Download - Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT

Gender gaps in ICTThe role of ICT in supporting gender parity

Ericsson ConsumerLab 2017

Ericsson Internal | 2017-02-27 |

Ericsson ConsumerLab annual research

1.1 billionREPRESENTING

PEOPLE 100,000RESPONDENTS

20OF RESEARCHYEARS40

MORE THAN

COUNTRIES

Jan 1st


Key Findings

Closing the ICT gender gap is perhaps not as difficult as could be expectedThe fast pace in technology development has resulted in wider availability of affordable devices and internet access. This is rapidly closing the gender gaps in ICT usage. At the same time, the gender gaps move from access and devices to services and content.

There is a golden relationship between the Global Gender Gap Index and ICT Gender Gap IndexIn countries where gender parity exists in education, economic and professional opportunities coupled with a high presence of women in ICT-oriented jobs, there is generally a low ICT gender gap.

The younger generation is the force for changeIn countries with high gender gaps, the young generation do things differently. They adopt ICT at almost equal rates. This could translate to a positive force for change in their lives and communities.

Broad availability of ICT tools and services are not guarantees to gender parityConsumers living in countries with available and affordable ICT solutions tend to have higher levels of ICT use and gender parity. In some developed countries, gender parity is only a reality for specific groups of women. More commonly, women have a limited online presence and less frequent ICT usage.

Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical Platform 2017


Methodology

RUSSIA

CHINAJAPAN

NORWAY

SWEDEN

POLAND

HUNGARY

UK

SPAINFRANCE

ITALY

GERMANY

LEBANON

EGYPTUAE

INDIA THAILANDVIETNAM

INDONESIA

SOUTH AFRICA

KENYA

ANGOLA

NIGERIACÕTE D’IVOIRE

CANADA

USA

MEXICOJAMAICA

COLOMBIA

BRAZIL

CHILEWorldEconomicForum

Additional Source

markets in ConsumerLab Analytical Platform

Quantitative analysis of historic data from

32

Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) data

ARGENTINA



Measuring the gender gaps

The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) is a measurement that applies to national data, scoring countries on their progress towards gender parity in four sub-indexes. The ICT Gender Gap Index (ICT GGI) focuses on the use and habits around ICT tools and services, with attention to age groups, occupation and household income.

The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI), defined by World Economic Forum

Economic Participation and Opportunity

EducationalAttainment

Health and Survival

Political Empowerment

The ICT Gender Gap Index (ICT GGI), defined by Ericsson ConsumerLab

Use ofServices

DevicesUsed

TimeSpent

Placeof Use



Closing the gender gaps

Self-reported ratio between men and women on their daily internet usage

Figure 1: The progress to achieve gender parity by individual countries along the Global Gender Gap Index and sub-indexes

2000 2004 2008 2012 20160.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Source: Global Gender Gap Index 2016Note: Green diamonds correspond to subindex averages

Global Gender Gap Index

Economic Opportunity and Participation

subindex

Educational Attainment subindex

Health and Survival subindex

Political Empowerment

subindex

United Kingdom United StatesMexicoIndiaSaudi Arabia

Yemen

Pakistan India IcelandRwanda

United States

China Nigeria Norway

Chad Nigeria Nepal

Cambodia

China India

United States Nigeria

IcelandFinlandNorwayFranceSenegalUnited Arab Emirates

Score (0.0–1.0 scale)0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

› There is still a long road ahead in achieving gender parity in the four sub-indexes to the Global Gender Gap Index. The spread of the countries along the sub-indexes provide an indication of the most challenging areas to achieve gender parity.

› However, the gender gap in ICT has continued to shrink at an impressive rate since year 2000. Much of this can be attributed to the introduction of smartphones and affordable internet access through mobile


Base: Internet Population aged 15-69 in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UK and USA


Climbing the ICT gender gap ladder

ACCESSDevices and Connectivity

SERVICESFrequency of use,Types of services

CONTENTEducation, Shopping,

Banking, Entertainment

VALU

ES

The ICT GGI is not merely an attempt to understand the usage or non-usage of devices and the internet, but relates to how they are used and the results of that usage. It is a measurement for understanding the equal opportunity to access and use of services and content.

When personal values among both genders are in support of open-mindedness, curiosity, honesty and self-reliance, the values tend to have a positive effect on gender parity in ICT.



Search for inspiration

Learning, curiosity,open-mindedness

Be genuineHonesty,

authenticity,self-reliance

Equal opportunities

Equality, justice, social

responsibility

Fun-seekingHaving fun, enjoying life,

pleasure

Love is allyou need

Romance, friendship,

enduring love

Successis key

Status, wealth, power

Stick to the traditionsRespecting ancestors,

tradition, cultural purity

It’s my destinyFaith, duty, traditional

gender roles

Appearanceis everything

Looking good, public image,self-interest

Values positively impacting the ICT GGI

Values negatively impacting the ICT GGI

Values matter

Personal values are shared beliefs about what is good, right and desirable in societyThey have an impact on our actions in daily life and have a positive or a negative relationship to the ICT GGIThe strength of values is dependent on age, occupation and socio economic class



How the gender gap is manifested

Services Used› Women are more avid users of communication

services such as voice calls, IM, social networking and e-commerce.

› In countries with a low ICT gender gap, women have an increased online presence, also performing activities such as banking, product info search and general browsing.

Time Spent› The lower the ICT gender gap, the higher the

online presence of women.› Women in Colombia spend on average >10

min more online than men, daily. In Côte d’Ivoire women spend on average ~40 min less online than men, daily.

Devices and Location› In the majority of countries, men are the prominent users of

laptops for online access. Their online presence is extensive at work and when out and about.

› Women are prominent users of mobile phones and tablets, the home environment being where majority of online activities happen.



Four country groups and patterns

ACHIEVERS

SHIFTERS

DEVIATORS

ASPIRERS

The ICT Gender Gap Index

The

Glo

bal G

ende

r Gap

Inde

x



AchieversACHIEVERS

SHIFTERS

DEVIATORS

ASPIRERS

› High level of ICT use and time spent online across age groups, occupation and household income

› Low to non-existent gender gap, with a balanced use for most types of services

› A position most common for developed countries› Countries with high female workforce participation

Characteristics:

South Africa: despite low levels of ICT use and less time spent online for both genders, there is gender parity for particular groups in the society. The group yet to reach gender parity is women in low-income households, where their ICT and service use is lower than their male counterparts.

Exception:

NORWAY

SOUTH AFRICA

POLANDCANADA

COLOMBIA

SWEDENUK

USA SPAINFRANCE

ITALY

CHILEARGENTINA

JAMAICA



ShiftersACHIEVERS

SHIFTERS

DEVIATORS

ASPIRERS

› Slightly lower ICT usage levels and time spent onlinefor both genders

› No gender gaps in ICT usage and habits among the younger generation, students and within high income households

› A position most common for developing countries

Characteristics:

UAE: high levels of usage and time spent online, while gender gaps would typically exist among the older population as well as within low- and mind-income households. The gaps exist in usage of most types of services Angola: lower levels of usage and time spent online for both genders, but gender parity exist among students and within high-income households. A gender gap is more prominent among the age groups of 45+ as well as mid- and low-income households with regards to usage of most types of services

Exception:

MEXICOTHAILAND

BRAZIL

UAE

ANGOLA

HUNGARY

INDONESIA

LEBANON



AspirersACHIEVERS

SHIFTERS

DEVIATORS

ASPIRERS

› Low scores on the GGGI, coupled with a negative ICT GGI

› Overall low levels of ICT usage and time spent online for both genders

› A position most common for developing countries where access to devices and connectivity is a challenge

Characteristics:

China: higher levels of ICT usage compared to other countries in this group. Gender parity in ICT use and habits exist among the younger generation, students and within high income households. However, a clear gender difference in the services used, where IM and social networking is the most used services among womenVietnam: the highest score on the GGGI compared to other countries in this group, but with lower levels of ICT usage and time spent online by both genders. Gender parity in ICT use and habits exist among the younger generation, students and within high-income households for specific types of services

Exception:

CHINA

INDIAVIETNAMNIGERIACÕTE D’IVOIRE

KENYA

EGYPT



Values that align with Be genuine and Love is all you need tend to re-appear across the three groups, but do so to different extent

The values along the main groups

Among Achievers the value groups with positive impact on the ICT GGI tends to be regarded at similarly high levels across age, occupation and household income groups

Search for inspiration

Learning, curiosity,open-mindedness

Be genuineHonesty,

authenticity,self-reliance

Equal opportunities

Equality, justice, social responsibility

Fun-seekingHaving fun, enjoying life,

pleasure

Love is allyou need

Romance, friendship,

enduring love

Successis key

Status, wealth, power

Stick to the traditionsRespecting ancestors,

tradition, cultural purity

It’s my destinyFaith, duty, traditional

gender roles

Appearanceis everything

Looking good, public image,self-interest

In similar fashion, the value groups with negative impact on the ICT GGI tends to be highly regarded across age, occupation and household income groups among Aspirers

ASPIRERSSHIFTERSACHIEVERS


Base: Online population aged 15-69 in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UK and USA


Service use along the main groups

Usage of Services Online & Mobile

Voice Calls

BrowseInternet

SMSContact

E-mailContact

IMContact

SocialNetworks

VideoCalls

Online Stream Music

VideoClips

GPS

Online Gaming

Mobile Banking

GPSWomen have a more extensive daily usage

Women and men have an equal extent in daily usage

Men have a more extensive daily usage


Voice Calls

BrowseInternet

SMSContact

E-mailContact

IMContact

SocialNetworks

VideoCalls

Online Stream Music

VideoClips

GPS

Online Gaming

Mobile Banking

GPS


Voice Calls

BrowseInternet

SMSContact

E-mailContact

IMContact

SocialNetworks

VideoCalls

Online Stream Music

VideoClips

GPS

Online Gaming

Mobile Banking

GPS

ASPIRERS SHIFTERS

ACHIEVERS

Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab Analytical platform 2017

Base: Online population aged 15-69 in Angola, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, UAE, UK, USA and Vietnam


DeviatorsACHIEVERS

SHIFTERS

DEVIATORS

ASPIRERS

› Countries that are industrialized and developed› High levels of ICT usage, but clear gender gaps in time

spent online and the types of services most used› Varying scores on the GGGI, with negative ICT GGI

Characteristics:

Structural differences in these countries creates the deviation, as the high ICT gender gap cannot be explained by explorations into GDP per capita, nor the personal values of individuals. Gender parity has been nearly achieved for all three within the Educational attainment and the Health and survival sub-indexes. These countries are, economically, in a position to offer ICT tools and services to the wider public. While gender parity in Educational attainment promotes a high presence of women in the workforce, women are less frequent in technical, managerial, senior official or legislative roles. Women are also less frequent in jobs of political character, such as ministerial or parliamentary roles. Hence, women are less prominent in jobs where ICT would be a natural influence on the uptake of internet and service use.

RUSSIA

JAPAN

GERMANY



› Young females and female students show clear tendencies to higher online presence and use of ICT tools and services

› Their usage of ICT tools and services are at similar levels as their male counterparts, in some cases even showing higher usage than the males

› The younger generation has a higher regard for open-mindedness and curiosity, no matter their gender

The young force for change



The journey to gender parity in ICT

ICTGender Gap

Gender parity in ICTis the result of

PoliticalEconomic Professional

EMPOWERMENT

Therefore, achieving gender parity in ICT is not merely a question of access to the technologyas such. It is an aid in strengthening progress towards gender parity in other aspects of society



› Through the measurement of the GGGI by the World Economic Forum, gender parity in the pillars of society ensures a societal equality in health, education, economy and politics

› ICT is a strong baseline and provides part of the infrastructure of services and tools that can empower women’s participation in these pillars

› Equal access to ICT tools and services is not simply a matter of economic prosperity in a country, but the implementation of strategies to ensure access to ICT tools and services by all

The role of ICT in gender parity

Health

ICT Tools and Services

Education Economy Politics

National Economic Development

Gender Parity


Download - Gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT

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