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Unconsciousness & Steps to Perform
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.
Malaysian Red CrescentSMK Hillcrest
By: Staff Sergeant Mohd Syameer Firdaus (5 Alpha 2012)
Private Amirul Fakhri (3 Amal 2012)
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What is unconsciousness?
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complete or near-complete lack of
responsiveness
unaware of both selfand external
surroundings
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Unconsciousness vs
sleeping
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The difference between being asleep and
being unconsciousness is that anunconscious person will not wake up.
Unconsciousness is a medical emergency
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Why the fuss?
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When someone goes unconscious, they loosemuscle toneo This means they go all floppy like a rag doll
The tongue (a muscle) can block their airway when itlooses muscle toneo This is known colloquially as swallowing your own tongue
In addition, loss of control over their stomachmuscles can cause stomach contents (vomit) totravel back up to the throat which can block theairway
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What is the airway?
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The airway is a series of tubeswhich caries air from your mouth
& nose to your lungs
It can become blocked by thetongue and regurgitation ofstomach contents
This will stop the casualty frombreathing
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Helping someone who is
unconscious
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You can use the mnemonic DR ABC to rememberwhat to do!
If you suspect someone is unconscious, do not leavethem!
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Introduction (2)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid technique tohelp people who suffer a cardiac arrest (their heart stopsbeating).
It involves doing chest compressions and rescue breaths tokeep the casualty alive until a defibrillatorarrives.
A defibrillator is an electrical device which can be used to helprestart someones heart.
CPR on its own is unlikely to restart someones heart, however itwill increase the chance of a defibrillator being successful.
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Patient assessment
If you find someone collapsed, you canuse the mnemonic DR ABC to help
you remember what to do
Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.
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D: Danger
Ensure there are no dangers to yourself, otherbystanders or the casualty
Ask yourself - why has the casualtycollapsed? Are there any hazards? Am I atrisk?
Dangers could include: moving vehicles,
electricity, water, other people and smoke/fire Only help if it is safe to do so
Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.
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R: Response
Try and wake the casualty up - are theyresponsive?
Kneel by his/her head, shout loudly inboth ears and tap them on theshoulders
If no response, the casualty isunconscious
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At this point
If a casualty does not wake up they areunconscious.
This is an emergency situation Try and attract attention to yourself/the
casualty by shouting for help However, DO NOT leave the casualty
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A: Airway
The airway is the tube which takes airfrom the mouth/nose to the lungs
When a casualty is unconscious, theirtongue can fall backwards and blocktheir airway.
This can cause an obstruction and stopthe casualty from breathing
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A: Airway
To open someones airway, place onehand on their forehead and tilt their
head backwards Then place two fingers on the bony part
of their chin and lift it. This is known as the head tilt, chin lift
maneuver.
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B: Breathing
Keep your hands on the personshead/chin
Place your cheek above their mouthand look at their chest
Look, listen and feel for regularbreathing for up to 10 seconds.
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C: Call an ambulance
If a casualty is not breathing normally,call an emergency ambulance
immediately If a bystander is available, they can call
the ambulance for you Ensure you tell the operator that you
have an unconscious, non-breathingcasualty.
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Adult CPR
After an ambulance has been called, youshould commence CPR.
First, you should give 30 chest compressions Place your hands in the centre of the persons
chest, over the breastbone (sternum) Interlock your fingers Push down 30 times at a rate of100 - 120
compressions / minute
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Adult CPR
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Interlocking fingers
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Chest compressions
Ensure your elbowsare locked and yourshoulders positionedabove the chest
Push down to adepth of about 5cm
Ensure you releasefully after eachcompression
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Chest compressions
Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.
Sternum will
break
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Rescue breaths
After30 chest compressions, give 2rescue breaths.
Tilt the casualtys head backwards, lifetheir chin and then pinch their nose
Make a seal over their mouth andbreath in for approximately one second
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Adult CPR
Continue the cycle of30 chestcompressions to 2 rescue breaths
until help arrives If there is more than one first aider,
swap over doing chest compressionsregularly
If a defibrillator arrives it should be usedimmediately
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Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.
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Summary
Danger Response
Airway Breathing Call an ambulance
Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.