Download - Green Week Presn Fin Jun5rb
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The Emerging New Generation of
Community Forestry
Towards protecting more forests, more rapidly, to
address Forest Loss and Climate Change
Eduardo QueblatinFormer Program Coordinator
With Acknowledgementto EC, UNDP , SEARCA &SGPPTF Partners
The EC UNDP Small Grants Programme
for Operations to Promote Tropical Forests( SGP PTF )
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Community Forestry a nice concept
But can it help in a really major way to
help prevent forest loss and deal withclimate change ?
What can be done is Asia , particularlySouthEast Asia ( with its remaining tropicalforests , biodiversity)?
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EC Grant of EU 15 M ( TFBL)
2001--2007
Building on the principles of GEFSmall Grants Program
8 countries1,000+ forest communitiesThrough 247 sub grantees
Implementation:United Nations DevelopmentProgram (UNDP)Execution: Southeast AsisRegional Center for GraduateStudy and Research in Agriculture(SEARCA)
Southeast
AsiaCambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
SouthAsia
Sri Lanka
Pakistan
Small Grants Programfor Operations to
Promote of TropicalForests. SGP PTF
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Sustainable Forest Management (SFM ) Agenda of many Asian countries
Photo from www.fao.org
One
governmentforest guard
Limited NationalGovernmentresources +policyambivalence
up to
12T hectaresto protect
=
limited scope and
pace of forestprotection andregeneration
A key challenge:
=
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Contribution
to SFM
Logging
concessions +statecorporations
Community
forestry +industrialplantations+ protected areas
Time
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)
Trends in Country Agenda setting
High hopes for Community Forestry (CF)
Expanding # of good cases , but overall, slowreplication process ( policy, institutional etc)
Can this desirable modality cover more ground ?
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SGP PTF experience confirms
observations of previous EC initiatives
Community forestry ( CF ) .
contributes to rural poverty alleviation
Given the appropriate support, can protectmore forests at faster pace
. Major input to SFM Agenda to more rapidlyaddress forest loss and climate change
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What communities with appropriate support,can achieve---
Milestones of SGPPTF assisted communities and partners
Efforts of 1,000+ communities 800,000 hectares+ of forests under varying intensities of
protection and regeneration
EC Grant Resources used= EU 13 M ,
Forest Area covered /Grant funds used= EU 16.00/hectare*
*Illustrative Donor /government reforestation budget = EU 350.00/hawith no guarantee of sustainability
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What we are learning :How to sustainand expand community forestry
Guarantee benefits to community in return toguarding the forests
Help them cope with rapid social change Support food systems and livelihoods
Tap Local Government support
Engage the middle class or else
Combine Small Grants with serious knowledgeManagement
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In countries with incipient legal framework
(e.g Thailand, Malaysia ,Sri Lanka )E.g. interim agreements with local governments
and local forest offices
In countries with improving legal framework
( e.g. Philippines , Cambodia, Vietnam )help communities navigate complex rules ;
aim for local government support
1. Guarantee benefits to
communities in returnto guarding the forests( resource access
security)
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2. To Cope with rapid
social change, affirm andtap local knowledge
EU Parliamentarians visitSarawak
Need more than justAnthropologicalstudies
Include LocalKnowledge in dailylife even better e.g.
in education
in local govt plans etc
Indigenous forest communities
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3. Support Food systems + simple
livelihood for different types of rural poor
Forest based enterprises(for the :the improving poor)
Agro forestry based food
systems .( for the the copingpoor*)
Simple improvements on Non
timber forest products ( NTFP)systems( for the the very poor)
Other cross cutting
modalities:
Water supply, fuel woodefficiency
Community savingsprograms
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4. Fully engage local
governments
Decentralization trends
Increasing devolved resources low cost, long term support to
CF( vs high intensity, shortduration donor support
Can draw multi sectoralsupport
45% of SGPPF Partner communities are nowlinked with Local Government programs.
3 Types of Local
Governments:
Those under Elitecapture
Those starting local NRMprograms
Those wanting to start
NRM but dont know how
Start with these
Could be
35 % of local
governments
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Mutual benefit between forest communities and
Local GovernmentThe case of national government pine forests in a Java District
Community:needed moreland formultistorycommunity
forests
The LocalGovernment:concerned w/effect of Pineforest plantationon the municipalwatershed .
Together they negotiate with National Government.
Results :
*Forest Land allocated to communities .
*Local Government supports the community
agroforestry based rural industry;
water supply protected Improves local revenues
+
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Malaysia : Celebrities help buildawareness among urban sectors
5. Engage the middle class or else
could obstruct community forestry due fears of communityinduced deforestation and pollution . E.g. case in Thailand
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Community and Local Government
Ventures in forest protection.
Builds on National policy reforms in the forestryand governance sectors
Driven by guaranteed local benefit from forests
Low intensity, but long term funding from LG
large reforestation subsidies not needed in all
cases Example : Assisted Natural Regeneration or
ANR 30% of usual cost of reforestation
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6. Combine Small Grants + Knowledge
Management (KM) to rapidly spread goodpractices and help improve policy
KnowledgeManagementLearnings fromthe SGP PTF
ASEAN Regional Dialogue
ASEAN Social ForestryNetwork
ASEAN CENTER forBIODIVESITY
National Policy
Spread Practice bycommunities
and Local Governments
through peer to peer learning
Example:
Vietnamcase
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The emerging new generation CF :
Communitieswith improvingresource access
LocalGovernments
Social/economicservices
Low costforestmanagementpractices
=+ +
Wider areasof forest
protected andregeneratedat faster pace
Build onimproving
national legalframeworks
Begin with the 35%of Local
Governments(the good types)
Traditional + Scienceassisted systems
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SustainableForestManagement
(SFM)
With wider,faster effort
Addressing climate change :
Role of the new generation CF
Addressing climate change :
Role of the new generation CFNew CF modality:
Communities + LocalGovernments + lowcost technologies
Backbone for grounding international forest strategiese.g. :
Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) ,
Payment for Environmental Services( PES)
Forest Law Enforcement , Governance and Trade ( FLEGT)
Social Capital
More effectivepreventionmitigation andadaptation toclimate change
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Summary: From long term studies and
recent experience through projects likeSGP PTF (with support from EC ):
A new generation of CF is emerging: Communities + Local Governments + low cost forest
management strategies
With appropriate support, the new generation CF canprotect more forests, more rapidly and at probably lessercosts, to address forest loss and climate change
The EC UNDP Small Grants Programme for
Operations to Promote Tropical Forests( SGP PTF)