World History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide2017Paleolithic/Neolithic Ages Terms:PaleolithicNeolithicCatal Hyuck JerichoHominidLucyHomosapienAnimismMigrationNomadKey Questions and Concepts1. Know about Lucy the Hominid. What do her remains tell about the evolution of man?2. What technique is used for studding the evolution of humans3.Know the major accomplishments of the Paleolithic age. What is the most amazing of all their accomplishments?4. Know the evolution of tools from simple stone to bronze and Iron. 5. How does each development advances a culture?6 .Be able to describe Neolithic agriculture techniques where did Neolithic societies first form?7. What the does Jericho, Catel Hyuk, and Puma Pumka tell about the advancement of Neolithic cities.8. Know Neolithic technologies9. Know the 5 elements of civilizations10. Why was Sumer the first Civilization11. Why is Sumer the beginning of History?12. Be able to distinguish the geography around the Nile, Indus Yellow and Tigress Euphrates13. Compare and contrast Egypt and Mesopotamian societies in terms of conflicts14 What would lead to the Indus and Yellow Valley river systems to require more irrigation that those found in the Middle East?15.What was the name of the first emperor of the Tigress Euphrates region16. Know about Hammurabi’s code, and how it compares with Mosaic Law. How could this be an example of cultural diffusion?

Post Classical Civilizations and Rome

Patricians Plebeians Twelve Tables (tablets)Julius Caesar ConstantineAugustusNeroConstantinople MosaicsPax Romana Gentiles Paul Aqueducts

Hunter/GatherForgingMesopotamiaFertile CrescentCradle of civilizationHarappaYellow River CivilizationRiver Valley CivilizationClassical CivilizationsPost Classical CivilizationsCultural DiffusionHammurabiBabylonSumerCuneiform

Byzantine Empire Tributary systemGoths Barrel VaultKeystoneArchFriezeDoricIonianCorinthianRepublicPrincipate (Empire)

Classical Civilization and Rome’s Mediterranean Empire 753BCE – 476CE What is the major difference between River Valley Civilizations and that of Classical Civilizations

1. What was the Roman creation legend? How did 1. How did Rome’s creation legend contribute to influence Roman Identity2. How did Rome become a Republic (507BCE-31BCE), how did it function and Why would it not be considered a democracy? 3. What was the status and role of Roman women? 4. Why (and how) did the Roman Republic Expand? What were some examples? of Roman flexibility? 5. After over 400 years, why did the Republic fail? 6. What reforms did Julius Caesar make to earn support? Who was loyal to Caesar? 7. How did Octavian/Augustus reorganize the Republic? Principate”? Explain the Pax Romana8. How did the Roman Empire become a “commonwealth of peoples”?What were conquered people required to adopt as new Romans?10. What would new territories receive as becoming part of the Roman Empire? 11. What appeal did Jesus (of Nazareth) have for the Jews, slaves and the poor? 12. What political reason could Constantine have for creating a “universalist” religion?13. Know Roman technology, architecture elements and arts14. Analyze the political & economic causes of the 3rd century decline and how did Constantine attempt to reform the Empire? 15. Why did only the western half of the Empire collapse (by 476CE)? 16. Who were the Goths? Why would they finally attack Rome?17. Explain why the end of the Roman Western Empire lead Western Europe into a “dark ages.”18. In what ways did technology and a central empire help spread Christianity?19. When was the official year Rome fell?20. Know the internal and external reasons for the fall of Rome21. Know elements of Sprite of Rome22. Know the Legacy of Rome how we use Roman ideas today?

River Valley Civilizations: How geography influence Civilization

Mesopotamia – Geography open land between Tigress Euphrates Rivers Leads to constant warfare. Civilizations include: Sumerians, Babylonians, Hittites, Israelites, Assyrians and more

Sumer first civilization, Cuneiform writing, and beginning of history and Civilization about 6000 years ago. Temples pyramid structures called Ziggurats -

PolytheismIs developed

Babylon Hammurabi’s code - first written laws

7 Wonders of the World: Hanging Gardens, Tower of BabbleJewish enslavement by Nebbacaneza

Egypt – United kingdom along the Nile River. Yearly flooding makes for great farming. Relative peace. Result - great building!!

India Indus River Valley - Rocky geography, more irrigation needed, isolated areas local ruleInvaded by Aryan India adopts their religion foundations of Hinduism

China Yellow River. Surrounded by ocean, desert, Jungle and mountains, Isolated from world.Middle Kingdom - Center of Universe distain for outside world. Most ethnocentricMandate (authority) of Heaven – God gives permission to rule, must rule in the interest of people or lose mandate

Middle Ages 500 – 1300 Western and Eastern Europe, The Middle East and the CrusadesTerms and People

excommunication ––friar –St. Francis of Assisi –Constantinople Justinian –Justinian’s Code/ The Corpus Juris Civilis, autocrat – a sole ruler with absolute powerRobert the Monk -Urban the 2nd -Alexius the 1st -JerusalemChurch of the Holy SeplicureDome of the RockWestern/Wailing WallIconHagia SophiaJustinianTheodora

feudalism –Manorialismvassal –feudal contract –fief – knight – chivalry –manor –serf – sacrament –Benedictine Rule secular – papal supremacy –canon law –

Key Questions and Concepts

1-Know how the fall of Rome and its central government led to the Dark Ages2-Explain how feudalism shaped medieval society.3-Analyze how the economic system of the manor worked and how it affected peasants and nobles4-Why under Feudalism was their much fighting and confusion5-Explain how the Church shaped medieval life.6-Understand monastic life and the influence of medieval monks and nuns.7-Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the middle Ages 8-Describe the situation of Jews in medieval Europe.9-Show the secular and church social and political hierarchy10-In what ways did the Church contribute to a lack of knowledge during the Dark Ages11-Understand why Constantinople became known as the “New Rome.”12-Summarize the ways in which the Byzantine Empire flourished under Justinian.13-Analyze how Christianity in the Byzantine Empire differed from Christianity in the West.14-Explain why the Byzantine Empire collapsed, and examine the empire’s lasting heritage.15-Be able to compare and contrast art of the Western Empire with that of the Byzantine Empire16-Be able to compare and contrast Church architecture between the Western and Eastern Empire17-Give three reasons Alexius the 1st requested help from Urban the 2nd

18-Know Urban the 2nd motives for helping Alexius19-Why was Jerusalem so important to Christians, Muslims and Jews20-Be able to analyze why Urban the 2nd speech was so effective21-Describe at least 3 benefits one would get if they went on the Crusade22-What crimes were committed during the Peasant Crusade?23-What was the outcome of the first crusade?24-Be able to describe why 7 Crusades over 200 years still affect us today

Rise of Islam and Islamic Empires Part 1 Study SheetTerms/People and Places

ArabiaSaudi ArabiaArabPersiaBedouinMohammadIslamMuslim

1. Who were the Bedouins? Where were they located? Why did they fight so often?2. What two instances showed Mohammad as a uniter?3. How did Islam differ from Bedouin's previous religion?4. Why did monotheism unite the Bedouins and other followers?5. What was the moral and ethical component to Islam6. Why did the Mecca's kick Mohammad out of Mecca7. Describe the war between Mohammad and the Meccan's why was Mohammad able to win?8. What did Mohammad do when he captured Mecca that was surprising?9. Why did Mohammad destroy the towns idols.

KabbaDome of the RockMedinaQuranSharia5 PillarsHajj"People of the book"RevelationProphetSunniShiiteImamCaliphCaliphateMahdiMecca

10. What is the Kabba, Where is it located?11 What was its importance before and after Islam11. Describe the Five Pillars12. Describe Mohammad's Midnight Journey13. Why does this Mohammad's ride tie Jerusalem to Islam?14. Why is the Dome of the Rock second holiest site in Islam?15. What is Sharia Law? Why is it controversial today?16. What was the cause for split or schism resulting in the Sunni and Shiite17. What groups make up the Sunni and Shiite. Who is in the majority today?18. What were two major contributions to Islam made by Abu Bkar following Muhhmad's death?19. Describe Mosque architecture. What influences for Byzantium can be found?20. What is the highest form of Islam art and why. Why is poetry so revered?21. Why are there no animals humans or landscapes in Islam art?

Split in Islam

Sunnis – Believed any wise devout Muslim can be Caliph 85 percent of modern Islam (worldwide)Shiite – Believe the Caliph should be based on blood 15 percent of modern Islam Mostly centered line to Muhammad in Iran/Iraq and Syria

1. What was the reason for ambiguity for the legitimate successor to Muhammad? Muhammad had no sons and left no instructions for his successor

2. What is the importance of Abu Bakr? He reunited Arab tribes under Islam and instituted Muhammad as the final Prophet and Allah as God

3. What was Importance of Umar? Expanded the empire and taking advantage of weakness of Rome and the Sassanians. Pact of Umar (People of the Book)

4. How did all the caliphs except Abu Bakr came to power? by assination5. Following the death of Ali, what caused the Sunni Shiite Split? See above

Topic: Teachings of Islam Continued: Sharia Law, Sunni Shiite Schism & Islamic Art and Mosque Architecture

1. What is Sharia Law?System of Islamic Law

2. How was it developed?Over time Interpreted from the Quran, Life and behaviors of Muhammad & traditions

3. Why is Sharia Law that of a theocracy? Islamic Law covers: government, civil, religious, moral law

4. How did Islam impact women from Muhammad’s teachings?Woman could inherit property, refuse marriage and be educated.Still patriarchal Inherit less property than men and harder to divorce.

5. How did its development Islam differ from the original teachings of Muhammad?Woman’s education, destruction of cultural art (not idols) intolerance towards people of the book and other faiths

6. Give an example of cultural diffusion causing this change?Persia’s custom of wearing veils.

7. Give examples of how the Taliban go against Mohammad’s original teachings.Shooting of the 14 year old Afghan girl wanting to go to school, Destruction of the Afghan Buddha

Building Muslim Empire/Divisions Emerge

Caliph – Successor of Muhammad (like the Catholic Pope)Abu Bakr – Muhammad’s father in law first Caliph. Began uniting tribes and expansion of land. Taught others not to worship Muhammad only Allah

Caliphate – Land under Islamic controlMahdi – Final Caliph to usher in a worldwide caliphate

Islamic Art: Calligraphy is the highest form/ Geometric shapes and floral patternsNo humans, animals or landscapesMosques – Domes richly ornate inside and out. No chairs Pray matsMinarets - 4 towers call to pray

Literature – Poetry is most revered due to M time with the Beduine. 1001 Nights Ali Baba and 40 Thieves and Aladdin Show excesses and lessons from Abbasid Empire

In Jerusalem, the Umayyads built the first major mosque, the Dome of

the Rock, on the site of Solomon's Temple (and the place where Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac). They began building it in 687 AD and finished it in 691 AD.

1. Who who built the dome of the Rock: Umayyads 2. Why is it the 3rd holy site for Muslims? Place where Muhammad ascended to heaven on

a golden ladder. Place where Abraham offered “ Ishmael” not Isaac for sacrifice

The Umayyad advance was eventually stopped in several places. In the West, the Romans stopped Islamic attacks against Constantinople in 674-678 and again in 717 AD. The Frank Charles Martel, grandfather of Charlemagne, turned back a series of Islamic raids into France in 732 AD. In the East, the Islamic Empire came up against the Tang Dynasty Chinese, who were also expanding their empire at this time. Though the Arabs won a great battle against the Chinese in 751, near Samarkand in Central Asia, the border stayed about the same from then on.

1. What ended the Empir? Expansion was stopped in France by Charles MartleNever made in roads into conquering chinaBy 750 AD all caliphs were taken over by the Abbasids all men killed by Abbasids except one survivor - flees to Spain will conquer Spain.

The Abbasid Empire - The Golden Age of IslamMosque at Samarra (849 AD)

In 750 AD, the Umayyad caliphs were replaced by the Abbasid caliphs, who murdered all of the surviving Umayyad men but one. The Abbasids were less interested in the Mediterranean coast than the Umayyads had been, and the Abbasids therefore tended to concentrate more on the plains of Iraq and Iran, and less on the coast: Israel, Syria, and Lebanon, and Egypt. In 762 AD the Abbasids moved their capital from Damascus in Syria to the new city of Baghdad (the h is silent) in Iraq (which is still the capital of Iraq today). This shift can be seen as another example of the West Asian conflict between an orientation toward the land and an orientation toward the sea. Baghdad was soon a big international city, where people spoke Aramaic, Arabic, and Persian. Many different groups of people lived there: Arabs, Persians, Jews, and Greeks. Many different gods were worshipped: there were Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians, in addition to the Islamic majority. By the 800s Baghdad probably had nearly half a million people (that is half as big as Rome during the Roman Empire), and was the largest city in the world outside of China. By 1000 CE nearly 2 million people occupied Bagdad.Questions: How did the Abbasids came to power see above. Where did they move their capital? From Damascus Syria To Bagdad Modern day IraqWhy was the Abbasid Empire considered the Golden Age of Islam? International city, learning encouraged, Universities, Hospitals, people of the book. A city of up to two million. Expansion of Empire, Architecture and art. Scientific discoveries. Extreme wealth from trade and conquest

Entry into Spain: By 711 CE Spain was fighting and eventually ruled by the Moors. Background: The one surviving

Umayyad man fled from Damascus around the Mediterranean to Spain, where he founded the Umayyad Caliphate of Spain, and he and his successors ruled Spain for many years. They were called Moors and contributed to Spain’s architecture, science and learning. The Moors were expelled from Spain in 1492.1. Who were the Moors?Muslims who controlled much of Spain from 711 AD – 1492 AD2. What did they contribute to Spain? Moorish Architecture, Art, learning3 How were the Moors expelled? The Reconquistitor Re Conquest of Spain 1492

Area of study: Roots of Judaism Location: scattered around the Fertile Crescent Modern Day Iraq/ Israel Jerusalem Capital City Israel1000, BCE First kingdom established

Social Political Religious intellectual Interaction Technology Economic

Man begin to dominate over women as civilization and temple life became complex

Patriarchal Division of Labor Women look after children and home. Men are the priest, warriors, and scholars.Artisans, farmers etc.

Temple Center of Society

12 Tribes of Israel united by King DavidBuilds first temple

1000 BCE2nd temple built by SolomonDestroyed by Rome

Conquered by Egypt and Babylon and kept as slavesPersians would free Slaves

First monotheistic Abstract god

Abraham offers to sacrifice his son. Leads to a Covent (agreement that jews are god's chosen people

Moses receives gods law writes the Torah, 5 books of Moses.

Rabbi Leader of Synagogue10 Commandants

First Abstract/monotheistic God

Torah or Pentaduke – 5 books of Moses law and ethics

613 MitzvahsSpecific if then laws on all aspects of society

Scholarship and debate valued

Ethics and the law are one

Egyptians,BabylonianRoman captivity

Diaspora – Jews scattered across the world

Judeo Christian tradition ideals of the west.

David and Solomon builds temple complex in Jerusalem

Arch of the covenant said to have magical powers

Small trade,

Temple system is the center of commerce and religion.

Trade not as religion

1000, BC Jews were nomadic tribes living in the Fertile Crescent2000 Years ago the diasporasImpact the root that created Christianity and Islam

Topic : The Rise of Chrisianity. Note from "Christianity Conqures Rome” & Supplemental information1. Romans were polytheistic. They had a god for all aspects of life. They believed the gods were among them and could interact with them. Jupiter was the main God. Many belong to mystery cults such "Isis" and "Mythara" The emperor was a both political and religious figure.

2. Christian Beliefs: A. Jesus was born by imacculate conception. His mother the Virgin MaryB. Jesus is the fullfulment of Jewish prophesy as the messiah or savior. C. (Protestant) Through Christ and faith alone you get to Heaven.

(Roman Catholic) Through Christ and faith and required Church sacrements: Baptism, Communion, Last Rights, confessionD . Religion is monotheistic, D. Jesus is god: E. The Holy Trinity: father, son, holy spirit. F. Died on the cross to take the sin of humanity. G. The Bible or New Testement (Holy Book) is a collection of books assembeled by Constine at the Council of Nicea 325 AD.

3. Jews were accepted by Romans in part that 1. their reliogion was older than the Roman Empire. The Romans respect history. 2. Jews did not seek converts. 3. Rome occupied Isreal

4. 71 AD Rome destroys Jureslem after a Jewish revolt. Result: Jews dispersed from Jureslem. Western or Wailing Wall all that remains of the Temple. Holiest place for Jews is the Wailing Wall.

5. Chirstians were seen as dangerous in that 1. Chrisianity was a new religion, 2.Their leader (Jesus) was a exicuted criminal. 3. They sought converts 4. Their god was above the emperor. 5. The religion attracted slaves and the poor in all were equal in the after life. Christians were monothesitic and could not worship any other god let alone the emperor.

6. Persicution of eary Christians - Nero wanted to build his Golden Palace. He burnt down part of Rome (the great fire 64AD) He used the Christians as scape goats. Christians were martaryed ( martar - to die for your religion) by animals, cruxifixion, torture. As a result Christians moved under ground and worshiped in secret, causing more suscpicion and persicution.

6. St. Peter was the succsor to jesus ("the rock") first pope. Nero arrested Peter. When Cruxified peter request to be cruxified upside down in that he was not worthy to to be exicutued like Jesus. Peter's and other mayrters faith inspired many new converts.7. Paul - A roman persicutor of Jesus would convert and be responsible for spreading Chrisianity and the seperation from

judeaism.

8. The christians used the Roman trade routes and roads to spread their religion allowing the religion to spread at the time world wide.

Constantine, who was the 1. first Roman emperor to embrace and practice Christianity, 2. legalized making the religion the Roman Empire State Religion. 3. He assembled the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD to decide which books

would be included in the Bible. 4. He sent his 80 year old Mother Helen to Jerusalem to find the historical site of Jesus crucifixion and burial. 5. He created the Church of the Holy Sepulcher on that spot. 6. He would divide the empire moving the capital to Constantinople in the east creating the Byzantine empire that would last until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

Early Middle Ages

Terms and People

Key Questions and Concepts

1-Know how the fall of Rome and its central government led to the Dark Ages

No central law or government. No protection, Infrastructure decays, cities not safe. Church dogma and doctrine keep lay people illiterate. Trade stops. People move from cities to the country. Germanic Kingdoms pop up with a government of feudalism

ClovisCharlemeneConstantineJustinianfeudalism –Manorialismpapal supremacy –canon law –

vassal –fief – knight – chivalry –manor –serf – sacrament –

2-Explain how feudalism shaped medieval society.Germanic Kingdoms sprang up. Mutually loyalty and obligation traded land for service, military, crafts, food. Mixed loyalties, much warfare3-Analyze how the economic system of the manor worked and how it affected peasants and nobles

The more manors a noble had the richer they would become. Peasants gave food in return for shelter and protection Peasants paid taxes and 10% to the church.

4-Why under Feudalism was their much fighting and confusionMixed loyalties among lords and vassals lesser lords. Battles for land

5-Explain how the Church shaped medieval life.The church was the center of Medieval Life. A priest or bishop was needed for sacraments from birth to death: baptism, Eucharist, marriage, sickness, penance, and last rites for death. Cathedrals would be built to create economic tourism, Relics would bring pilgrims, and the main pilgrimage would be to Jerusalem which would lead to the Crusades.

6-Understand monastic life and the influence of medieval monks and nuns.Daily prayer, working in the fields, wine and bear, crops. Manuscripts: the copying of books and the bible. Flailing self-mutilation, Gregorian Chants (music) Monasteries became profitable. 10 percent of the population became monks or Nuns. Modeled poverty piety and humility.

7-Analyze how the power of the Church grew during the Middle Ages.

Papal Supremacy made the pope and the church above any secular leaders. They controlled vast amounts of land. They had their own soldiers. Since only church members were educated they were needed and used in kings and nobles, lord’s governments.Cannon law provided the church with separate law all must follow. The threat of excommunication was the worst punishment of all. An Interdict could exclude a whole town or kingdom from receiving sacraments.

8-Describe the situation of Jews in medieval Europe.Faced anti-Semitism, often blamed for natural disasters. Kicked out of Spain and dispersed in the Diaspora, Killed by Crusades in Germany. Limited in occupations, yet popes turned to Jews based on their education. Jews migrated to Eastern Europe and would face anti-Semitism there.9-Show the secular and church social and political hierarchy (see pyramid chart)10-In what ways did the Church contribute to a lack of knowledge during the Dark AgesChurch dogma and doctrine limited literacy by having mass in Latin a language people did not understand. People had to follow cannon law, going against church teachings was to be a heretic, which was punishable by excommunication, exile and death. Example Galileo and Giovani Bruno11-Understand why Constantinople became known as the “New Rome.”Roads spread through the empire. Justinian Code provided unified law. Strong central government and a strong military. Great buildings and public works.12-Summarize the ways in which the Byzantine Empire flourished under Justinian.He was an autocrat. He rebuilt the city. Created the Hagia Sophia. Justinian’s code, military conquest, wealth. Education and art.13-Analyze how Christianity in the Byzantine Empire differed from Christianity in the West.

West ByzantiumPriests can’t marry Priest can marryPope Emperor and Religious leader is the sameLatin Religious Language no one knows Greek language all knowChristmas most important Easter more important than ChristmasLater:High Middle Ages Study Notes and Study Guide

What were causes of the Black Death (bubonic plague)? Famine in the early 14th Century (1300s)Starvation and depopulation. People already were sick and weakDisease spreads from Mongol Empire expansionRats spread the disease from China who were trading with the Middle East Finally being carried back to Europe

A Chinese Junk which rats easily boarded to spread disease

Effects of the Black DeathSociety Breaks Down Some turn to witchcraftothers see this as punishment from godPriests are not around to give last rightsArt reflects the horrors of the afterlife

(Bring out your dead) The weepers – traveling survivors would travel from town to town flailing themselves in penance

Anti Semitism and the Black Plague: As the plague swept across Europe in the mid-14th century, annihilating nearly half the population, Jews were taken as scapegoats, in part because isolation

in the ghettos meant in some places that Jews were less affected.[1][2] Accusations spread that Jews had caused the disease by deliberately poisoning wells.[3][4]

The first massacres directly related to the plague took place in April 1348 in Toulon, France, where the Jewish quarter was sacked, and forty Jews were murdered in their homes, then in Barcelona.[5] In 1349, massacres and persecution spread across Europe, including the Erfurt massacre (1349), the Basel massacre, massacres in Aragon, and Flanders.[6][7] 900 Jews were burnt alive on 14 February 1349 in the "Valentine's Day" Strasbourg massacre, where the plague had not yet affected the city.[8] Many hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed in this period. Of the 510 Jewish communities so destroyed in this period, some killed

themselves to avoid the persecutions

ART - Art would reflect the horrors of the Plague and the feeling of damnation. Notice Realism returns to art! why?????Realism returns!! – Breakdown in Hierachy chronicle what is happaning Hieronymus Bosch

Dante's Inferno Dante's Inferno (1314)Dante's Inferno, widely hailed as one of the great classics of Western literature, details Dante's journey through the nine circles of Hell. The voyage begins during Easter week in the year 1300, the descent through Hell starting on Good Friday. After meeting his guide, the eminent Roman poet Virgil, in a mythical dark wood, the two poets begin their descent through a baleful world of doleful shades, horrifying tortures, and unending lamentation. All of Dante’s work on The Comedy (later called The Divine Comedy, and consisting of three books: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso) was done after his exile. He completed Inferno, which depicts an allegorical journey through Hell, around 1314. Dante roamed from court to court in Italy, writing and occasionally lecturing, until his death from a sudden illness in 1321.

Why have we not heard of the effect of the plague in parts of the world other than Europe?China had less written history on the subject and because we are from the West we focus on the West.Since the Plague started in China, What was the effect in China:1331, an outbreak erupted in the Yuan Empire; it may have hastened the end of Mongol rule over China. In 1334, this disease killed 5 million people in Hebei Province - about 90% of the population.As of 1200, China had a total population of more than 120 million, but a 1393 census found only 65 million Chinese surviving. Some of that missing population was killed by famine and upheaval in the transition from Yuan to Ming rule, but many millions died of bubonic plague.

Economic Crisis* Survivors want higher wages, more money is printed leading to inflation or the lessoning the value of money. Villagers were forced off the land* Towns had limited employment due to guilds (trade unions today)* Many feared to come back to cities.* Peasants led revolts and were often savagely suppressed.* It would take over hundred years to recover

Church Splits (not the same as the split between the west and the east)* Weakened church leaders move Papal Court to Avignon France* Accused of lavish living and corruption reformers chose a 2nd pope and even a 3rd pope. (the true Vicar of Christ) 1417 at the council of Constance in Germany all popes are removed from power with the Papal Court to return to Rome

Ring around the rosy a pocket full of posies

*Who gained power? – Ultimately Rome of course in that would be the center of the Christian Church.

Responding to Hersey* John Wycliffe accused the church of corruption, He translated the bible in English * All you need is the bible not the church. * Follows such as Jan Hus and his followers the Hussites did the same.  Jan Hus, who was condemned by the Council of Constance (1414–18) and burned at the stake. After his death in 1415 many Bohemian knights and nobles published a formal protest and offered protection to those who were persecuted for their faith. 

* The church persecuted Wycliffe's followers, the Hussites many were burned at the steak. * 100 years later Martin Luther would lead the Protestant Reformation based on these ideas

Hundred year war 1337 – 1453 England vs. Francelong term Rivals First over territory later over Religion Causes:* Long time rivals* English want lands owned by Norman ancestors* French power grows* Edward the 3rd who’s mother was a French princess claims French thrown war breaks out* Control for the English Channel* Economic Power and National pride keeps war goingNew Weapons:English Long bow give them an advantage by shooting and being out of range of the French.

French use of cannons (originally from China) will end the war. French extend power to conquer more landJoan of Arc - 17 year old French girl has vision she can lead the French to victory. King Charles authorizes her

to head an army against the British.Joan led the French to several victoriesTaken by allies of the English she is tried by the English for witchcraft and burned at the steak. Joan would later be a catholic saint.

Impact of the 100 Years warFrench Power Rises leading to absolutism

English power shifts to parliamentCannons end the castle and fortified walls. More use of diplomacyDiplomacy and war will continue

1453 Constantinople's impenetrable walls falls to the Muslims by use of cannons (same year as end of 100 year war.) (the cannon ended both)This Cannon was invented by a Turk and first went to the Byzantine Emperor. He declined.It was then sold to the Muslims. The cannon could

only be fired 3 times a because it got so hot it needed time to cool down. The cannon was first invented by the Chinese roughly 1128

Magna Carta 1215 CEBarons of England and King John to sign the Magna Carta (great Charter) Forced to divide his power due to abuses of raising taxes before consulting the barons, and failing in military campaigns led to these reforms.

The Church - The Church was to be free from royal interference, especially in the election of bishops

Taxes - No taxes except the regular feudal dues were to be levied, except by the consent of the Great Council, or Parliament

The right to due process which led to Trial by Jury

Weights and Measures - All weights and measures to be kept uniform throughout the realmImportance: Creation of English Parlimentled to the basis of separation of church and state (Kind of for us anyway)American system of justice (due process) Jury Trialsdivision of power between a king and Parliament (NO Absolute Power)

High Middle Ages Study Guide:

Black Death Plague, pgs 83 -85 and 88 - 891. What was cause of the Plague. What time period and locations did the Plague effect? 2. What were the political, social, and economic effects it had on Europe and China?Upheaval in the Church Pgs. 84 -85 - Great (Papal) Schism Europe: Western Schism, also called Great Schism, or Great WesternWhat was the Great Schism? What were the causes how was it resolved ?

1. Why was John Wycliffe and the Jan Jus dangerous to the catholic Church? 2. What is heresy. How did the church deal with heretics?Hundred Years War pgs 85- 872. What and when was the Hundred Years War? What were causes for the Hundred Year War3. Who was Joan of Arc? Why was she tried for witchcraft? What was the result?4. What invention helped England early on?5. What invention ended the war and who won.6. Describe the impact of the Hundred years war ?Dante's inferno pg. 791. What is the basic storyline of Dante's inferno?2. How is Hell represented?3. How did this work shape peoples view of Hell?The English Magna Carta 1215 pgs. 60 - 61 & pg. 641. Describe how the Magna Carta came to be signed by King John of England and Barons2. Know the key points of the MC that influenced our system of government today3. How did the MC Change English Government4. Why would the Magna Carta make England different from all other Monarchies?

Crusades (Pope Urban's Speech including background, Pilgrims in Arms, my notes on movie)1. Give three reasons Alexius the 1st requested help from Urban the 2nd

2. What were the conditions of Christians living in Muslim occupied lands?3. By the year the end of the first millennium how has western Europe evolved from the early middle ages4. Describe the role of the Church and peoples outlook on religion.5. Know Urban the 2nd political motives for helping Alexius 6. How did Alexius realize Urban's motives for helping 7. Why was Jerusalem so important to Christians, 8. Be able to analyze why Urban the 2nd speech was so effective9. Describe at least 3 benefits one would get if they went on the Crusade10. What was the Peasant Crusade and who was Peter the Hermit11. What in Urban's speech would move peasants to join the crusade12. What crimes were committed during the Peasant Crusade?13. What was the result of the peasant crusade?14. What two ways did Alexius out smart Urban when Urban's army came to Constantinople15. Why were Antioch, and Nicaea important battles during the Crusades17. At what city did cannibalism take place? What conditions could have led to that atrocity18. Howlong a journey was it to finally come to Jerusalem.19. Describe the Siege of Jerusalem of 1096 (Primary Source)20. According to Monk Fulcher what happened when the Knights entered Jerusalem.21. What was the outcome of the first crusade?22. Who was Saladin? Why did he cause the 3nd and third Crusades?23. In the Third Crusade why was the meeting between Saladin and Richard the Lion Heart unusual24. What was the outcome of the Third Crusade25. Be able to describe why the Crusades over 200 years still affect us today

Protestant Reformation

Identify and or define for historical significance

Martin LutherDiet of Wormstheocracyindulgences Wittenberg 95 ThesisPope Leo XProtestant ReformationPeasant RevoltPeace of AugsburgJohannes GuttenbergHenry V111

1. How Martin Luther efforts to reform the Catholic Church change European Society2. Be able to define and explain with examples the concept of Humanism in relation to Martin Luther3. Know the causes which lead to Luther’s’ posting of his 95 Thesis4. How did the printing press lead to the expansion of Luther’s popularity5. How did Luther’s view of Faith differ from the Catholic church6. Know why the there was a peasant revolt and how Luther felt about it7. Why did the pope excommunicate Luther and what his reaction was8. Know what the Diet of Worms was about, and what Luther meant by his quote “Here I stand for I can do no other.”9. Why was Luther “kidnapped” and how did he spend his time under Fredrick’s protection?10. What would be the ideas Luther came up with for his church that differed from the Catholic Church?11. What was the Peace of Augsburg?12. What were the Reforms of the Catholic Reformation13. What reforms did Luther make to his Church and followers known as Protestants?14. What were the long term legacy of the Protestant Reformation

15. Explain the cause and effects of Henry the Vlll breaking from the Catholic Church

Renaissance Period Identify terms and definitions and historical significance

FlorenceRaphael Julius 2ndBaldassare Castiglione Niccolò Machiavelli Petrarch

1. What was the time period of the Renaissance?

2. Know the origins of the Renaissance: (Crusades, Italy Geography, etc.)What were the ideals of the Renaissance? 3. Know why the city states of Italy led to beginning of the Renaissance4. Explain the ideals of Humanism. Why are these values a departure from that of the Middle Ages?5. Be able to explain how the Renaissance marked the transition from medieval times to the early modern world.6. Know the concept of humanism and be able to give examples of how it shaped the Renaissance.7. Know the importance of banking and credit in leading to the great wealth of the Merchants.8. What roles did wealthy Italian Merchants play during the Renaissance?

Know how the values of art shifted from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance9. Be able to give examples of art from the leading artists and inventors of the day10. How did classical architecture influence the architecture of the Renaissance? Give examples11. Know what was unique about the book “The Prince” by Machiavelli” and why it is considered Humanist12. Be able to describe why science was still very dangerous during the Renaissance13. What was the Scientific Revolution? Give examples of people, Ideas and inventions during this period14. Be able to identify works of Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo de Vinci, Van Eke and others presented during class.15. How did architecture change as a result of the Renaissance from the Middle Ages? What was the reason for the change?16. Know the long lasting legacy of the Renaissance time period

Medicipatron perspective Leonardo De Vinci Michelangelo City State