hillcrest mrc chapter 2: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

7/28/2019 Hillcrest MRC Chapter 2: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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Unconsciousness & Steps to Perform

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Malaysian Red Crescent, SMK Hillcrest 2012.

Malaysian Red CrescentSMK Hillcrest

By: Staff Sergeant Mohd Syameer Firdaus (5 Alpha 2012)

Private Amirul Fakhri (3 Amal 2012)


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What is unconsciousness?

firstaidpowerpoint.com

complete or near-complete lack of

responsiveness

unaware of both selfand external

surroundings


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Unconsciousness vs

sleeping


The difference between being asleep and

being unconsciousness is that anunconscious person will not wake up.

Unconsciousness is a medical emergency


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Why the fuss?


When someone goes unconscious, they loosemuscle toneo This means they go all floppy like a rag doll

The tongue (a muscle) can block their airway when itlooses muscle toneo This is known colloquially as swallowing your own tongue

In addition, loss of control over their stomachmuscles can cause stomach contents (vomit) totravel back up to the throat which can block theairway


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What is the airway?


The airway is a series of tubeswhich caries air from your mouth

& nose to your lungs

It can become blocked by thetongue and regurgitation ofstomach contents

This will stop the casualty frombreathing


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Helping someone who is

unconscious


You can use the mnemonic DR ABC to rememberwhat to do!

If you suspect someone is unconscious, do not leavethem!


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Introduction (2)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a first aid technique tohelp people who suffer a cardiac arrest (their heart stopsbeating).

It involves doing chest compressions and rescue breaths tokeep the casualty alive until a defibrillatorarrives.

A defibrillator is an electrical device which can be used to helprestart someones heart.

CPR on its own is unlikely to restart someones heart, however itwill increase the chance of a defibrillator being successful.



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Patient assessment

If you find someone collapsed, you canuse the mnemonic DR ABC to help

you remember what to do



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D: Danger

Ensure there are no dangers to yourself, otherbystanders or the casualty

Ask yourself - why has the casualtycollapsed? Are there any hazards? Am I atrisk?

Dangers could include: moving vehicles,

electricity, water, other people and smoke/fire Only help if it is safe to do so



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R: Response

Try and wake the casualty up - are theyresponsive?

Kneel by his/her head, shout loudly inboth ears and tap them on theshoulders

If no response, the casualty isunconscious



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At this point

If a casualty does not wake up they areunconscious.

This is an emergency situation Try and attract attention to yourself/the

casualty by shouting for help However, DO NOT leave the casualty



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A: Airway

The airway is the tube which takes airfrom the mouth/nose to the lungs

When a casualty is unconscious, theirtongue can fall backwards and blocktheir airway.

This can cause an obstruction and stopthe casualty from breathing



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A: Airway

To open someones airway, place onehand on their forehead and tilt their

head backwards Then place two fingers on the bony part

of their chin and lift it. This is known as the head tilt, chin lift

maneuver.



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B: Breathing

Keep your hands on the personshead/chin

Place your cheek above their mouthand look at their chest

Look, listen and feel for regularbreathing for up to 10 seconds.



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C: Call an ambulance

If a casualty is not breathing normally,call an emergency ambulance

immediately If a bystander is available, they can call

the ambulance for you Ensure you tell the operator that you

have an unconscious, non-breathingcasualty.



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Adult CPR

After an ambulance has been called, youshould commence CPR.

First, you should give 30 chest compressions Place your hands in the centre of the persons

chest, over the breastbone (sternum) Interlock your fingers Push down 30 times at a rate of100 - 120

compressions / minute



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Adult CPR


Interlocking fingers


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Chest compressions

Ensure your elbowsare locked and yourshoulders positionedabove the chest

Push down to adepth of about 5cm

Ensure you releasefully after eachcompression



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Chest compressions


Sternum will

break


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Rescue breaths

After30 chest compressions, give 2rescue breaths.

Tilt the casualtys head backwards, lifetheir chin and then pinch their nose

Make a seal over their mouth andbreath in for approximately one second



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Adult CPR

Continue the cycle of30 chestcompressions to 2 rescue breaths

until help arrives If there is more than one first aider,

swap over doing chest compressionsregularly

If a defibrillator arrives it should be usedimmediately



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Summary

Danger Response

Airway Breathing Call an ambulance


hillcrest mrc chapter 2: cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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