Download - Grey literature in Poland

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Some Types of Grey Literature:a Polish Context

Dr Marek NahotkoJagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland

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What is GL?

Different terms used to define GLLow uniformity of GL as a groupSome features possible to enumerate to describe GL as a group: difficult to identify, to access, to locate; limited editions; inaccessible in bookstores; no bibliographic registration; absent in library and publisher’s catalogues; unpublished; fast distribution.

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What is GL?

Two criteria for distinguish it:n Scope: government, scientific,

technological or business publications;n Type of publisher: non-commercial,

publishing is not their main form of activity.

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GL in Poland by OPI

1. Reports: scientific, technical, economic, social etc.2. Conference materials (unpublished)3. Standards and technical recommendations4. Unpublished translations5. Small edition, local journals6. Official documents7. Technical, promotion and advertising

documentation8. Documents in an electronic form9. Materials for MSP enterprises10. Underground (prohibited) literature

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GL in Poland: chosen types

Prohibited (underground) literature, especially 1939-1945 and 1946-1989;Materials for small business for technology transfer;Unpublished translations into polish;Small journals of local importance.

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Criteria for description

The adequacy of the definition mentioned;Origin;Role for users;Local importance;Level of ‘greyness’;Organization and accessibility.

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Prohibited (underground) literature 1

Adequacy of the definition:n Not produced by government, business,

nor industryn Used to fight against official government

bodiesn As such, it was anti-governmental

literature and in a sense can be treated as associated with official bodies.

n Published by non-publisher institutions.

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Origin:n German occupation (1939-1945):

underground polish state.n Output of about 1500 books and brochuresn Communist period (1946-1989): full state

control of paper and equipment distribution; registers of prohibited authors; definition of content and edition by censors

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1939-1945

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Aut.: St. Miedza-Tomaszewski (1943)

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1982

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Role for usersn Role changes with years: from arms of

actual political fight to historical, musealobjects now.

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Local importancen Bibliophile charactern Circulation for scientific and editorial

purposesn Stored in a specially protected collections

(deteriorating state)

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Level of ‘greyness’n Different forms: books, brochures,

journals, leaflets, posters, caricatiresn Amateurish typographyn Difficult accessn Lack of bibliographic control

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Organization and accessibilityn Biggest collections in Warsaw National

Library and Cracow Jagiellonian Library;n No complete collection;n Bibliography for 1939-1945 period

published by NL Warsaw;n Database of „second circulation”

publications in JL Cracow.

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Small business 1

Adequacy of the definition:n Business and technical applicationsn Publishers are often non-commercial, for

whom it is not a basic type of cativityn There is a good adequacy of the definition.

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Small business 2

Origin:n Made by governmental, scientific, industrial

bodies;n Different types of documents: reports,

conference materials, doctor and master theses, sale and trade catalogues, expert’s reports and translations.

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Small business 3

Role for usersn Information about companies, institutions

and organizations;n Information about markets;n Information about finances;n Information about products and services;n General information about economy,

political changes etc.

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Small business 4

Local importancen Special role of MSP in Poland:

Employment

BigMiddleSmall

Production

BigMiddleSmall

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Small business 5Level of ‘greyness’

Materials used during MSP activities Grey literature Y/NResearch and conferences reports YDoctor and master thesis Y

Patents and standards N

Expert evaluations Y

Translations Y

Yearly reports of joint-stock companies Y

Textbooks, handbooks NJournals N

Sale and trade catalogues Y

Prospectus Y

Advertising leaflets YCompanies address books Y

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Small business 6

Organization and accessibilityn Necessity for a system of grey lit for MSP;n Plans of the system in polish OPI (named

POLSIGLE).

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Unpublished translations 1

The adequacy of the definitionn Our interest narrowed to areas of

technology, economics, organization, government activity;

n Translations are not published by owing institutions.

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Originn Prepared by units of central administration,

science, foundations ect.n Need for experienced translatorsn Market taken by commercial enterprises

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Role for usersn Decreasing importance in science, as

everything is in english;n Bigger importance for business, new

technologies implementationn New languages: minely Asiann Importance for MSP

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Local importancen Breaking information barriersn In polish context translations are

important, as polish is not popular language

n Translations directly connected with economic development

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Level of ‘greyness’n Translations as typical grey literature

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Organization and accessibilityn System about unpublished translations in

CINTE till end of 1980sn Actually no information system in existencen Now produced by specialized firms on

ordern Bigger possibilities for automatic

translation

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Small local journals 1

The adequacy of the definitionn Publishers are very diverse group: schools,

churches, social societies, inhabitants, political parties, industrial plants, minorities; in practice non-commercial, not financially self-sufficient (donations) or based on advertisements;

n Subject matter as different as publishers: usually local information (social).

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Journal's publishers

26%

36%

22%

10%

2%

4%

PrivateLocal gov.ChurchSocietiesPoliticalWorks

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Originn First local jourmnals in XIX c.n Rapid development after 1997 after

freedom of speach restorationn Public institutions are obliged to present

full information about self activitiesn Need for local intellectual environment;

most journals exist in most developed regions.

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Role for usersn Social demand for local journals;n In small towns more users of local journals than

all-Polish titles;n Big level of information needs satisfaction, local

perspective for events;n Enrichment of local cultural, social, political,

professional life;n Development of small homelands and local

patriotism.

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Local importance – tasks:n Support of versatile, actual information;n Supervising local authorities;n Promote of local initiatives;n Expressing local social opinions;n Integration of local environment;n Helping to form local opinion;n Support local culture;n Promotion of small homelands;n Forum for advertisements and announcements;n Entertainment.

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Level of ‘greyness’n Journals generally not rated among GL;n Local journals are specific group, becouse

of:wNon-commercial,w Type of publishers,w Limited range of influence

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Small local journals 5Level of ‘greyness’

Publisher /profile of local journal Grey literature Y/N

Council journals Y

School journals (e.g. in high schools) Y

Religious and church journals N

Private journals N

Society (both learned and social org. journals) Y?

Political parties journals N

Industrial plant journals Y

Economic organizations journals Y

Minorities journals N

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Organization and accessibilityn Journals accessible in public libraries,

subscriptions or free distribution;n No specific distribution network;n Cooperation between publishers, eg.

between local weeklies.

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Conclusions

Particular importance of displayed types of GL in Poland, becouse of different reasons;Level of ‘greyness’ is different;Need for information system(s) for the types of grey literature (and some other).

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Thank you for your attention!

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Download - Grey literature in Poland

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