1.6526
30 14.50 19.00 484.50 16.1500 .9839
30 17.00 23.50 605.00 20.1667 1.7535
30 16.00 20.00 554.70 18.4900 1.0169
30 .38 .49 13.25 .4417 2.6700
30 7.00 9.50 245.50 8.1833 .6086
30 9.00 11.50 317.70 10.5900 .6759
30 7.00 8.50 238.50 7.9500 .5309
30 47.33 140.00 2569.32 85.6440 17.1523
30 45.33 134.00 2474.65 82.4883 18.3568
30 8.50 15.00 320.60 10.6867 1.7628
30 12.30 19.90 463.40 15.4467 1.8829
30 14.60 22.30 535.60 17.8533 1.8809
30 16.50 23.50 584.90 19.4967 1.7002
30 22.50 33.60 804.40 26.8133 2.4294
30 11.70 15.10 399.90 13.3300 .8226
30 15.40 19.20 522.90 17.4300 1.0386
30 15.70 20.20 542.70 18.0900 1.0771
30 14.70 19.10 511.70 17.0567 1.0424
30 12.60 16.80 441.20 14.7067 .9468
30 35.60 47.40 1244.10 41.4700 3.2955
30 40.90 53.60 1406.60 46.8867 3.4879
30 37.60 46.70 1244.50 41.4833 2.5380
30 37.60 46.50 1288.40 42.9467 2.3585
30 47.90 62.40 1645.50 54.8500 3.7245
AgeHeight WeightBMI - Body Mass IndexBody Fat PercentageForearm CircumferenceForearm LengthWrist Circumference (cm)Hand SizeHand LengthHand ShapePalm width (cm)Palm length (cm)F3 Length - Middle Finger LengthHand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)Hand Grip S NDH mean (mm Hg)FS1- finger span 1FS2- finger span 2FS3- finger span 3FS4- finger span 4FS5- finger span 5TL - Thumb LengthIFL- Index Finger LengthMFL- Middle Finger LengthRFL- Ring Finger LengthLFL- Little Finger LengthP1 - Perimeter 1P2- Perimeter 2P3- Perimeter 3P4- Perimeter 4P5- Perimeter 5
N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation
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4730
Graph I5.2 Ishowing Imean Ivalues Iof Iall Iparameters Iin IBasketball Iplayers.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Age Height Weight BMI - Body Mass Index
Body Fat Percentage Forearm Circumference Forearm Length Wrist Circumference (cm)
Hand Size Hand Length Hand Shape Palm width (cm)
Palm length (cm) F3 Length - Middle Finger Length Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg) Hand Grip S NDH mean (mm Hg)
FS1- finger span 1 FS2- finger span 2 FS3- finger span 3 FS4- finger span 4
FS5- finger span 5 TL - Thumb Length IFL- Index Finger Length MFL- Middle Finger Length
RFL- Ring Finger Length LFL- Little Finger Length P1 - Perimeter 1 P2- Perimeter 2
P3- Perimeter 3 P4- Perimeter 4 P5- Perimeter 5
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4731
In Itotal Iplayers Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Ia Istatically Isignificant I Ivalue I
I(p<0.05*; Ip<0.01**) Iand Ia IPositive Icorrelation Iwith IAge I(r=0.313*),
IHeight(r=0.413**), IWeight I(r I=0.401**),Forearm Icircumference I(r=0.377**), IWrist
Icircumference(r= I I I0.325*), IPalm Iwidth I(r=0.324*), IThumb Ilength I(r=0.341**), IIndex
Ifinger Ilength I(r=0.301*), IPerimeter I1 I(r=0.277*), IPerimeter2 I( I I I I Ir=0.288*).
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg)
Age .313*
Height .413**
Weight .401**
BMI I- IBody IMass IIndex .203
Body IFat IPercentage -.014
Forearm ICircumference .377**
Descriptiv e Statistics Of Anthropometric Measurements Of Hand And Forearm With Handgrip
Strength In Volleyball Players.
30 15.00 18.00 470.00 15.6667 .8442
30 147.00 186.50 5071.50 169.0500 8.7043
30 35.00 70.00 1591.00 53.0333 8.9884
30 14.02 24.47 553.78 18.4593 2.1380
30 5.07 30.49 448.54 14.9513 7.1417
30 20.00 28.00 728.00 24.2667 2.0457
30 22.00 29.00 768.00 25.6000 1.8588
30 14.00 19.00 497.50 16.5833 1.2183
30 17.00 25.50 611.60 20.3867 1.9903
30 16.00 20.50 566.00 18.8667 1.1592
30 .39 .50 13.20 .4400 2.0200
30 7.00 10.00 249.00 8.3000 .6644
30 9.50 12.00 322.50 10.7500 .6663
30 6.50 9.00 243.50 8.1167 .5972
30 45.33 123.33 2524.34 84.1447 21.8469
30 35.33 123.33 2368.67 78.9557 19.7930
30 8.60 15.20 335.20 11.1733 1.6427
30 11.80 22.10 476.80 15.8933 2.1566
30 13.40 24.90 545.60 18.1867 2.3920
30 15.50 25.10 594.30 19.8100 2.1506
30 21.20 36.10 835.00 27.8333 3.3551
30 11.60 15.00 399.20 13.3067 .8867
30 14.90 19.60 532.50 17.7500 1.1497
30 15.10 20.40 555.50 18.5167 1.2796
29 14.10 19.20 508.70 17.5414 1.2780
30 12.00 16.40 448.20 14.9400 1.0500
30 35.10 48.90 1266.50 42.2167 3.2299
30 38.50 57.40 1427.90 47.5967 4.0644
30 34.20 50.10 1265.40 42.1800 3.1986
30 35.50 48.10 1317.80 43.9267 3.2850
30 44.80 67.20 1673.20 55.7733 4.7085
AgeHeight WeightBMI - Body Mass IndexBody Fat PercentageForearm CircumferenceForearm LengthWrist Circumference (cm)Hand SizeHand LengthHand ShapePalm width (cm)Palm length (cm)F3 Length - Middle Finger LengthHand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)Hand Grip S NDH mean (mm Hg)FS1- finger span 1FS2- finger span 2FS3- finger span 3FS4- finger span 4FS5- finger span 5TL - Thumb LengthIFL- Index Finger LengthMFL- Middle Finger LengthRFL- Ring Finger LengthLFL- Little Finger LengthP1 - Perimeter 1P2- Perimeter 2P3- Perimeter 3P4- Perimeter 4P5- Perimeter 5
N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation
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Forearm ILength .234
Wrist ICircumference I(cm) .325*
Hand ISize .229
Hand ILength .226
Hand IShape .197
Palm Iwidth I(cm) .324*
Palm Ilength I(cm) .207
F3 ILength I- IMiddle IFinger ILength .167
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg) 1.000
Hand IGrip IS INDH Imean I(mm IHg) .832**
FS1- Ifinger Ispan I1 .178
FS2- Ifinger Ispan I2 .170
FS3- Ifinger Ispan I3 .160
FS4- Ifinger Ispan I4 .160
FS5- Ifinger Ispan I5 .066
TL I- IThumb ILength .341**
IFL- IIndex IFinger ILength .301*
MFL- IMiddle IFinger ILength .246
RFL- IRing IFinger ILength .227
LFL- ILittle IFinger ILength .250
P1 I- IPerimeter I1 .277*
P2- IPerimeter I2 .288*
P3- IPerimeter I3 .243
P4- IPerimeter I4 .187
P5- IPerimeter I5 .213
*Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.05 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
**Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.01 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
Graph I5.4 IShowing Icorrelation Ibetween Idifferent Iparameters Iand Idominant Ihandgrip
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)
Age Height Weight BMI - Body Mass IndexBody Fat Percentage Forearm Circumference Forearm Length Wrist Circumference (cm)Hand Size Hand Length Hand Shape Palm width (cm)Palm length (cm) F3 Length - Middle Finger Length Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg) FS1- finger span 1FS2- finger span 2 FS3- finger span 3 FS4- finger span 4 FS5- finger span 5
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Istrength Iof Itotal Iplayers.
I IIn Ibasketball Iplayers Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Ia Isignificant I Ip Ivalue
I(p<0.05*;
(P<0.01**) Iand Ia Ipositive ICorrelation Iwith IAge I(r=0.508**), IHeight(r=0.492**)
IForearm Icircumference I(r=0.381*),Wrist Icircumference I(r=0.435*), IHand Ilength
I(r=0.382*), IPalm Ilength I(r=0.400*),Thumb Ilength I(r=0.480**), IIndex Ifinger Ilength
I(r=0.376*), IMiddle Ifinger Ilength I I I I(r=0.446*),Ring Ifinger Ilength I(r=0
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg)
Age .508**
Height .492**
Weight .351
BMI I- IBody IMass IIndex .062
Body IFat IPercentage -.171
Forearm ICircumference .381*
Forearm ILength .332
Wrist ICircumference I(cm) .435*
Hand ISize .330
Hand ILength .382*
Hand IShape .017
Palm Iwidth I(cm) .316
Palm Ilength I(cm) .400*
F3 ILength I- IMiddle IFinger ILength .212
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg) 1.000
Hand IGrip IS INDH Imean I(mm IHg) .872**
FS1- Ifinger Ispan I1 .247
FS2- Ifinger Ispan I2 .301
FS3- Ifinger Ispan I3 .326
FS4- Ifinger Ispan I4 .268
FS5- Ifinger Ispan I5 .226
TL I- IThumb ILength .480**
IFL- IIndex IFinger ILength .376*
MFL- IMiddle IFinger ILength .446*
RFL- IRing IFinger ILength .370*
LFL- ILittle IFinger ILength .357
P1 I- IPerimeter I1 .370*
P2- IPerimeter I2 .413*
P3- IPerimeter I3 .385*
P4- IPerimeter I4 .353
P5- IPerimeter I5 .344
*Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.05 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
**Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.01 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
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Graph I5.5 IShowing Icorrelation Ibetween Idifferent Iparameters Iand Idominant Ihand Igrip
Istrength Iof Ibasketball Iplayers.
In Ivolleyball Iplayers Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ihad Isignificant I(p<0.05*; Ip<0.01**)
Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith IHeight(r=0.373*), IWeight(r=0.448*), IForearm Icircumference
I(r=0.381*)
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg)
Age .133
Height .373*
Weight .448*
BMI I- IBody IMass IIndex .343
Body IFat IPercentage .105
Forearm ICircumference .381*
Forearm ILength .181
Wrist ICircumference I(cm) .271
Hand ISize .161
Hand ILength .129
Hand IShape .352
Palm Iwidth I(cm) .339
Palm Ilength I(cm) .061
F3 ILength I- IMiddle IFinger ILength .144
Hand IGrip IS IDH Imean I(mm IHg) 1.000
Hand IGrip IS INDH Imean I(mm IHg) .810**
FS1- Ifinger Ispan I1 .130
FS2- Ifinger Ispan I2 .083
FS3- Ifinger Ispan I3 .058
FS4- Ifinger Ispan I4 .095
FS5- Ifinger Ispan I5 -.020
TL I- IThumb ILength .240
IFL- IIndex IFinger ILength .260
MFL- IMiddle IFinger ILength .125
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)Age Height WeightBMI - Body Mass Index Body Fat Percentage Forearm Circumference
Forearm Length Wrist Circumference (cm) Hand SizeHand Length Hand Shape Palm width (cm)Palm length (cm) F3 Length - Middle Finger Length Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)
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RFL- IRing IFinger ILength .147
LFL- ILittle IFinger ILength .181
P1 I- IPerimeter I1 .212
P2- IPerimeter I2 .209
P3- IPerimeter I3 .160
P4- IPerimeter I4 .103
P5- IPerimeter I5 .135
*Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.05 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
**Correlation Iis Isignificant Iat Ithe I0.01 Ilevel I(2-tailed).
Graph I5.6 IShowing Icorrelation Ibetween Idifferent Iparameters Iand Idominant Ihand
Igrip Istrength Iof Ivolleyball Iplayers.
4. DISCUSSION
This Istudy Iwas Iconducted Ito Istudy Iassociation Ibetween Ihand, IForearm
Ianthropometrics Iand Ihandgrip Istrength Iin Ibasketball Iand Ivolleyball IPlayers Iusing
Imodified Isphygmomanometer.
According Ito Iresult Ifindings Iit Iwas Idrawn Ithat Iin Itotal Iplayers I(basketball I+volleyball)
IDominant Ihandgrip Istrength Ishowed Isignificance Iwith Iage, Iheight, Iweight I(which Iis
Iin IAgreement Iwith IKamrul I38et Ial Iwhere Ithey Inoted Isignificant Icorrelation I I Ibetween
Igrip I Istrength I Iand Iheight, Iweight Ibut Inot IBMI), Iforearm Icircumference I( Iwhich Iis
Iin Iagreement Iwith Ifindings Iof IFraser I39et Ial), Iwrist Icircumference I( Iwhich Iis Iin
Iagreement Iwith Ifindings Iof I IB.Ramakrishnan I40et Ial), Ipalm Iwidth( Iwhich Ipartially
Isupports Iand Ipartially Icontrasts Iwith Ithe Ifindings Iof IMacDermid Iet Ial Iwhere
Isignificant Icorrelation Iwere Inoted Ibetween Ihandgrip Istrength Iand Ihand Iwidth, Ihand
Ilength, Ihand Ispan Iof Irespective Isides Iin Ihealthy Ipeople), Ithumb Ilength I& Iindex
Ifinger Ilength I( Iwhich Iis Iin Iagreement Iwith Ifindings Isuggested Iby Ivisnapuu Iet Ial
I200719 I
But Iwhen Ithe Igroups Iwere Iindividually Iconsidered, IBasketball Iplayers Ishowed
Isignificant Ipositive Icorrelation Iof Idominant Ihandgrip Istrength Iwith Isome Iof Ithe Iabove
Iconsidered Iparameters I(age, Iheight, Iforearm Icircumference, Iwrist Icircumference, Ithumb
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)Age Height WeightBMI - Body Mass Index Body Fat Percentage Forearm CircumferenceForearm Length Wrist Circumference (cm) Hand SizeHand Length Hand Shape Palm width (cm)Palm length (cm) F3 Length - Middle Finger Length Hand Grip S DH mean (mm Hg)
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Ilength, Iindex Ifinger Ilength, Iperimeter I1&2) Iand Ihand Ilength, Ipalm Ilength, Imiddle
Ifinger Ilength, Iring Ifinger Ilength, Iperimeter3. IBut Iin Ivolleyball Iplayers Idominant
Ihandgrip Istrength Ishowed Isignificant Ipositive Icorrelation Iwith Ionly Isome Iof Ithe
Iparameters Iconsidered Ilike Iheight, Ia Iweight Iand Iforearm Icircumference. IThese
Idifferences Ibetween Ithe Igroups Ican Ibe Idue Ito Ithe Ispecific Itraining36 Igiven Iin Ithese
Isports Ior Idifferences Iin Ithe Ilevel Iof Itraining Idone Iby Ithe Idifferent Igroups Iwhich
Iwere Itaken Ifrom Idifferent Iresearch Isettings.
LIMITATION
Sample Isize Iwas Ismall Iwith Iage Igroup Iless Iwide Iand Irelation Ibetween Iarm
Ianthropometric Idata Iwith Igrip Istrength Iwas Inot Iderived
I I I IFUTURE ISTUDY
Biomechanics Iof Idifferent Isports Iwith Iwider Iage Igroup Ishould Ibe Iconsidered Iand Idata
Iof Inon Idominant Ihand Ianthroprometric Imeasurement Icould Ibe Itaken Ifor Ifuture
Iconsideration.
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