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Hydraulic
Fractures
and
HoriWells
Furqan Hussain
PTRL 2019 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
School
of
Petroleum
Engineering
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PTRL 2019 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Flowregimesforhydraulicfract
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Flow regimes for horizontal wells
Early time radial flow
Early time linear flow
Late time radial flow
Late time linear flow
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Horizontal Wells
j. L 1
OIL
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Horizontal wells
s rvo
ir het e
ro
g
n ity
- Horizontal wells contact a larger area of the reservoir than ve
rti
cal
wells. n reservoirs which display complex and difficult to predict
heterogeneity carbonates, channel point bar sands, braided stream
systems a
nd
reservoirs) , horizontal wells
ca
n connect regions
of high permeability rock which are separated by regions of w per
meability.
UNSW
TH L N V ~ S T V Of W SOU
TH W
L S
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Horizontal wells
s rvoi
r flow
pro l
em s
-
The
grea
ter
length of horizontal wells may res
ult
in smaller pressure
gradients increased productivity) when c
omp
ared to vert ical wells
flo
wing at the sa
me
rate. This can be importa
nt
in allowing produc
t i
on
of heavier crudes at economi
ca
l rat es a
nd
reducing or completely
eli
min
ation
th
e detrirnental effect s of wa
ter
a
nd
gas coning.
- n sands where wa
ter
coning is a problem horizontal wells can be placed
near
the top
of the
sa
nd increasing the vertical dist ance
bet
ween the
perforations a
nd the
water-oil contact and therefore increasing recov
ery w
hen
compared with a ve
rti
cal well in
th
e
sa ne sa
nd. Recovery is
also
in
creas
ed
because
the
cone for a similar sit uation exist s in a
sand
su
bje
ct
to
gas coning with
the
horizontal well being placed at
the
base
of
the sa
nd.
- n low permeability reservoirs it is possible
to
place multiple t ransverse
fractures along the length of the well a
nd
gr
ea
tly increase
produ
ct ivity
over
th
at
po
ssible with a verti
ca
l well.
UNSW
TH L N V ~ S T V Of W SOU
TH W
L S
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Horizontal well in a compartmentalized reservoir
O L
UNSW
l [ VNf\. tR SITV
f
N[\1
SOUT
\ vAlfS.
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Horizontal wells in stratified reservoirs
t
4360
4400
500
75 1 125 15 175 2
Distance along the section It
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Long-reach horizontal wells
designer well with turns n the
horizontal
plane
.
Adapted from Teel reference 2.)
U SW
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Drainage areas for horizontal and vertical wells in a fractured reservoir
r l
L _
kx
L ky kx
VERTICAL WELL
FR CTURES
UNSW
T \ ~ 1 \ . f R S I W r
M\ 1/ TH
WI\LCS
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Drainage areas for isotropic reservoirs
Horizontal well
Vertical well
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Drainage areas for isotropic reservoirs
L
2ye
xe= ye
Av = (2xe)(2ye)
2xe
xe xe
2ye
Ah = L(2ye) +Av
VERTICAL WELL
HORIZONTAL WELL
0
I
-.
UNSW
H liNI\ Ul.Sin r 1\,(W SOlilH V.."LES
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Drainage areas for horizontal wells
... K
2490 1
WELL LENGTH 1
000
ft
DRAINAGE AREA74ocres
I 6 7
WELL LENGTH
2000 ft
DRAINAGE AREA 10 8
acres
ly, :1
2.34
1
y, 1490